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449 matches for Keyword: Ab* Perpage: 455

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"Jacob+Bishop"~2  
finds three results in which the words "Jacob" and "Bishop" occur within two words of each other: "Jacob , bishop of Nisibin", "Jacob, bishop of Phesilta", and "Jacob , bishop of ‛Ānah" while a simple search for "Jacob Bishop" returns many more results.

1
Theodoros Abū Qurra (probably d. after 829) [Melk.]Contributor: Aaron M. Butts URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Theodoros-Abu-Qurra
Theodoros  Abū  ... Qurra https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Theodoros Abu -Qurra http://syriaca.org/bibl/554 545 ... ...r, bp. of Ḥarran . Little is definitively known about  the life of Theodoros  Abū  Qurra. He was likely born in Edessa toward th... the life of Theodoros  Abū  Qurra. He was likely born in Edessa toward th... the life of Theodoros  Abū  Qurra. He was likely born in Edessa toward th... ...Chronicle, Michael Rabo (d. 1199) reports that Abū  Qurra was deposed from his see by Theodoret, the Melk. ... ... challenged (see Lamoreaux 2005, xiii–xv). In the Chronicle of Michael Rabo, Abū  Qurra is also said to have travelled to Armenia where he debated with the S...
2
Ṭur  ʿAbdin  ... https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Tur Abdin  http://syriaca.org/bibl/574 565 ... ... Properly speaking, Ṭur ʿAbdin  (‘Mountain of the servants’) does not include the whole province of ... ... Tigris and Nisibis . The first bp. of Ṭur ʿAbdin  ... resided at Ḥaḥ, a town in the north-east of Ṭur ʿAbdin , far from the center of the diocese. Ḥaḥ used to be much bigger than it is ... ... resided at Ḥaḥ, a town in the north-east of Ṭur ʿAbdin , far from the center of the diocese. Ḥaḥ used to be much bigger than it is ... ... resided at Ḥaḥ, a town in the north-east of Ṭur ʿAbdin , far from the center of the diocese. Ḥaḥ used to be much bigger than it is ... ...cese. In 613 Daniel ʿUzoyo became bp. of the united dioceses of Dara and Ṭur ʿAbdin , to which, for a while, were added those of Tella and ...
3
...  Abraham ] ... ...  Abrohom  962 – 963 ... ... Yuḥanon (VII) bar ʿAbdun  1004 – 1030 ... ... Yuḥanon VIII (IX) bar ʿAbdun  1042 (1048?) – 1057... ... Athanasios (VII) Abulfaraj  bar Kamoro 1090 – 1... ...  Abrohom  II Gharīb (Ignatius VI... ... The Patriarchate of Ṭur ʿAbdin  (1364 – 1816) See Fiey, Pour un Oriens ... ...tius Masʿūd (of Ṭur ʿAbdin ) Zazoyo ...
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Ibn al-Ṭayyib (d. 1043) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Aaron M. Butts URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ibn-al-Tayyib
...heologian, exegete, physician, translator, and philosopher. His full name is Abū  al-Faraj  ʿAbd  Allāh Ibn al-Ṭayyib al-ʿIrāqī. ... al-Faraj  ʿAbd  Allāh Ibn al-Ṭayyib al-ʿIrāqī. ... ...heologian, exegete, physician, translator, and philosopher. His full name is Abū  al-Faraj  ʿAbd  Allāh Ibn al‑Ṭayyib al-ʿIrāqī. He worked at the ʿAḍūdiyya Hospital in ... al-Faraj  ʿAbd  Allāh Ibn al‑Ṭayyib al-ʿIrāqī. He worked at the ʿAḍūdiyya Hospital in ... al-Faraj  ʿAbd  Allāh Ibn al‑Ṭayyib al-ʿIrāqī. He worked at the ʿAḍūdiyya Hospital in ... ...4). Ibn al-Ṭayyib’s students include ʿAlī b. ʿĪsā al-kaḥḥāl (d. after 1010), Abū  al-Ḥusayn al-Baṣrī (d. 1044), and Ibn Buṭlān (d. 1066). He was also a conte...
5
...  Aba  I ... ...  Aba  II of Kashkar ... ...  Abraham  II 837 – 850 ... ... Yoḥannan IV bar Abgare  ... ...  Abraham  III  Abraza  905 – 936/7 ... III  Abraza  905 – 936/7 ... III  Abraza  905 – 936/7 ...
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ʿAbdishoʿ bar Brikha Ebedjesus (d. 1318) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Jeff W. Childers URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abdisho-bar-Brikha
 ʿAbdishoʿ  ... bar Brikha https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Abdisho -bar-Brikha http://syriaca.org/bibl/14 5 ... ...(d. 1318) [Ch. of E.] Bp. and scholar. ʿAbdishoʿ  was bp. of Sinjar and Beth ʿArbaye , ... ...His metrical ‘Catalogue of Books’ is an invaluable repository of information about  the authors and works of the Syriac literary heritage, including many that ... ...yta, The Nomocanon, or Collection of Synodical Canons of Mar Abdisho  bar Brikha, Metropolitan of Nisibis and Armenia (1918). ... ... I.  Perczel, The Nomocanon of Metropolitan Abdisho  of Nisibis. A  facsimile edition of ms 64 from the collecti... ... Ecclesiasticorum, collectus, dispositus, ordinatus a Mar  Abdisho  Metropolita Nisibis et Armeniae (S. Congregazione per la Chiesa... ... 3–362. J. Habbi, Catalogus Auctorum: ʿAbdishoʿ  Sob. (1986). G.  P.  Badger...
7
Midyat MedyadContributor: Hidemi Takahashi URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Midyat
... http://syriaca.org/place/137 place Principal town of Ṭur ʿAbdin , situated at the geographical center of the region ... ... Medyad Principal town of Ṭur ʿAbdin  , situated at the geographical center of the region... ...enter of a subdistrict (nahiye, later kaza) covering the central part of Ṭur ʿAbdin  and it is today the administrative center of a district (ilçe) within t... ...el ca. 3 km. to the west. An early ascetic associated with Midyat is the stylite Abel  (Hobil, end of 5th cent.), who, according to the ‘Life of Samuel of Qarṭmin... ...s of Mabbug . The monastery built on the site of Abel’s  pillar and originally known by his name came to be better known under the n... ... originally known by his name came to be better known under the name of Mor  Abrohom  after the relics of  Abraham  after the relics of  Abrohom 
8
... Coakley's Manuscripts entry Coakley, ‘Manuscripts’,  above , 262–64 , and, in greater detail, A. Desreumaux, Répertoire des bibliothèques et des... ... Or. oct. 1257:  Abgar  the Hagiographer ... ... Dayr al-Suryān General:  Aba  | Mushe of Nisibis ... ... Syr. 4: Monastery of Beth ʿAbe  Syr. 709... ... Add. 12,167:  Aba  Add. 12,... ... Add. 14,726:  Aba  | Anṭun of Tagrit ... ... Add. 17,194:  Aba  Add. 17,... ... Add. 17,270:  Abraham  bar Dashandad ...
9
...secutions survive, especially for the former (some of these are by a certain Abgar ; there is also an account in Theodoret ’s Eccl... ...eventually martyred in 542), the learned Cath.  Aba  (540–552), two women martyrs, Shirin (558/9) and G... ... great popularity in Greek and Latin. The earliest and most detailed information about  persecution and martyrdoms in Nagran ... ...solated martyrdoms and the majority of martyrdoms took place under the early Abbasids , in particular during the caliphates of al-Manṣūr (754–75) and al-Mahdī (77... ... Shemʿun II, Mafryono of Ṭur ʿAbdin  (1740). Records, if they exist, of massacres and m... ... Shlemun Henno, Gunḥe d-Suryoye d-Ṭur  ʿAbdin  (1987).  ʿAbdmshiḥo  Naʿman d-Qarahbash, Dmo zliḥo (1987, 1989; GT 2002). ... ... Naʿman Aydin, Gedše w-šabṭe d-Ṭur  ʿAbdin  (1997). Asmar al-Khoury, Ṣulfoto qašyoto d-ʿal ...
10
al-Ṣalīb, Dayr Dayro da-Ṣlibo, Monastery of the Cross [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Hidemi Takahashi URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/al-Salib-Dayr
...tp://syriaca.org/place/68 place Monastery and village in Ṭur ʿAbdin . Dayro da-Ṣlibo, Monastery of the Cross [Syr.... ...rth.] Monastery and village in Ṭur ʿAbdin  . Dayr al-Ṣalīb, also called the Monastery of Beth ... ... Barṣawmo . After the Syr. Orth. diocese of Ṭur ʿAbdin  was divided into those of Qarṭmin and Ḥaḥ in 1088, the bishops of Ḥaḥ regul... ...aḥ and Dayro da-Ṣlibo continued as a bishopric under the patriarchate of Ṭur ʿAbdin . The last metropolitan of Dayr al-Ṣalīb, Antimus Yaʿqub of Esfes, was kille... ...aḥ and Dayro da-Ṣlibo continued as a bishopric under the patriarchate of Ṭur ʿAbdin . The last metropolitan of Dayr al-Ṣalīb, Antimus Yaʿqub of Esfes, was kille... ...aḥ and Dayro da-Ṣlibo continued as a bishopric under the patriarchate of Ṭur ʿAbdin . The last metropolitan of Dayr al-Ṣalīb, Antimus Yaʿqub of Esfes, was kille... ...aḥ and Dayro da-Ṣlibo continued as a bishopric under the patriarchate of Ṭur ʿAbdin . The last metropolitan of Dayr al-Ṣalīb, Antimus Yaʿqub of Esfes, was kille... ...es and itself became a village in the 19th cent. In 1892, O. H. Parry found  about  twenty Syrian families’ living within the monastery with ‘their flocks’. Th...
11
ʿAbdishoʿ bar Bahrīz (fl. first quarter of 9th cent.) [Ch. of E]Contributor: Barbara H. Roggema URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abdisho-bar-Bahriz
 ʿAbdishoʿ  ... bar Bahrīz https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Abdisho -bar-Bahriz http://syriaca.org/bibl/13 4 ... ... ‘Bahrīz’ reveals his Persian descent. Ḥabīb was probably his given name and ʿAbdishoʿ  his ecclesiastical name. Most of our information  about   ʿAbdishoʿ  derives from Muslim sources, most importantly from Ibn al-Nadīm, who mentio... ...ic and philosophy, and that he wrote commentaries on classical works for the Abbasid  ...ic and philosophy, and that he wrote commentaries on classical works for the about   ʿAbdishoʿ  derives from Muslim sources, most importantly from Ibn al-Nadīm, who mentio...
12
Abraham of Kashkar (ca. 500–588) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abraham-of-Kashkar
 Abraham  ... of Kashkar https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Abraham -of-Kashkar http://syriaca.org/bibl/24 15 ... ... http://syriaca.org/person/320 person Monk, founder and abbot  of the ‘Great Monastery’ on Mount Izla. ... ... (ca. 500–588) [Ch. of E.] Monk, founder and abbot  ... of the ‘Great Monastery’ on Mount Izla. Several biographical accounts of Abraham’s  ... life have been preserved, but since their primary goal was to establish Abraham’s  ... life have been preserved, but since their primary goal was to establish Abraham’s  ... life have been preserved, but since their primary goal was to establish Abraham’s 
13
Abraham of Nathpar (late 6th – early 7th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Jeff W. Childers URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abraham-of-Nathpar
 Abraham  ... of Nathpar https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Abraham -of-Nathpar http://syriaca.org/bibl/25 16 ... ...ly 7th cent.) [Ch. of E.] Monastic author. Very little is known about  the life of  Abraham . ‘Nathpar’ (in some sources, ‘Nephtar’, or ‘Nephrath’) appears to be the sa... the life of  Abraham . ‘Nathpar’ (in some sources, ‘Nephtar’, or ‘Nephrath’) appears to be the sa... the life of  Abraham . ‘Nathpar’ (in some sources, ‘Nephtar’, or ‘Nephrath’) appears to be the sa... ... Mosul in Iraq, and may designate either Abraham’s  ... birthplace or the site of his monastery.  Abraham  flourished during the period of monastic revival sweeping the Ch. of E. due...
