John Philoponos
author: Sebastian P. Brock
source date: 2011
edition published: 2016-09-22-16:00
availability: Copyright ©2011 by Beth Mardutho: The Syriac Institute Distributed under an Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)

John Philoponos

https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/John-Philoponos http://syriaca.org/bibl/315 306 http://syriaca.org/person/576 [person] [Greek philosopher and lay theologian.]

(ca. 490 – ca. 575) [Syr. Orth.]

Greek philosopher and lay theologian. A native of Alexandria, he studied under the Neoplatonist philosopher Ammonius (of whose works he was an editor). The epithet philoponos, ‘lover of labour’, was probably given him in view of his industriousness. As a philosopher John has been described as one of the most original thinkers of his time, notable especially for his criticism of the prevailing Aristotelian doctrine of the eternity of the world. His writings prior to ca. 553 dealt with many different aspects of Aristotelian philosophy and survive only in Greek. It seems that it was the Council of Constantinople of 553 that led him to turn his attention to theology ( CPG 7260–7274, and Supplement); most of this is known only in Syriac translation. This applies in particular to his main surviving theological work, the Diaitētēs, or ‘Arbiter’, on the Union (in the incarnate Christ). His Tmemātā, or ‘Sections’ against the Councils of Chalcedon (451) and Constantinople (553) are summarized in Michael Rabo ’s Chronicle (VIII.13). His work on the Creation of the World, dating from ca. 557–60, extant in Greek, was written against the views of Cosmas Indicopleustes, the friend of Patr. Aba I . His later theological works are known only in excerpts or from hostile sources: this applies in particular to his ‘On the Trinity’, where his rigorous application of logic led him to speak of the oneness of the Trinity as an abstraction. This position, held by a number of theologians, was condemned as tritheism, generating a considerable polemical literature (among which is Peter of Kallinikos ’s work ‘Against Damian’). John’s theological teaching was explicitly condemned at the Council of Constantinople in 680, but his philosophical works remained influential, first in Arabic translation, and then in 16th-cent. Western Europe in Latin.

Primary Sources

CPG 7260–7282.
A. Šanda, Opuscula Monophysitica Ioannis Philoponi (1930).
A. Van Roey, ‘Fragments anti-ariens de Jean Philopon’, OLP 10 (1979), 237–50.
A. Van Roey, ‘Les fragments trithéites de Jean Philopon’, OLP 11 (1980), 135–63.

Secondary Sources

H. Chadwick, ‘Philoponus the Christian theologian’, in Philoponus and the Rejection of Aristotelian Science, ed. R. Sorabji (1987), 41–56.
Th. Hainthaler, ‘John Philoponus, philosopher and theologian in Alexandria’, in Christ in Christian Tradition, ed. A. Grillmeier and Th. Hainthaler, vol. 2.4 (1996), 107–46.
U. M. Lang, John Philoponus and the controversies over Chalcedon in the sixth century (2001). (with ET of ‘Arbiter’ and further references).
R. Sorabji, ‘John Philoponus’, in Philoponus and the Rejection of Aristotelian Science, ed. R. Sorabji (1987), 1–40.
A. Van Roey, ‘La controverse trithéite jusqu’à l’excommunication de Conon et d’Eugène (557–569)’, OLP 16 (1985), 141–65.

Sebastian P. Brock