14
Gabriel, Monastery of Mor Monastery of QarṭminContributor: Andrew N. Palmer URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Gabriel-Monastery-of-Mor
... http://syriaca.org/place/226 place Famous monastery in Tur Abdin , founded in the late fourth century.not a summary ... ...rsian raiders on the southern escarpment of Ṭur ʿAbdin  , which rises from the Plain of ... ...tion must be connected with the Roman frontier-garrison in the Castle of Tur ʿAbdin  built after the Persian raid of 350. The Christian soldiers in the castle h... ...p. when the Persian Conquest created vacancies on four sees in the area; the abbot  of Qarṭmin was asked to fill them all until suitable men could be found for... ...ked to fill them all until suitable men could be found for those outside Ṭur ʿAbdin  .... By the time of the Arab Conquest, in 639/40, the abbot  of Qarṭmin, now Gabriel of Beth Qustan (Bequsyone), was managing two dioces... ...ustan (Bequsyone), was managing two dioceses from his monastery: that of Ṭur ʿAbdin  and that of Dara. No doubt the success with which he negotiated a treaty wi... ...f later generations. When his Life came to be written, little was remembered about  him, which shows that it took time for him to acquire the reputation of a s...
15
...ccording to one estimate, Syriac loan words in the Arabic Qurʾān account for about  seventy percent of the foreign vocabulary in the text (Mingana). This state... ...ing Christians in his era, in the region of Ṭur ʿAbdin  , that ‘the gates were opened to them to [enter] Islam ... ...thor told of the monk’s interactions with Muḥammad, including their dialogue about  the major topics of Christian/Muslim controversy (Roggema). This ingenious ... ...e earliest of them were the ‘Melkite’ Theodoros Abū  Qurra (ca. 755-ca. 830), the ‘Jacobite’ Ḥabīb ... ... Qurra (ca. 755-ca. 830), the ‘Jacobite’ Ḥabīb b. Khidma Abū  Rāʾiṭa (d. ca. 851), and the ‘Nestorian’ ʿAmmār al-Baṣrī (fl. ... ...t, but where he also engaged in conversations with Muslim scholars. He tells about  his experiences and recounts his conversations in several of his Syriac let... ... letters addressed to Christians in the environs of Baṣra he offers advice  about  how to discuss Christology in a Muslim dominated milieu (Griffith 2007). In... ... letters addressed to Christians in the environs of Baṣra he offers advice  about  how to discuss Christology in a Muslim dominated milieu (Griffith 2007). In...
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Maphrian Catholicos [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Maphrian
...nam IV (1839–59). After his death, the Maphrianate, by now titular only, was abolished  .... 2. Maphrianate of Ṭur ʿAbdin  . This Maphrianate was under the jurisdiction of th... ... Maphrianate was under the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Ṭur ʿAbdin . The first Maphrian was Baselios Malki of ... ...95. It is not clear to what extent the Maphrian held jurisdiction within Ṭur ʿAbdin . The last of the Maphrians of this line was Baselios  ʿAbd  al-Aḥad of Anhil (1821–1844) who was killed by Kurds in March 1844. ... . The last of the Maphrians of this line was Baselios  ʿAbd  al-Aḥad of Anhil (1821–1844) who was killed by Kurds in March 1844. ... . The last of the Maphrians of this line was Baselios  ʿAbd  al-Aḥad of Anhil (1821–1844) who was killed by Kurds in March 1844. ... ...om his successor Patr.  ʿAbdulmasīḥ  II around 1902, but the latter strongly refuse...
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Abraham bar Dashandad (8th cent.) [E.-Syr.]Contributor: Herman G. B. Teule URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abraham-bar-Dashandad
 Abraham  ... bar Dashandad https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Abraham -bar-Dashandad http://syriaca.org/bibl/21 12 ... ... , known as the Upper Monastery. According to  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha , he was the author of a Book of ... ... Timotheos I , a certain Abraham , who may have been  Abraham  bar Dashandad, was also active as a copyist of works of ... , who may have been  Abraham  bar Dashandad, was also active as a copyist of works of ... , who may have been  Abraham  bar Dashandad, was also active as a copyist of works of ... , who may have been  Abraham  bar Dashandad, was also active as a copyist of works of ...
18
Iyob of Edessa Job of Edessa, Ayyūb al-Ruhāwī (2nd half of 8th cent.ca. 835?) [Ch. of E. or Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Barbara H. Roggema URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Iyob-of-Edessa
...ator, and physician, active in Iraq in the first Abbasid  cent. Job of Edessa, Ayyūb al-Ruhāwī (2nd hal... ... Natural philosopher, translator, and physician, active in Iraq in the first  Abbasid  cent., nicknamed ‘al- Abrash ’, or ‘the Spotted’. The exact dates of his life are not known, but scholars... ...estimate that he lived between 760 and 835. He was active in the time of the Abbasid  caliph al-Maʾmūn (r. 813–33). Both Iyob and his son Ibrāhīm worked as physi... ...estimate that he lived between 760 and 835. He was active in the time of the Abbasid  caliph al-Maʾmūn (r. 813–33). Both Iyob and his son Ibrāhīm worked as physi... ...estimate that he lived between 760 and 835. He was active in the time of the Abbasid  caliph al-Maʾmūn (r. 813–33). Both Iyob and his son Ibrāhīm worked as physi... ... Both Iyob and his son Ibrāhīm worked as physicians in the entourage of the  Abbasid  family. Iyob was sent by al-Maʾmūn to Khurasan to serve as  ʿAbd  Allāh b. Ṭāhir’s physician, when the latter became governor there in the ...
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Masʿūd of Ṭur ʿAbdin (ca. 1430/1–1509?) [ Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Herman G. B. Teule URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Masud-of-Tur-Abdin
Masʿūd of Ṭur  ʿAbdin  ... https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Masud-of-Tur Abdin  http://syriaca.org/bibl/372 363 ... ...://syriaca.org/person/279 person Author, monk, and solitary, abbot  of the Monastery of the Cross (Dayr al-Ṣalīb) near Ḥaḥ (ca. 1462/3–1480/1),... ... (ca. 1430/1–1509?) [ Syr. Orth.] Author, monk, and solitary, abbot  of the Monastery of the Cross ( Dayr al-Ṣal... ...identifies him with the Patr. Masʿūd of Ṭur  ʿAbdin  (d. 1509). Masʿūd was a vigorous promotor of monastic life ... ... (d. 1509). Masʿūd was a vigorous promotor of monastic life in Ṭur ʿAbdin . He is the author of the elpo ruḥonoyto ‘the Spiritual Boat’, a work intend... ... he appointed a maphr. and twelve bishops for Ṭur ʿAbdin , which caused much confusion. According to Barsoum, some senior bishops den... ... Emir of Ḥesno d-Kifo, who confined him to a monastery. As a result he  abdicated  and ordered his followers not to appoint a new ...
20
Nisibis Nṣibin, NusaybinContributor: Hidemi Takahashi URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Nisibis
... from Mount Izla, or the southern slopes of Ṭur ʿAbdin  , on to the Mesopotamian plain just north of Nisibi... ... Malkon (before 1222–47?), and  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha . When, between 1482 and 1489, Syr. ... ...482 and 1489, Syr. Orth. Patr. Ignatius Sobo of Ṭur ʿAbdin  attempted to gain control of the churches of St. Jacob and St. Domitius, th... ... 1616. The first appearance of a Syr. Orth. bishop of Nisibis  Abraham , 631) may be connected with the Roman advances made in the area under Emper... .... The church of St. Febronia (4th cent. martyr) is now the Mosque of Zayn al ʿĀbidīn . See Fig. 92. Sources ... ... H.  Anschütz, Die syrischen Christen vom Tur  ʿAbdin  (1984), 108–112. G.  Bell (and M. M.  Mango), The churches and ... ...G.  Bell (and M. M.  Mango), The churches and monasteries of the Ṭur ʿAbdin  (1982), 142–5. W. Cramer, in LThK ...
21
Shemʿun II, Basileios (ca. 1670–1740) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Shemun-II-Basileios
... http://syriaca.org/person/291 person Writer, maph. of Ṭur ʿAbdin  (1710–40), and martyr. (ca. 1670–1740) [Syr. ... ... [Syr. Orth.] Writer, maph. of Ṭur ʿAbdin  (1710–40), and martyr. He was born in Beth Manʿem ... ...r al-Zaʿfarān . He was consecrated maph. for Ṭur ʿAbdin  in 1710 by Patr. Isḥoq ʿAza... ...ʿun temporarily retired from the responsibilities of the maphrianate without abdicating , preferring the life of a ḥbišoyo at Dayro d-Mor Yaʿqub. In 1725, he ... ... of a ḥbišoyo at Dayro d-Mor Yaʿqub. In 1725, he brought about  a reconciliation between the Patriarchate of Ṭur  ʿAbdin , upon the death of its Patr. Ignatius Denḥo, with the mainstream Patriarcha... a reconciliation between the Patriarchate of Ṭur  ʿAbdin , upon the death of its Patr. Ignatius Denḥo, with the mainstream Patriarcha... a reconciliation between the Patriarchate of Ṭur  ʿAbdin , upon the death of its Patr. Ignatius Denḥo, with the mainstream Patriarcha...
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Aba I (d. 552) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Aba-I
 Aba  ... I https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Aba -I http://syriaca.org/bibl/10 1 ... ... (540–52). Born from Zoroastrian parents, Aba  converted to Christianity and studied at the School of Nisibis. He traveled to the Roman Empire and... ...ed as his successor in 540. In 544 an itinerant synod was held, during which Aba , accompanied by a changing number of bishops, visited several dioceses, man... ...s, which are related to this ecclesiastical visitation and, more broadly, to Aba’s  reforms: 1. on reform of church governance; 2. on the orthodox faith; 3. on... ... ecclesiastical hierarchy; 6. a letter entitled Practica (fragments); 7. canons (1–40; incomplete). Aba  came into conflict with the Persian authorities and spent several of his ye... ... in prison and in exile. The sources attribute to Aba  several commentaries on OT and NT books, of which only fragments exist in l... ...a.  550 wrote his ‘Christian Topography’. Cosmas (in Book II.2) acknowledges Aba , whom he calls Patrikios (derived from the Greek word for ‘father’), as his...
23
...abar, the result was that Thondanatta was consecrated later that year as Mar ʿAbdishoʿ  by Mar Shemʿon Rubel, the ... ...wo Middle Eastern metropolitans to Trichur, Mar  Abimalek  Timotheus (1908–45) and Mar ... ... Mar Aprem idem , Mar Abimalek  Timotheus (1975). ... ... Mar Aprem idem , Mar ʿAbdishoʿ  Thondanat (1987). ...
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Dadishoʿ Qaṭraya (late 7th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Dadisho-Qatraya
...g the monastic practice of retreats for seven weeks in solitude; a Letter to Abkosh , also on Stillness, and various short texts concerning the spiritual life. ... ...rvives), Arabic, and Ethiopic. There is also a fragment of his Commentary on Abba  Isaiah in Sogdian. ... ... A.  Guillaumont and M. Albert, ‘Lettre de Dadishoʿ Qatraya à  Abkosh  sur l’Hesychia’, in Mémorial A-J. Festugière, ed. E.  Lucchesi ... ...gière, ed. E.  Lucchesi and H. D. Saffrey (1984), 235–45. (Letter to Abkosh ) A.  Mingana, ‘Early Christian Mystics’, Woodbrooke Studies 7 (1934), 7... ... Secondary Sources L.  Abramowski  ..., ‘Dadisho Qatraya and his Commentary on the Book of  Abbas  Isaiah’, Harp 4 (1991), 67–83. R. A.  K... ..., ‘Dadisho Qatraya and his Commentary on the Book of  Abbas  Isaiah’, Harp 4 (1991), 67–83. R. A.  K... ..., ‘Dadisho Qatraya and his Commentary on the Book of  Abbas  Isaiah’, Harp 4 (1991), 67–83. R. A.  K...
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... Adiabene , we have no information about  them). The notes per se are not historiography, but they could be used to c... ...historiography, but they could be used to construct a narrative of some kind about  the past. After the end of the kingdom of Osrhoene, the materials from the ... ...historiography, but they could be used to construct a narrative of some kind about  the past. After the end of the kingdom of Osrhoene, the materials from the ... ...ed material from the creation of the world (Eusebius started his canons from Abraham ) and continued its narrative up to their time. These chronicles were transl... ... translated into Syriac, and has been preserved both in excerpts and in an  abbreviated  form (not published). Whether works of other continuators of Eusebius, Sozo... ...yriac, the genre difference between chronicle and ecclesiastical history was abolished . It does not mean however that short chronicles were no longer composed. The ... ...s a simple work of universal history, but after the epoch of Constantine the abundance  of material to be dealt with caused the author to divide it into two parts,... ... Nisibis (see below) and from  ʿAbdishoʿ  Bar Brikha , the author of the so-called ‘Catal...
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Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq (808–873) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Aaron M. Butts URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Hunayn-b-Ishaq
... Physician, philosopher, theologian, and translator. His full name is Abū  Zayd Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq b. Sulaymān b. Ayyūb al-ʿIbādī, and he was known in me... ...l role that he played in the Graeco-Arabic translation movement of the early Abbasid  period (in general, see Gutas). His translation activity was carried out in... ...thor in his own right. In his ʿUyūn al-ʾanbāʾ fī ṭabaqāt al-ʾaṭibbā, Ibn Abī  ... Uṣaybiʿa (d. 1270) attributes 111 works to Ḥunayn (ed. A. Müller, Ibn Abi  Useibia [1884], 184–200). Most of Ḥunayn’s works are in the field of medici... ...l points’ (Kitāb al-nuqaṭ). In his ‘Catalogue’,  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha (d. 1318) also attributes a grammar to ... ... G. C.  Anawati and A. Z.  Iskandar, ‘Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq al-ʿIbādī,  Abū  Zayd’, in Dictionary of scientific biography, vol. 15. Suppleme... ...dāb al-Falāsifah: The pursuit of wisdom and a humane polity in early Abbasid  Baghdad’, in Malphono w-Rabo d-Malphone, ed. Kiraz (2008), 135–60. ... ... M.  Salama-Carr, La traduction à l’époque  abbasside . L’école de Ḥunayn Ibn Isḥāq et son importance pour la traducti...
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... Cath. Mar  Aba  I (d. 552), to Sh... ...shoʿ bar Nun (d. 828),  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Bahrīz (early 9th cent.), and ... ... Nisibis (bar Shinaya, d. 1046). While the lawbooks of Aba   I, Shemʿon of Rev Ardashir, Ishoʿbokht, Ḥenanishoʿ I, Timotheos I, and Ish... ... included in E. Sachau’s Syrische Rechtsbücher (1907–14), and the one by ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Bahrīz was edited by W. Selb (1970), the lawbooks of Gewargis of Arbela... ... Yoḥannan bar  Abgare  (ca. 900), its authorship remains uncertain. 3. Eccles... ... collections of this type are preserved, both by  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha : his ‘Nomocanon’ (Kunnāšā d-qānone ... ...and W.-Syr. juridical traditions reached their fullest development, those of ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha and Bar ʿEbroyo, have remained authoritative to the present day,... ...n von Nicaea bis Chalcedon nebst einigen zugehörigen Dokumenten  Abhandlungen  der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. Philo...
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Mardin MardeContributor: Hidemi Takahashi URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Mardin
...ns as the first bp. of Mardin a certain Christopher named in the Life of Mor Abḥai . Historically more certain is Daniel ʿUzoyo,  abbot  of Qarṭmin (see Monastery of Mor Gabriel ... . Historically more certain is Daniel ʿUzoyo,  abbot  of Qarṭmin (see Monastery of Mor Gabriel ... ...de metropolitan of Tella, Mardin, Dara, and Ṭur ʿAbdin  in 614/5. Until the 12th cent., the see of Mardin ... ... H.  Anschütz, Die syrischen Christen vom Tur ʿAbdin  (1984), 143–150. G.  Akyüz, Mardin ili’nin merkezinde civar ... ... , 335. E.  Keser, Tur Abdin . Süryani Ortodoks dini mimarisi (Istanbul, 2002), 81–92. (on the ch...
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... III. Syriac-Orthodox Christianity centered around Ṭur ʿAbdin  — ... ... — H. Aydin, Das Mönchtum im Tur Abdin  .... Das Leben der Mönche im Tur Abdin  in der Gegenwart (1988). (two maps) ... .... Das Leben der Mönche im Tur Abdin  in der Gegenwart (1988). (two maps) ... .... Das Leben der Mönche im Tur Abdin  in der Gegenwart (1988). (two maps) ... .... Das Leben der Mönche im Tur Abdin  in der Gegenwart (1988). (two maps) ... ...mer, Monk and mason on the Tigris frontier. The early history of Ṭur ʿAbdin  (University of Cambridge Oriental Publications 39; 1990). ... ... Map III. Syriac-Orthodox Christianity centered around Ṭur ʿAbdin . https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/map/iii ...
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... Map III. Syriac-Orthodox Christianity centered around Ṭur ʿAbdin . https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/map/iii ...
31
... 8  Abbeloos  ... and Lamy, Gregorii Barhebraei chronicon ecclesiasticum = J. B. Abbeloos  and T. J. Lamy, Gregorii Barhebraei chronicon ecclesiasticum, 1–2 (3 vo... ... 1–2 (3 vols.; 1872–1877).  Abūna , Adab =  Ab  Albīr  Abūna , Adab al-lugha al-ārāmiyya (1970). Assemani, BibOr = J. S.... Albīr  Abūna , Adab al-lugha al-ārāmiyya (1970). Assemani, BibOr = J. S.... Albīr  Abūna , Adab al-lugha al-ārāmiyya (1970). Assemani, BibOr = J. S.... ...culture. The Graeco-Arabic translation movement in Baghdad and early ʿAbbasid  society (2nd – 4th /8th – 10th centuries) (1998). ...
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ʿAbdullāh II Saṭṭūf (1834–1915) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abdullah-II-Sattuf
 ʿAbdullāh  ... II Saṭṭūf https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Abdullah -II-Sattuf http://syriaca.org/bibl/17 8 ... ... (1906–15). Born in Ṣadad of deacon Jirjis b. ʿAbdullāh  Saṭṭūf and Nasra b. Ḥanna al-Tawīl. He joined Dayr ... ... priesthood after two weeks. In 1870, he toured the area of Ṭur ʿAbdin  and recorded the names of villages, monasteries, c... ... Jerusalem on 3 Sept. 1872 by Patr. Peṭros IV and was named Gregorius.  ʿAbdullāh  accompanied the Patr. ... ... patr. from India, ʿAbdullāh  stayed for two more years before going back to London where he secured a pr... ...on where he secured a printing press for Dayr al-Zaʿfarān. After his return, ʿAbdullāh  ...on where he secured a printing press for Dayr al-Zaʿfarān. After his return, ʿAbdullāh 
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Abgar the Hagiographer (early 5th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abgar-the-Hagiographer
 Abgar  ... the Hagiographer https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Abgar -the-Hagiographer http://syriaca.org/bibl/19 10 ... ... http://syriaca.org/person/315 person  Abgar  is named as the author of the martyrdom of Hor... ... (early 5th cent.) [Ch. of E.]  Abgar  is named as the author of the martyrdom of Hormizd and his nine companions ... ... , and of Yaʿqub the Notary — must also have been written by Abgar . These four martyr texts are grouped together in ms. Berlin, Or. oct. 1257 ... ... , and in the proximity of a monastery to which in all likelihood Abgar  belonged. The ‘cycle of  Abgar ’, as Devos has named it, must have been composed between 421 and 424 (prior... belonged. The ‘cycle of  Abgar ’, as Devos has named it, must have been composed between 421 and 424 (prior...
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Abraham bar Lipeh (7th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abraham-bar-Lipeh
 Abraham  ... bar Lipeh https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Abraham -bar-Lipeh http://syriaca.org/bibl/22 13 ... ... http://syriaca.org/person/318 person Author of an abbreviated  Commentary on the Liturgy. (7th cent.) [Ch. o... ... (7th cent.) [Ch. of E.] Author of an abbreviated  Commentary on the Liturgy. Virtually nothing is known of his life. It is pr... ... ), and it is likely that he belongs to the 7th cent.  Abraham’s  ... liturgical commentary turns out to be very largely just an  abbreviation  of that by Gabriel. He is often cited by name in the Anonymous Commentary w... ... liturgical commentary turns out to be very largely just an  abbreviation  of that by Gabriel. He is often cited by name in the Anonymous Commentary w... ... liturgical commentary turns out to be very largely just an  abbreviation  of that by Gabriel. He is often cited by name in the Anonymous Commentary w...
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Babai the Great (ca. 551–628) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Babai-the-Great
... studied at the School of Nisibis under  Abraham  of Beth Rabban . He subsequently became a monk ... ...onk of the ‘Great Monastery’, founded in 571 by  Abraham  of Kashkar (d. 588). Later, he moved to Beth Z... ...he Great Monastery, where he had been appointed  Abbot   abbot  , in succession to Dadishoʿ. During the interregnum ... ... features in a late collection of Christological texts (ed. with ET by L.  Abramowski  and A. Goodman, Nestorian Christological Texts [1972], vol. 1, 207–9 [S... ... A large number of other works by Babai have not survived (  ʿAbdishoʿ  states that he wrote ‘83 volumes’ in all). ... ... Sources L.  Abramowski , ‘Babai der Grosse: christologische Probleme und ihre Lösungen’, ...
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Bar ʿEdta, Rabban (d. 611 or 621) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Bar-Edta-Rabban
... http://syriaca.org/person/366 person Disciple of Abraham  of Kashkar; monastic leader. (d. 611 or 621) ... ...11 or 621) [Ch. of E.] Disciple of  Abraham  of Kashkar ; monastic leader. Bar ʿEdta is cred... ...monks. Bar ʿEdta’s life is known primarily through a metrical composition by Abraham  Zabaya (from the region near the river Zab), who wrote at the request of th... ...region near the river Zab), who wrote at the request of the metropolitan Bp. ʿAbdishoʿ  ... (who might have been  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Bahrīz , even though it cannot be ruled out... ...ugh it cannot be ruled out that we are dealing with an 11th-cent. namesake). Abraham  mentions as his main source a prose narrative by Bar ʿEdta’s disciple Yoḥan... ...ersian and Rabban Bar-ʿIdtâ (2 vols; 1902, repr. 1976), vol. I, 113–202  Abraham’s  ... text; Syr.); vol. II.1, 161–304  Abraham’s  text; ET). Fiey, Assyrie chrétienne, vol. 1, 26...
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Beth  ʿAbe  ..., Monastery of https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Beth Abe -Monastery-of http://syriaca.org/bibl/105 96 ... ...riaca.org/bibl/105 96 Monastery of Beth ʿAbe  http://syriaca.org/place/223 place Famo... .../6 by Yaʿqub, a monk of the ‘Great Monastery’ of Abraham  of Kashkar (on the mountain ... ...6 by Yaʿqub, a monk of the ‘Great Monastery’ of  Abraham  of Kashkar (on the mountain of Izla), who orig... ... Budge); it must have been in or near an earlier inhabited site named Beth  ʿAbe  since Bethaba is mentioned in Ptolemy’s ‘Geography’ (VI.1.4). The history o... ...o 832 is exceptionally well documented thanks to the account of its first 20 abbots  by Toma of Marga , him... ... Toma of Marga , himself originally a monk of Beth ʿAbe . The monastery was especially flourishing in the mid 7th cent. when the fut...
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Dawid Puniqoyo Dāwūd al-Ḥimṣī (ca. 1431 – ca. 1500) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Aaron M. Butts URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Dawid-Puniqoyo
...th cent. According to traditional biographical sources, he was born Dawid b. ʿAbd  al-Karīm b. Ṣalāḥ in al-Qaryatayn in 1431. At a young age, he moved to ... ... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 582–4. Barsoum, Scattered pearls, 503–5. A. ... ..., 40–2 (LT). A.  Vööbus, ‘Die Entdeckung des Psalmenkommentars des Dawid bar ʿAbd  al-Karim’, ZAW ... ... , ‘Discovery of the Mēmrē of David the Phoenician’, Abr -Nahrain 21 (1982–3), 66–9. ...
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Dionysios of Tel Maḥre (d. 845) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Witold Witakowski URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Dionysios-of-Tel-Mahre
... At the very beginning of his pontificate he had to face opposition from  Abraham , whom Dionysios calls  Abiram  ( cp. cf. Num. 16)... , whom Dionysios calls  Abiram  ( cp. cf. Num. 16)... ... his followers of the Monastery of Gubba Barraya. The group was schismatic  Abraham  ordained his own bishops), but also held dissenting views in the matter of ... ...cretion of every bp. However not even this tolerant solution was accepted by Abraham’s  group. Dionysios however succeeded in appeasing at least the people and ... ...the people and monks of the diocese of Cyrrhus, who previously had supported Abraham . The latter repeatedly presented himself to the Muslim authorities as the ... ...the people and monks of the diocese of Cyrrhus, who previously had supported Abraham . The latter repeatedly presented himself to the Muslim authorities as the ... ...itimate bishops would not be officially approved by the Muslims. In this way Abraham  no longer presented a threat to Dionysios’s authority or the unity of the C...
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...g), and Marrassini (1990, 38–9; 1999, 328–9) has raised additional questions about  some of the purported Syriac loanwords in Geʿez while at the same time ... ... attributed to Ephrem are extracted in the Hāymānota  ābaw  ‘Faith of the Fathers’, which is a large compendium of patristic writings, ... ...emʿun Quqoyo . The legend of Abgar  V Ukkama (see  Abgarids ), which is found in Syriac in the Teaching of A... ... Burdʿoyo (d. 578) is preserved in Geʿez in the Hāymānota ābaw  (ed. with GT Cornill; see J. Tubach, in EAe , ... ...ac writings of Isḥaq as well as four homilies by Yoḥannan of Dalyatha and an abbreviated  version of the ‘Letter to Patricius’ by Philoxenos of Mabbug. Thus, althoug... ...iac exegetical homilies are also extant in Geʿez. The Syriac verse homily on Abraham  and Sarah in Egypt (ed. with ET S. P. Brock and S. Hopkins, ‘A verse homily... ...d Sarah in Egypt (ed. with ET S. P. Brock and S. Hopkins, ‘A verse homily on Abraham  and Sarah in Egypt: Syriac original with early Arabic translation’, ...
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Marutha of Maypherqaṭ (4th/5th cent.)Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Marutha-of-Maypherqat
... life in Armenian (ed. Marcus), Greek (ed. J. Noret, in  AB  91 [1973], 77–103), and Arabic (Chronicle of ... ... Isḥaq , the bp. of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, were able  to get the Shah’s permission to convene a synod there, at which the Council... ...ropolis d’après Ibn al-Azraq (d.1181)’,  AB  94 (1976), 35–45. R.  Marcus, ‘The Armenian Li... ...sions perses à Maroutha de Maypherqat’,  AB  97 (1979), 129–30. ...
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Sayfo Firman, Seferberlik, SeyfoContributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Sayfo
...f Cizre, in the Hakkari region, having sided with the Russians in 1916, were abandoned  after the Russian Revolution (1917), and were driven out by the Ottoman arm... ... al-naṣārā (1919). J. Beit-Sawoce, Sayfo b-Tur ʿAbdin  1914–1915 (2006). Brock and Taylor, Hidden ... ...ernichtung der Syro-Aramäer im Tur  Abdin   ʿAbdin  1915 (2005). (translation from Syriac ...
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Shemʿon bar Ṣabbaʿe (d. 341 or 344) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Shemon-bar-Sabbae
... ʿAggai (d. between 327 and 335), but nothing is known about  his tenure as bp. prior to his arrest. His name ‘son of the dyers’ may refe... ...of the dyers’ may refer to the profession of textile dying. Our main sources about  Shemʿon are two interrelated Syriac texts: 1. the ‘Martyrdom of Shemʿon’ (f... ... bar Sabbaʿe and the “Great Massacre” ’,  AB  117 (1999), 9–47. P. Devos, ‘Sozomène ... ...ques de S. Syméon bar Sabbāʿe’,  AB  84 (1966), 443–56. Fiey, Saints syriaq...
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... Legend of the Sleepers of Ephesus work A legend about  seven young Christian men who during the period of the persecution of the ... ... . The Legend tells about  seven (in Syriac most often eight) young Christian men who during the perio... ...fer sacrifice to pagan gods, and taking advantage of the emperor’s temporary absence  from Ephesus, escaped to the mountains outside the city, where they hid in ... ...fer sacrifice to pagan gods, and taking advantage of the emperor’s temporary absence  from Ephesus, escaped to the mountains outside the city, where they hid in ... ...fer sacrifice to pagan gods, and taking advantage of the emperor’s temporary absence  from Ephesus, escaped to the mountains outside the city, where they hid in ... ...und already in the ‘Rest of the Words of Jeremiah’, 5:1 (2nd cent. AD) where Abimelek  the ‘Ethiopian’ ( i.e. i.e., ... ...wed that the original must have been Greek. As mentioned above , the Legend of the Sleepers of Ephesus was also known in the West in the Mi... ...] P. Peeters, ‘Le Martyrologe de Rabban Sliba’,  AB  27 [1908], 166). ...
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Sobo, Ignatius (d. 1389) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Sobo-Ignatius
.... patr. of Ṭur ʿAbdin . (d. 1389) [Syr. Orth.] ... ... patr. of Ṭur ʿAbdin  ... . Little is known about  his life. While he was bp. of Ṣalaḥ under the honorific name Baselios, Patr... ... time accompanied by a delegation of bishops, priests, and notables from Ṭur ʿAbdin , but the Patr... .... patr. of Ṭur ʿAbdin . Sobo received a diploma confirming his Patriarchate from the Ayyubid ruler... ...he 1600-year history of the Monastery of Qartmin (Mor Gabriyel)’, in Tur Abdin : living cultural heritage, ed. H. Hollerweger (1999), 45. ...
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... Syr.-Coptic glossaries written on wooden boards, found in the kitchen of an abandoned  house at Kellis in the Dakhla Oasis of Egypt (Frnazmann and Gardner).not a ... ... Syr.-Coptic glossaries written on wooden boards, found in the kitchen of an abandoned  house at Kellis in the Dakhla Oasis of Egypt (Franzmann and Gardner). These... ... (809–73; see Hoffmann 1880 with Gottheil 1887, 61*–67*; 1889), Abdochus  (12th cent.), Bar ʿEbroyo (1225–86; ... ... (1225–86; see Martin), and  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha (d. 1318). The ... ...ning alphabetic lists of words and their glosses, were produced in 9th-cent. Abbasid  Baghdad by profession... ... and Bernstein, and middle-eastern lexica, both the medieval texts mentioned above  and the 1619 lexicon of the Maronite George Karmsedinoyo, and contains nume... ... Ritter, Ṭūrōyo. Die Volkssprache der syrischen Christen des Ṭūr Abdîn . B: Wörterbuch (1979). (does not include verbs) ...
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Toma of Edessa (mid-6th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Adam H. Becker URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Toma-of-Edessa
... http://syriaca.org/person/795 person Affiliate of Mar Aba  and teacher at School of Nisibis; author of two ‘Explanations’ of liturgical feasts. ... ... An E.-Syr. student of the Cath. Mar  Aba  I (d. 552) associated with the School of ... ...s. He is probably not the same Toma of Edessa who is supposed to have taught Aba  Greek as well as traveled with him to the West. Furthermore, he has been co... ...s only in ms. form. Along with these two texts,  ʿAbdishoʿ  attributes to him a refutation of astrology, ‘hortatory ... ... Primary Sources  Abbeloos  and Lamy, Gregorii Barhebraei chronicon ecclesiasticum, vol. 2,...
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Toma of Marga (9th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Witold Witakowski URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Toma-of-Marga
... http://syriaca.org/person/796 person E.-Syr. abbot  and bp., the author of a monastic history. ... ... (9th cent.) [Ch. of E.] E.-Syr. abbot  and bp., the author of a monastic history. Toma son of Yaʿqob, was born in ... ...’ he became a monk in the Monastery of Beth ʿAbe  (‘The Forest Monastery’), in Marga, ca 100 km. nor... ...holicoi of the E.-Syr. Church hailed. When in the year 837 a former monk and abbot  of Beth  ʿAbe ,  Abraham ,  ʿAbe ,  Abraham 
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Yaḥyā b. ʿAdī (893/4–974) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Aaron M. Butts URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yahya-b-Adi
... Translator, philosopher, logician, and theologian. His full name is Abū  Zakariyyā Yaḥyā b. ʿAdī b. Ḥamīd b. Zakariyyā (some mss. copied in Iran add... ...church of Mār Tūmā in Baghdad. He was a student of the Ch. of E. philosopher Abū  ... Bishr Mattā b. Yūnus (d. ca. 940) and the celebrated Muslim philosopher Abū  Naṣr al-Fārābī (d. ca. 950). Yaḥyā had a number of prominent students, both... ...minent students, both Christians and Muslims. His Christian students include Abū  ʿAlī ʿĪsā b. Zurʿa (d. 1008) and al-Ḥasan b. Suwār b. al-Khammār (d. after ... ...bn al-Ṭayyib (d. 1043). His Muslim students include Abū  Sulaymān al-Sijistānī (d. ca. 985), ʿĪsā b. ʿAlī (d. 1001; to be distinguis... ... the Syriac lexicographer Ishoʿ bar ʿAli ), and Abū  Ḥayyān al-Tawḥīdī (d. 1023). Like his contemporary Ibn al-Nadīm (fl. 987), ... ... min al-naṣārā ‘Refutation of the three sects of the Christians’ by  Abū  ʿĪsā Muḥammad b. Hārūn al-Warrāq (d. ca. 862) (ed. Platti 1987). Yaḥyā also... ... Primary Sources C.  Ehrig-Eggert, Die Abhandlung  über den Nachweis der Natur des Möglichen von Yaḥyā Ibn ʿAdī (g...
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Yoḥannan bar Abgare Yoḥannan bar Ḥegire; Yūḥannā b. al-Aʿraj (d. 905) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Hubert Kaufhold URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yohannan-bar-Abgare
Yoḥannan bar  Abgare  ... https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yohannan-bar Abgare  http://syriaca.org/bibl/604 595 ... ... convened in October 900 are quoted in the Nomocanon of  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha . The rest of the canons are preserv... ...ischen Recht. Das dem nestorianischen Katholikos Johannes V. bar Aḇgārē  zugeschriebene Rechtsbuch (1971). ...
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al-Duwayhī, Isṭifān (1630–1704) [Maron.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/al-Duwayhi-Istifan
... Sources C.  Abdallah , ‘L’architecture d’une église maronite selon le patriarche Douaihi’, ... ... 29 (2004), 61–82. M.  Abou  Diwan, ‘La figure patriarcale selon le manuscrit Vat. syr. 215 du patri... ... ParOr 30 (2005), 427–33.  Abūna  ..., Adab, 651–3. P.  Chébli [Šiblī], Tarjamat abīnā  al-maghbūṭ Isṭifānūs al-Duwayhī baṭriyark Anṭākiya (1630–1704) ...
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al-Ḥāqilānī, Ibrāhīm Abraham Echellensis (d. 1664)Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/al-Haqilani-Ibrahim
... 248 Ibrāhīm al-Ḥāqilānī  Abraham  Echellensis http://syriaca.org/person/524 person ... ...riac scholar.brief  Abraham  Echellensis (d. 1664) Professor of Syriac and Arabic, Syriac s... ...ated translation of the ‘Catalogue of books’ by  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha (1653). He also copied some Syriac ... ... B. Heyberger (ed.), Orientalisme, science et controverse: Abraham  Ecchellensis (1605–1664) (2010). G.  Levi Della Vida, Ricerche sulla formaz... ... Vaticana (SeT 92; 1949), 6, 13–22, 374–97. L.  Petit,  Abraham  Echellensis’, in DHGE , vol. 1 (1912),...
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Aba II of Kashkar (641–751) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Gerrit J. Reinink URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Aba-II-of-Kashkar
 Aba  ... II of Kashkar https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Aba -II-of-Kashkar http://syriaca.org/bibl/11 2 ... ... in 741. In the sixth year of his Catholicate a conflict between Aba  and the clergy of Seleucia-Ctesiphon arose; the latter accused the ... ...taken the possessions of the city’s School. According to a letter written by Aba  to the director, the teachers, and the other ‘brothers’ of the School, thes... ...r a year, but returned to Seleucia-Ctesiphon after the conflict was settled. Aba  is known as the author of different works which, except for ‘the Letter to ... ...of Christian tenets such as the Trinity and the Divinity of Christ. Although  Aba  is reported to have maintained as Cat... ... Baumstark, Literatur, 214–5. J.-B.  Chabot, ‘La lettre du catholicos Mar Aba  II aux membres de l’école patriarcale de Séleucie’, Actes du onzième ... ... , ‘Rhetorik in der Homilie zu Jes. 52,13–53,12 des Katholikos Mar Aba  II. von Kaškar’, in SymSyr IV, 307–16....
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Aba (ca. 400)Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Aba
 Aba  ... https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Aba  http://syriaca.org/bibl/12 3 ... ... , author, and biblical commentator. The ‘Testament of Ephrem’ mentions Aba  as the first of Ephrem’s seven disciples. He must, therefore, be the same p... ... of Ephrem’s seven disciples. He must, therefore, be the same person as ‘Mar Aba , the disciple of Ephrem’ to whom several fragments are attributed in ms. Lo... ... of Ephrem’s seven disciples. He must, therefore, be the same person as ‘Mar Aba , the disciple of Ephrem’ to whom several fragments are attributed in ms. Lo... ... of Ephrem’s seven disciples. He must, therefore, be the same person as ‘Mar Aba , the disciple of Ephrem’ to whom several fragments are attributed in ms. Lo... ... these meager remains some new texts may perhaps be added.  Aba  is explicitly quoted in a work on the Holy Chrism by Anṭun of ... ... long extract (240 lines of 7 syllables each) from a poem attributed to ‘Mar Aba , the disciple of the holy Mar Ephrem’ from ms. Sin. Syr. 67 (9th cent.). It...
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ʿAbdishoʿ of Gazarta (d. 1567) [Ch. of E., Chald.]Contributor: Herman G. B. Teule URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abdisho-of-Gazarta
 ʿAbdishoʿ  ... of Gazarta https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Abdisho -of-Gazarta http://syriaca.org/bibl/15 6 ... ... http://syriaca.org/person/311 person  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Yoḥannan d-Beth Maron, monk of the monastery of Mar Aḥa the ... ... (d. 1567) [Ch. of E., Chald.]  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Yoḥannan d-Beth Maron, monk of the monastery of Mar Aḥa the Egyptian, i... ... Recognized by the Pope, Yoḥannan ordained  ʿAbdishoʿ  ... Metr. of Gazarta. After Yoḥannan Sullaqa’s violent death in 1555,  ʿAbdishoʿ  succeeded him as Patr. ... ...haldéens, martyr de l’union avec Rome (†1555). Trois poésies inédites de ʿAbdišoʿ  de Gazerte’, Angelicum 8 (1931), 187–234. ...
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Addai, Teaching of (ca. 420)Contributor: Timothy Scott Wardle URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Addai-Teaching-of
...yriac writing containing the legendary correspondence between Jesus and King Abgar  of Edessa. (ca. 420) ... ...yriac writing containing the legendary correspondence between Jesus and King  Abgar  of Edessa , the report of the apostle Addai’s ... ...y, such as the portrait of Jesus, are missing. Eusebius’s account ends after Abgar  is healed and Thaddaios is asked to speak to the people of Edessa, a prelud... ... 18 (2004), 46–56. A. Desreumaux, Histoire du roi Abgar  et de Jésus (1993). H. J. W. Drijvers, ‘The...
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Amid Amida, Diyarbakır, OmidContributor: Hidemi Takahashi URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Amid
...After a period of persecution for the Miaphysites under the Chalcedonian Bp. Abraham  bar Kaili, a line of Miaphysite bishops was reestablished with the consecra... ... Melitene , during the tenure of Ignatius  ʿAbdullāh  I bar Sṭephanos (1521– 1557), and in 1862–71 when ... ... . The Syr. Orth. see of Amid lapsed with the demise of Metr. Dionysios ʿAbd  al-Nūr Aslan in 1933. The presence of E.-Syr. Christian... ...G.  Bell (and M. M.  Mango), The churches and monasteries of the Ṭur ʿAbdin  (1982), 23–6, 66–9, 105–9, pl. 9–30. Desreumaux...
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...anslations of philosophical and scientific works that were made in the first Abbasid  period by Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq ... ... in his discussions with the vizier al-Maghribī) that the  absence  of such translations are proof of the superiority of Syriac science and cul... ...tituted by medical texts of Greek origin, which were translated in the first Abbasid  period. Though in most cases these texts were translated directly from the ... ...e late Chald. mss., through there is no information about  the translator (for discussion, see Teule, forthcoming). ... ...-išārāt wa-al-tanbīhāt by Ibn Sīna (Syriac Ktobo d-remze wa-mʿironwoto d Abu  ʿAli bar Sīnā), in which he acknowledges the authorship of Ibn Sīnā and doe... ...n Sīnā and does justice to the Islamic context of this work, Athīr al-Dīn al Abharī’s  Zubdat al-Asrār (lost), and possibly Ibn Sinā’s ‘Medical Canon’. Bar ʿEbroy... ...veral quotations (in Syriac) from verses of the Qurʾān. We have no certainty about  a complete Syriac translation of this work, but ... ... treatises composed by Maron. or Syr. Catholic authors. The priest Yawsep  Abraham  from Rāwandūz (1832) translated the Mizān al-zamān ‘the Balance of Time...
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AramaicContributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Aramaic
..., spoken in Ṭur  ʿAbdin  , mainly by Syr. Orth. Christians. The language is now ... ... 365–77. S. A.  Kaufman, ‘Aramaic’, in  AB D, vol. 4 (1992), 173–8. E.  Lipiński, The Arame...
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... Healey; Healey; Segal). 2. Christian Architecture in Syria, Ṭur ʿAbdin , and Mesopotamia The earliest dated church in the Syr. ... ... and Aleppo. Known as the ‘Dead cities’, because they were abandoned  in the early Islamic period due to shifting patterns of economy and trade (... ...from their role as pilgrim destinations, such as the church of Qalbloze, and above  all the magnificent church of Shemʿun the ... ...from their role as pilgrim destinations, such as the church of Qalbloze, and above  all the magnificent church of Shemʿun the ... ... Aleppo). The region of Ṭur ʿAbdin  and the wider area around it also preserve some of... ...e middle of the nave and on which the liturgy of the Word was performed. The above -mentioned churches of Qirqbize, Qalbloze, and Resafa provide interesting ex... ...r the very fragmentarily preserved paintings of Emperor Constantine and King Abgar  (holding the mandylion), both of which are accompanied by Syriac inscriptio... ... bearing inscriptions in Syriac and Arabic. It was made for Bp. Athanasius Abraham  Yaghmur of Nabk in 1534–35 (Ball). 7. Syr. Christian Art in the 21st Century ...
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Awgen, Mar (fl. 4th – early 5th cent.)Contributor: Edward G. Mathews, Jr. URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Awgen-Mar
... Chabot, Livre de la Chasteté (1896). S. Chialà, Abramo  di Kashkar e la sua comunità (2005), 13–20. ... ...13–20. J.-M.  Fiey, ‘Aônês, Awun et Awgin’,  AB  80 (1962), 52–81. ...
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BaghdadContributor: Hidemi Takahashi URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Baghdad
... cath. under the  Abbasids  and the seat today of the Chald. ... ... the villages that stood on the site of the city founded by the second  Abbasid  caliph al-Manṣūr under the name of Madīnat al-Salām ‘City of Peace’ in 762.... ...n 836–92, when the caliphs resided in Sāmarrāʾ), Baghdad was the seat of the Abbasid  caliphate, and in the first half of that period was among the most prospero... ... Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq (d. 873), Abū  Bishr Mattā b. Yūnus (d. 940), Yaḥyā b. ʿA... ... ʿAdī (893–974), and  Abū  al-Faraj ibn al-Ṭayyib (d. 1043), to name ... ...tr. 1253–63) was later  able  to spend several years of his maphrianate in Baghdad, devoting part of that... ... , often visited Baghdad. Two of them, Yoḥannan  VIII Hormizd (1830–38) and ʿAbdishoʿ  V Khayyāṭ (1895–99), died and were buried in Baghdad. The Chald. patriarcha... ...ary Mother of Sorrows (Umm al-Aḥzān; place of burial of Patr. Yoḥannan VIII, ʿAbdishoʿ  V, and Pawlos II) and the former Syr. Cath. cathedral, as well as the Latin...
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Beirut BerytusContributor: Ray Jabre Mouawad URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Beirut
... the Gharb up to Jisr al-Qādī near Dāmūr. Around 1748, the emir Yūssif Murād Abillamā  authorized the general  abbot  of the Antonine Order to build a monastery in old Beirut and Bp. Mikhāʾil F... authorized the general  abbot  of the Antonine Order to build a monastery in old Beirut and Bp. Mikhāʾil F... ... Mardin , and Ṭur  ʿAbdin  began to arrive in Lebanon, followed in the 20th cent. by ... ... Primary Sources  Abbeloos  and Lamy, Gregorii Barhebraei chronicon ecclesiasticum. (Syr. a... ... Secondary Sources T.  Abī  ʿĀd, ‘ Abrašiyat  Bayrūt’, al-Manāra 1.2 (1992), 91–108. Fiey, Pour un Oriens christianus... ʿĀd, ‘ Abrašiyat  Bayrūt’, al-Manāra 1.2 (1992), 91–108. Fiey, Pour un Oriens christianus...
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Cardahi, Gabriel Gabriʾel Qardaḥe, Jibrāʾīl al-Qardāḥī (1845–1931) [Maron.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Cardahi-Gabriel
...f later Syriac texts: the ‘Paradise of Eden’ by  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha (Beirut, 1889) and the ‘Book of the... ... (1889).  Abulfaragii  Gregorii Bar-Hebraei Mafriani Orientis Kithâbhâ dhiyaunâ, seu L...
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DiatessaronContributor: William L. Petersen URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Diatessaron
...nysios bar Ṣalibi ,  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha ) all speak of it with great respect... ...of these Western witnesses to the Diatessaron that one can reach a judgement about  its original language. The presence of Syriacisms or Semitisms in these ‘We... ... H. J. Vogels, Beiträge zur Geschichte des Diatessaron im Abendland  (Neutestamentliche  Abhandlungen  8.1; 1919). Th.  Zahn, Tatians Diatessaron ...
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Michael Badoqa (6th–7th cent.)Contributor: Emanuel A. Fiano URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Michael-Badoqa
... Michael, along with many other scholars, left the School. Little is known  about  his life and his works. Among the writings attributed to him, the following... ...ns the term theotokos and attacks Cyrillians, Severians, and Julianists (ed. Abramowski  and Goodman). 2. A ‘Book of Questions’ (Ktābā d-šuʾʾāle), of which ... ...Scripture’ in three volumes, the only work that  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha attributes to Michael. If this iden... ...ani) is attributed to Michael, but its spuriousness has been proven (see now Abramowski  1999). A text ‘On Dreams’, which has been transmitted as a separate work of... ... Primary Sources L.  Abramowski  and A. E.  Goodman, A Nestorian collection of Christological te... ... Secondary Sources L.  Abramowski , ‘Zu den Schriften des Michael Malpana / Badoqa’, in After Bardaisa...
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Michael II the Younger (d. 1215) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Witold Witakowski URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Michael-II-the-Younger
... The name of Michael’s father was Abraham  (Chronicle of 1234, 339/252), whose other son, ... ...more active role in the process of election he left his monastery, while the abbot  followed him and tried to bring him back to the monastery. However due to M... ...o bring him back to the monastery. However due to Michael’s machinations the abbot  was arrested by the governor of Gargar, and released under the condition th... ...o bring him back to the monastery. However due to Michael’s machinations the abbot  was arrested by the governor of Gargar, and released under the condition th... ...ate of Rum, and Ṭur  ʿAbdin  , whereas Michael was recognized in the East in the dioceses ... ... Primary Sources  Abbeloos  and Lamy, Gregorii Barhebraei chronicon ecclesiasticum, vol. 2 ... ... chronicon ecclesiasticum, vol. 2 (1874). A.  Abouna  and J.-M.  Fiey, Anonymi auctoris Chronicon ad A.C. 1234 pertin...
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Mushe of Mardin (16th cent.) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Mushe-of-Mardin
... , Mushe was sent by Patr.  ʿAbdullāh  I bar Sṭephanos to Rome, where he arrived with a few ... ...script, along with three Syriac Anaphoras. Mushe wrote it for the bp. of the Abyssinian  Convent (San Stefano) in Rome, where he often resided, and it shows his ... ... Niʿmatullāh , following the latter’s abdication , in 1578. In Rome he copied and annotated several more Syriac and Arabic ms... ...sche syrischen Christen vom Tur ʿAbdin ’, OC 70 (1986), esp. 207–8. ...
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Selb, Walter (1929–1994)Contributor: Hubert Kaufhold URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Selb-Walter
... Rechtsgeschichte 49; 1964).  ʿAḇdīšōʿ  bar Bahrīz. Ordung der Ehe und der Erbschaften sowie Entscheidu... ...schrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte, Romanistische Abteilung  112 (1995), LXIII–LXXX. M.  Memmer, ‘Sc...
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...Thomas and Indian Christians, the sermons and narratives provide information about  early Christian evangelistic attitudes and practices in western Asia and il... ... Secondary Sources S.  Abouzayd , ‘The Acts of Thomas and the Unity of the Dualistic World in the Sy... ... H. W.  Attridge, ‘Acts of Thomas’, in  ABD  , vol. 6, 531–4. G.  Bornkamm, Mythos u...
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... Cosmas Indicopleustes, a friend of the Catholicos Mar  Aba  , speaks of a church at Male (Malabar) and a bp. ‘a... ...he end of the 16th cent. the situation had changed. The last Indian bp., Mar Abraham , died in 1597, and in 1599 the metropolitan see of Angamali was demoted to ... ...85, when Maphrian Baselios Yaldo and Mar Ivanios were sent to India by Patr. ʿAbdulmasīḥ  I; although Mar Baselios died shortly afterwards, he left a great impressio... ... came in the 19th cent., when a reform movement among the Syr. Orth., led by Abraham  malpan and supported by Anglican missionaries, led to the emergence of the ... ..., but nothing was done until the deposed Patr.  ʿAbdulmasīḥ  II visited India in 1912 and consecrated Pawlos Ma... ... to Patr.  ʿAbdullāh  II . Though a re-unification of the two sides was a... ...given by Mar Kurillos Yuyaqim, from Ḥbob in Ṭur ʿAbdin  , who came to Malabar in 1846, where he died in 187...
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Timotheus, Abimalek (1878–1945) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: James F. Coakley URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Timotheus-Abimalek
Timotheus,  Abimalek  ... https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Timotheus Abimalek  http://syriaca.org/bibl/568 559 ... ... http://syriaca.org/bibl/568 559  Abimalek  Timotheus http://syriaca.org/person/793 person ... ... (1878–1945) [Ch. of E.] Metropolitan of India. Abimalek  was born in Marbishu in Turkey and graduated from the Archbishop of Canterb... ... Sources Mar Aprem, Mar Abimalek  Timotheus (1975). G. K.  Bell, Randall Davidson...
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... Antioch , Mary the Niece of Abraham  of Qidun, and Febronia of Nisibis are among ... ... J.-M.  Fiey, ‘Une hymne nestorienne sur les saintes femmes’,  AB  84 (1966), 77–110. E.  Gülcan, ‘The renewal of... ....  Gülcan, ‘The renewal of monastic life for women in a monastery in Tur Abdin ’, Sobornost 7.4 (1977), 288–98. S. A.  Harvey, ...
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Yawsep Ḥazzaya Joseph ‘The Seer’ or ‘The Visionary’ (8th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Robert A. Kitchen URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yawsep-Hazzaya
... http://syriaca.org/person/816 person Theologian, abbot , and solitary of the Ch. of E.; author of spiritual works. ... ...he Seer’ or ‘The Visionary’ (8th cent.) [Ch. of E.] Theologian, abbot , and solitary of the Ch. of E., who has been viewed as the systematizer of ... ...the 8th cent. (ca. 710?). After the village rebelled against Caliph ʿUmar b. ʿAbd  al-ʿAzīz (r. 717–20), the latter retaliated, and soldiers captured the seve... ...to be baptized and was allowed to enter at a young age into the monastery of Abba  Ṣliba in Beth Nuhadra ... ...t of Rabban Bakhtishoʿ, and before long Yawsep was persuaded to become their abbot , remaining until his death.  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha (d. 1318) said that Yawsep had writ... ...en an incredible number of works, 1900 in total, but only ten were extant by ʿAbdishoʿ’s  time. His most systematic work, ‘A letter on the three stages of the monast... ...loxenos of Mabbug , but a number of items in and about 
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Yoḥannan Iḥidaya John the Solitary of Apamea (first half of 5th cent.)Contributor: Robert A. Kitchen URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yohannan-Ihidaya
... S. P.  Brock idem , Malponuto d abohoto  suryoye d-‘al d-ʿa... ...zwischen Thomasios und Johannes und drei an Thomasios gerichtete Abhandlungen  (PTS 11; 1972). (Syr. with GT) ...
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 Abgarids  ... of Edessa https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Abgarids -of-Edessa http://syriaca.org/bibl/20 11 ... ... the middle of the 3rd cent. The most common names in this line of kings are Abgar  and Maʿnu, both of which are of a North Arabian type. The disintegration of... ... disintegration of the Seleucid Empire in the 2nd cent. BC allowed the  Abgarids  to establish their power. With the appearance of the Romans in the Near Eas... ... With the appearance of the Romans in the Near East in the 1st cent. BC, the Abgarids  were  able  to maintain Edessa and the surrounding area of Osrhoene as a more or less i... were  able  to maintain Edessa and the surrounding area of Osrhoene as a more or less i... were  able  to maintain Edessa and the surrounding area of Osrhoene as a more or less i...
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Abraham of Beth Rabban (6th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abraham-of-Beth-Rabban
 Abraham  ... of Beth Rabban https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Abraham -of-Beth-Rabban http://syriaca.org/bibl/23 14 ... ...terpretation and director of the School of Nisibis. Our main sources for Abraham’s  life are the two works attributed to Barḥadbsh... ... Siirt . The second part of Abraham’s  name, ‘from the house of our master’ (d-Beth Rabban), is generally understood to refer to ... ... , the first director of the School of Nisibis, who may have been Abraham’s  relative. Barḥadbshabba the historian presents  Abraham  as Narsai’s immediate successor and in charge of the school for 20 years (5... relative. Barḥadbshabba the historian presents  Abraham  as Narsai’s immediate successor and in charge of the school for 20 years (5... relative. Barḥadbshabba the historian presents  Abraham  as Narsai’s immediate successor and in charge of the school for 20 years (5...
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Aḥob Qaṭraya (late 6th cent.?) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Bas ter Haar Romeny URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ahob-Qatraya
...org/person/324 person Exegete from Beth Qaṭraye mentioned by ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha. (late 6th... ...h Qaṭraye mentioned by  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha . According to Assemani he lived aro... ...when Ishoʿyahb was chosen.  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha’s ‘Catalogue’ credits Aḥob with an ‘Elucidation of the whole New...
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... is clearly visible. Among indigenous Armenian authors who are well informed about  Syriac Christianity and write  about  it or borrow themes or interpretations from it are Eznik of Kołb (author of... Syriac Christianity and write  about  it or borrow themes or interpretations from it are Eznik of Kołb (author of... ...blical commentaries, which in particular in the commentary on Psalms contain about  160 quotations of, or references to, the Armenian Bible (Göttsberger). The ... ...and some sources (including Yaʿqub of Edessa, in his Chronicle) present king Abgar  ... and the original population of Edessa as Armenian. The story of Abgar’s  conversion to Christianity became widely popular in Armenian, whereby an in... ... and the original population of Edessa as Armenian. The story of Abgar’s  conversion to Christianity became widely popular in Armenian, whereby an in... ...rt’, ARAM 5 (1993), 15–29. A.  Drost Abgarjan 
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Aydin, Nuʿmān (1908–2001) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Aydin-Numan
...rth.] He was born in Kfarze in Ṭur ʿAbdin  . During the Sayfo massacres of 1915, his family to... ...nd a priest by Dolabani in 1952. He was appointed a Patriarchal Vicar of Ṭur ʿAbdin  from 1973 to 1980. In 1987 he immigrated to the USA and settled in NJ. He w... ... of poems (partly published in various magazines). 3. On the troubles of Ṭur ʿAbdin  ... from 1914 to 1987 (parts were published in Bahro Suryoyo). 4. On the massacres of Ṭur ʿAbdin  and the persecution of the Turkish government from 1941 to 1942 (parts in B... ... ʿAynwardo, and other villages (ms.). 10. Biographies of the bishops of Ṭur  ʿAbdin  from 1914 to 1985 (ms.). 11. The destruction of the fourteen monasteries of... ...m 1914 to 1985 (ms.). 11. The destruction of the fourteen monasteries of Ṭur ʿAbdin  from 1914 to 1987 under the title Gedsche w-shabte >d’Turabdin (Glane, 1997), the ... ... content of which may be related to, and may include material from, 3 and 4  above . Sources ... ... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 575–6. Macuch, Geschichte, 469. Munūfar Barṣ...
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Babai of Nisibis (6th/7th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Babai-of-Nisibis
... Dadishoʿ ’s ‘Commentary on Abba  Isaiah’ (13:18). He was also author of some memre, one being ... ... Sources S. P. Brock, Malponuto d abohoto  suryoye d-ʿal ṣluto (Glane/Losser, 1988), 93–114. (Syr. of Letter t...
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Bar Bahlul, Ḥasan (mid-10th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Bar-Bahlul-Hasan
...iac and Arabic in his publications. He was involved in the election of Cath. ʿAbdishoʿ  I in 963. Bar Bahlul’s Lexicon (Syr. Leksiqon) deals with ... ... J.-M.  Fiey, ‘Sur le calendrier syriaque de Bar Bahlul’,  AB  106 (1988), 259–71. J. Habbi, ‘Le Livre des Si...
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Beth Lapaṭ Gondeshapur, Jundi-ShapurContributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Beth-Lapat
...in the list of metropolitan sees, and later Mar Aba  specifies that he should preside over the election... ...s disputed (see Reinink). Such a school is definitely attested for the early Abbasid  period by Timotheos I ’s ... ... Sources N. Abbott , ‘Jundi-Shapur: A preliminary historical sketch’, Ars Orientalis 7 ...
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Dawid bar Pawlos (8th/9th cent.) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Dawid-bar-Pawlos
... http://syriaca.org/person/144 person  Abbot  and author or poetry and prose; wrote on theology, grammar, science.brief ... ...ion of Nineveh , he was  abbot  of the monastery of Mor Sargis, on the Dry Mountain in Sinjar. A marginal n... ... ZA 8 (1893), 86–99.  ʿAbd  al-Masīḥ Nuʿmān d-Qarahbash, Esrin wa-tren mimrin d-ḥekmto d-simin ...
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Dionysius Thrax ‘the Thracian’ (ca. 170 – ca. 90 BC)Contributor: Emanuel A. Fiano URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Dionysius-Thrax
...the 6th cent. This translation is attributed by  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha and by E.-Syr. mss. to the maqryānā... ...culties of applying Greek grammatical categories to the Syriac language, the absence  of the first, programmatic chapter has been tentatively related to a possib... ... A.  Merx, Historia artis grammaticae apud Syros  Abhandlungen  für die Kunde des Morgenlandes 9; 1889), 50–72 (Syr., based on 5 ms...
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Fatḥallāh, Elias Fatalla, Fathi (fl. 1770–1798) [Syr. Orth., then Syr. Cath.]Contributor: Jean Fathi URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Fathallah-Elias
... as resistance to it was fierce, since the city was the frequent residential abode  of Syr. Orth. patriarchs. In 1810, Khawāja Mikhāyil Fatḥī Zadeh obtained a ... ...a last attempt to catholicize the entire Syr. church. This attempt was later aborted  by the Orthodox party, and the split of the Syrians into two churches has p... ... P. de Tarrazi, al-Salāsil al-taʾrīkhiyya fī asāqifat al abrašiyyāt  al-suryāniyya (Beirut, 1910), 90, 383–84. ...
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Fiey, Jean-Maurice (1914–1995)Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Fiey-Jean-Maurice
... Mongol period, and only two books later did he go back in time to cover the Abbasid  period (1980), concentrating on the patriarchal line. The intervening ... ...ts; 1979). Chrétiens syriaques sous les Abbassides  (CSCO 420; 1980). ...
88
Gewargis Warda (13th cent.?) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Alessandro Mengozzi URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Gewargis-Warda
...is is not included in the ‘Paradise of Eden’ by  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha . Attempts to place Gewargis in the ... ...he melody and the liturgical occasion for which the text is fitted are noted above  each poem. The use of biblical texts and exempla is often rich and felicito... ...s; 5. Attack by the Mongols at Karamlish in 1235/6 AD; 6. The deacon Abraham  of Meshkaleg, an infidel; 7. John the Baptist; 8. Tahmazgerd and th...
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Isaiah of Scetis Abba IsaiahContributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Isaiah-of-Scetis
... http://syriaca.org/bibl/281 272  Abba  Isaiah http://syriaca.org/person/548 person ... ... CPG 5555).  Abba  Isaiah Greek monastic writer of uncertain identity; author of ... ... CPG 5555–5556. P.  Bettiolo, Abba  Isaia, Mar Efrem. Testi siriaci sulla preghiera (1993). (IT of ... ... 26 (1995), 115–7, 120–4. D. Chitty,  Abba  Isaiah’, JTS ns 22 ...
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Isḥaq Shbadnaya (fl. 1439/40) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Thomas A. Carlson URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ishaq-Shbadnaya
... commentary on his own poem, Isḥaq may have been imitating  ʿAbdishoʿ  of Nisibis , who also composed a commentary on his own ... ... often transmitted with his liturgical poems. Finally, a short acrostic poem about  the trials afflicting the Church, which is contained in a single ms. of ... ... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 463–4. Baumstark, Literatur, 330. G.  Cardah...
91
...aries and creating separation. Anti-Jewish sentiment, which had been largely absent  from early Syr. literature, became a factor in the process of Christian sel... ...sm, but their tone is very different. To account for Ephrem’s harsh language about  Jews (which may have targeted Judaizing Christians rather than Jews themsel... ...hallenge this description, but portrays these people as ‘sick and weak’, not able  to walk on the king’s highway. Once again we seem to be confronted with por... ... as well relied on Jews, who in some cases were converts, for information about  the Bible. A common practice in biblical commentaries is the quotation of ... ...f the Hebrew’, his father being the physician Ahrun), most scholars have now abandoned  this view, linking his name instead to the village of ʿEbro, on the Euphrat... ...riesthood (BL Add. 18295, ff. 137b–140b): An anti-Jewish text on the abrogation  of the Israelite priesthood’, ... ... in SymSyr IV, 217–29. eadem, ‘And Abraham  ... had faith: But in what? Ephrem and the Rabbis on Abraham  and God’s Blessings’, in The Exegetical Encounter between Jews ...
92
...ed as the lower writing in the palimpsest ms. Paris, Bibl. Nat. Syr. 378. An abridged  Arabic translation is also found in ms. Arabic 516 at the ... ...he text is the rather infelicitous one by Gollancz into English, of which an abridgment  into French was made by Richer. The Julian Romance cons... ...e and the resulting persecution of the Christians. The second is a narrative about  Eusebius, the bp. of Rome, who facing persecution opposed Julian. The third... ...ed Julian. The third and longest section is framed as a letter by Aploris to Abdil  that describes the reign of Jovian (Syriac ywbnynws ‘Jovinian’). In ... ...660–74) and into English by Gollancz (1928, 256–64), the latter of which was  abridged  by Richer (1978, 263–8). This ‘second’ Julian Romance, which is much shorte... ... Syriac Julian Romance (1906). (Syr.) J. G. E.  Hoffmann, Iulianos der Abtruennige . Syrische Erzaehlungen (1880). (Syr.) ...
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...eans literally ‘Fortress of the House of Seleucus.’ Sometimes the toponym is abbreviated  into Karka ‘Fortress’ or Beth Slokh ‘House of Seleucus’. These various form... ...ion de l’histoire de Karka d’Bét Slôh’,  AB  82 (1964), 189–220. ...
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Khoury, Asmar (1916–200?) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Khoury-Asmar
... Jacob, Cyril ); 4. a history of Ṭur ʿAbdin  (Göteborg, 1998); 5. an account of the massacres (... ... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 577. Macuch, Geschichte, 470. Munūfar Barṣūm...
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...sed in recent times. Demographically, it is primarily a W.-Syr. feature; its absence  in E.-Syr. is probably due to the fact that Sureth, the colloquial, has... ... Gabriel (1912–1971),  ʿAbd  al-Masīḥ Qarabashī (1903–1983), and ... ... al-Masīḥ Qarabashī (1903–1983), and  Abrohom  Nuro (1923–2009) who was the first to apply it in ... ...minaries and some of the village schools in Ṭur ʿAbdin  , and became more popular after immigrations to Eur...
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...ac Christianity. The collections contain exhortations and responses to questions about  prayer and progress in the spiritual life. The writings emphasize conflict ... ... Epistola magna, ed. R. Staats  Abhandlungen  der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen, Philol.-hist. Kla... ...dem , Die Theologie des Makarios-Symeon  Abhandlungen  der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen, Philol.-hist. Klasse,...
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MedicineContributor: Peter E. Pormann URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Medicine
...e Arabic versions by Ḥunayn’s school quickly eclipsed them. We are, however, able  to study the Graeco-Syriac translation technique, not least since ... ...imāristān (Persian for ‘place of the sick’). Moreover, a number of important Abbasid  officials who set up Islamic hospitals  — such as ʿAlī b. ʿĪsā, the ‘good v... ... idem   ‘Islamic Hospitals in the Time of al-Muqtadir’, in Abbasid  ... Studies: Occasional Papers of the School of  ʿAbbasid  Studies, Leuven, 27 June — ... ... Studies: Occasional Papers of the School of  ʿAbbasid  Studies, Leuven, 27 June — ... ... Studies: Occasional Papers of the School of  ʿAbbasid  Studies, Leuven, 27 June — ... ... Studies: Occasional Papers of the School of  ʿAbbasid  Studies, Leuven, 27 June — ... ... Studies: Occasional Papers of the School of  ʿAbbasid  Studies, Leuven, 27 June — ...
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Nuḥ the Lebanese (1451–1509) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Herman G. B. Teule URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Nuh-the-Lebanese
... conflict which opposed Masʿūd of Ṭur  ʿAbdin  and some senior bishops of the region. ... ... Sources  Abbeloos  and Lamy, Gregorii Barhebraei chronicon ecclesiasticum, vol. 3, 549...
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Nuro, Abrohom (1923–2009) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Nuro-Abrohom
Nuro,  Abrohom  ... https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Nuro Abrohom  http://syriaca.org/bibl/415 406 ... ... http://syriaca.org/bibl/415 406  Abrohom  Nuro http://syriaca.org/person/663 person ... ...d modern reformer. He was born Ibrahīm Kahlajī (later Syriacized his name to Abrohom  Nuro) in Edessa , then ... ... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 578. Munūfar Barṣūm, Aḍwāʾ, 147–50. ...
100
Pawlos of Nisibis (d. 573) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Pawlos-of-Nisibis
..., and bp. of Nisibis, for which position he was selected in 544 by Cath. Mar Aba , his former teacher. ... ...ch position he was selected in 544 by Cath. Mar  Aba  , his former teacher. As metropolitan bp. of Nisibi... ... Christology.  ʿAbdishoʿ  of Nisibis , in his ‘Catalogue’ (no. 65), presents ...
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Philoxenos of Mabbug (ca. 440s?–523) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: David  A. Michelson URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Philoxenos-of-Mabbug
...nd Severus. Philoxenos’s cult was strong in Ṭur ʿAbdin  where his relics were translated to a church dedicated ... ... Secondary Sources L.  Abramowski , ‘Aus dem Streit um das “Unus ex trinitate passus est”, Der Protest...
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PoetryContributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Poetry
...d for special effect. The regular use of rhyme becomes a common feature from about  the 9th cent. onwards, due to the influence of Arabic poetry. Acrostics, bo... ... Syriac compositions, based on Ps. 51 (and other psalms). From about  the 9th cent. Syriac began to adopt various features characteristic of Arab... ... Arabic can also be seen in many of the poems that make up  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha ’s ‘Paradise of Eden’, where all sor... ...to the subject in his ‘Book of Dialogues’ (ed. J. P. P. Martin, with FT). In about  the 12th/13th cent. the liturgical book known as the Beth Gazo emerged, ... ...e eight tones (a system that enters the Syr. Orth. liturgical tradition from about  the 9th century, according to Cody); somewhat analogous to the Greek ... ... Emmanuel bar Shahhare , ʿAbdishoʿ  of Soba, Gewargis Warda ... ... J. P. P. Martin, De la métrique chez les Syriens  Abhandlungen  für die Kunde des Morgenlandes, 7:2; 1879). (for Yaʿqub bar Shakko)...
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Proba (late 6th cent.) [Syr. Orth., then Melk.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Proba-metr-of-Chalcedon
.../687 person Metropolitan of Chalcedon. Most of what is known about  this Proba comes from the only extant fragment of Dionysios of Tel-Maḥre’s ... ...xtant fragment of Dionysios of Tel-Maḥre’s Chronicle (CSCO 84, 219-24; GT in Abramowski ). (late 6th cent.) [Syr. Orth., then Melk.] ... ...., then Melk.] Metropolitan of Chalcedon. Most of what is known about  this Proba comes from the only extant fragment of ... ... of Tel Maḥre ’s Chronicle (CSCO 84, 219–24; GT in Abramowski ). In ca. 581 Patr. Peter of... ... Sources R.  Abramowski , Dionysius von Tellmahre ( Abhandlungen  für die Kunde des Morgenlandes 25:2; 1940), 138–42. ...
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Qarqaphto, Monastery of [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Jonathan A. Loopstra URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Qarqaphto-Monastery-of
... vocal opponents of Martin was Isaac Hall who fought against what he called  Abbé  Martin’s hoax’ (Hall 1885) in published articles and in presentations to th... ... J.  Khoury, Le candélabre du sanctuaire de Grégoire Abou’lfaradj  dit Barhebraeus (PO 31.1; 1964). P.  Martin, ‘T...
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Sawma, Abrohom (1913–1996) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Sawma-Abrohom
Sawma,  Abrohom  ... https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Sawma Abrohom  http://syriaca.org/bibl/483 474 ... ... http://syriaca.org/bibl/483 474  Abrohom  Sawma http://syriaca.org/person/720 person ... ...967–1990). He also wrote Mtumoyuto d-suryoye (São Paulo, 1996) and a play on Abgar  V Ukkama in Arabic. Sources ... ... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 576. Macuch, Geschichte, 470. Munūfar Barṣūm...
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Scher, Addai (1867–1915) [Chald.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Scher-Addai
... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 544–50. J.-M. Fiey, ‘L’apport de Mgr Addai Scher (†1915) à l’hagiogr... ...er (†1915) à l’hagiographie orientale’,  AB  83 (1965), 121–42. Macuch, Geschichte, 402–5. ...
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Shahdost (fl. first half of the 8th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Shahdost
... Bp. of Ṭirhan. According to the ‘Catalogue’ of  ʿAbdishoʿ  (chap. 111), Shahdost wrote a ‘synodical oration, some ... ... Sources L.  Abramowski  and A. E.  Goodman, A Nestorian Collection of Christological Texts ...
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Synodicon Orientale [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Synodicon-Orientale
... contains additional materials pertaining to Cath. Mar  Aba  I and Ḥenanishoʿ  II ... ...ek theological writings; the monastic canons of  Abraham  of Kashkar and his successor Dadishoʿ on Mount... ...shoʿ bar Nun (d. 828),  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Bahrīz (early 9th cent.), ... ... cath. Cath.  Aba  I (544, followed by several documents); ... ...n 1900. J.-B. Chabot, while he was planning an edition of the same part, was able  to use a second copy of the Alqosh ms., which subsequently became ms. Paris...
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Theodoros bar Koni (fl. end of the 8th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Aaron M. Butts URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Theodoros-bar-Koni
...n, with previous literature, see Griffith 1981, 161–4). Little else is known about  ... his life. In his ‘Catalogue’,  ʿAbdishoʿ  attributes the following works to Bar Koni (Assema... ...mrā is an important representative of Muslim-Christian dialogue in the early Abbasid  period (see Islam, Syriac contacts with). The 11th ... ...CPG 3765), an abridgement  of the Panar... ... A Nestorian Summa contra Gentiles from the First Abbasid  Century’, in East of Byzantium, ed. Garsoian et al., 53–72. ...
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Yaʿqub of Nisibis (d. 337/8)Contributor: Joseph P. Amar URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yaqub-of-Nisibis
...me appears in a variety of late antique sources, trustworthy historical data about  him are quite limited. The closest we have to an ... ... P.  Peeters, ‘La légende de saint Jacques de Nisibe’,  AB  38 (1920), 285–373. ...
111
...Hebrew characters). He also planned a series entitled Bibliotheca Syriaca, of which, however, he was able  to prepare only the first volume which, after his death, his student A. ... ... ‘Persian, Armenian, and Indian words in Syriac’ (included in his Gesammelte Abhandlungen ), which is often quoted in C. Brockelmann’s Lexicon ... ... (1861). Gesammelte Abhandlungen  (1866). (1–84: ‘Persische, armenische und indische Wörter im ...
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Alqosh, School of (2nd half of the 16th cent. onwards)Contributor: Alessandro Mengozzi URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Alqosh-School-of
... A group of E.-Syr. authors and scribes, most of them priests, who brought about  a remarkable revival of literary activities among E.-Syr. communities in N.... ... E.-Syr. authors and scribes, most of them priests, who brought about  a remarkable revival of literary activities among E.-Syr. communities in N.... ... sympathies and were involved in the Uniate movement. These include  ʿAbdishoʿ  of Gazarta , Adam of ʿAqra (who wrote a hymn on Rabban ... ... , Stephen of Alqosh (Chald., 19th cent.); Anne of Telkepe, Yawsep ʿAbbaya  of Alqosh, Thomas Ḥanna of Karamlish (Chald., end 19th–first half 20th cent...
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Arbela ErbilContributor: Edward G. Mathews, Jr. URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Arbela
... P.  Peeters, ‘Le passionnaire d’Adiabène’,  AB  43 (1925), 261–304. D. Sourdel, ‘Irbil’, in EI...
114
Armalah, Isḥāq Armalet, Isaac (1879–1954) [Syr. Cath.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Armalah-Ishaq
...y articles, especially in al-Machriq. He also copied  about  35 mss., mostly kept in Sharfeh. His best-known works include a Syriac anth... ... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 555. M. al-Jamil, Taʾrīkh wa-siyar. Kahanat al-suryān ...
115
Audo, Toma Toma Odo (1855–1918) [Chald.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Audo-Toma
... where he served under his uncle’s successor Patr. Eliya ʿAbū  al-Yūnan. He later served as patriarchal vicar to ... ... and Salamas in 1892, and participated in the Synod that elected Patr. ʿAbdishoʿ  Khayyāṭ in 1894. During the persecutions that occurred during World War I, ... ... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 498–500. Macuch, Geschichte, 211–3. G.  Ouss...
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Bar ʿEbroyo, Grigorios Grigorios Abū al-Faraj, Barhebraeus (1225/6–1286) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Hidemi Takahashi URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Bar-Ebroyo-Grigorios
... 74 Grigorios Bar ʿEbroyo  Abū  al-Faraj Barhebraeus http://syriaca.org/person/239 ... ...c Renaissance of the 12th–13th cent. Grigorios Abū  al-Faraj, Barhebraeus (1225/6–1286) [Syr. Orth.] ... ...ism: ‘Ethicon’, ‘Book of the dove’ (K. d-yawno), ‘Childhood of the mind’ (Ṭalyut hawno, unfinished), abridgement  of/commentary on the Book of Hierotheos (unpublished; see ... ...-tanbīhāt (Remze wa-mʿironwoto, unpublished), translation of Athīr al-Dīn al Abharī’s  ‘Cream of secrets’ (Zubdat al-asrār, lost); also two Arabic treatises o... ...ation of dreams (lost). 12.   Medicine/Pharmacology: Book of Dioscorides (lost), abridgement  of Ghāfiqī’s ‘Book of simple drugs’ (Muntakhab kitāb jāmiʿ ... ... Syr. Orth. Patr. Libr 6.17), abridgement  of Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq ... ... ’s ‘De usu partium’, lost), Book of the great Canon of Abū  ʿAlī ( i.e. i.e., ... ...entary on Ḥunayn’s ‘Medical questions’ (lost). 13.   Liturgical works: revision  abridgement ) of the Anaphora of St. James, revision of the rite of baptism, commentary ...
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Barḥadbshabba ʿArbaya (late 6th / early 7th  cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Adam H. Becker Jeff W. Childers URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Barhadbshabba-Arbaya
...nd the School of Nisibis up to the death of  Abraham  of Beth Rabban , head of the School of Nisibis ... ..., with the Ecclesiastical History mentioned by  ʿAbdishoʿ  (see below). The ‘Cause’ attributed to Barḥadbshab... ...s have both been attributed to a Barḥadbshabba, but scholars have not agreed about  his identity and whether he is one and the same person. Two contemporary fi... ...re actually one and the same person, as some scholars believe. To the former ʿAbdishoʿ  attributes: ‘a book of treasures in three parts, and disputes (drāše) with ... ...(ms. Cambridge Or. Oo. 1. 22). Perhaps the commentary on Psalms mentioned by ʿAbdishoʿ  is the source of the quotation attributed to a Barḥadbshabba in a later psa...
118
Bello, Estipān (1910–1989) [Chald.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Bello-Estipan
... of Jūnā Mīkhā Ballo and Teresa Mīkhā Sāko and given the baptismal name ʿAbd  al-Aḥad (he is somewhat related to the family of Patr. ... ... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 514–5. Macuch, Geschichte, 416. ...
119
... Overview of attempts at collecting and systematizing knowledge about  Syriac Christian authors and their writings, from 13th cent. compilations to contemporary printed a... ... The earliest attempts at collecting and systematizing knowledge about  Syriac Christian authors and their writings can be traced back to the Syria... ... themselves. One might refer to the ‘Catalogue of Books’ by  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha (d. 1318), a poem listing all Syria... ... 2005) covers grammatical studies. In the field of Syriac literature, the  absence  of a fully updated version of Baumstark is compensated to a certain extent ...
120
...yya (VI.1.41, ed. Hoenerbach-Spies II.138.7–8),  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha ’s Nomocanon (IX.1, ed. Mai 317a ... ...e is little evidence to support the historicity of the tradition reported by ʿAbdishoʿ  (Nomocanon VIII.15, ed. Mai 304a 20–21) which c... ...–414) and Shila (503–523) with the erection of a metropolitan see for China. ʿAbdishoʿ  himself gives the credit to Ṣliba Zka (714–28), while Ishoʿyahb (probably ... ... , told on the authority of Timotheos, of Dawid, a monk of Beth ʿAbe  , being elected metropolitan for ‘Beth Ṣinaye’ (‘Bo...
121
Chronicle of 1234 Edessene Chronicle [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Jan J. van Ginkel URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Chronicle-of-1234
...ces. He also uses pseudepigraphical material, especially for the time before Abraham , most notably from Jubilees and the Cave of Treasures. There are also t... ... Sources A.  Abouna  and J.-M.  Fiey, Anonymi auctoris Chronicon ad A. C. 1234 pertinens...
122
...ism attracted interest and visits from Syr. Christians, and several writings about  the Desert Fathers became known in Syr. as early as the 5th cent. It is ver... ...s were divided between Chalcedonians and anti-Chalcedonians, the latter were able  in the course of the 6th cent. to build a church structure that became the ... ...continued to be used within the individual churches. The absence  of any dogmatic barrier made it possible for Syr. Christians to fully integ... ...he Syr. element in the early 17th cent. should be seen rather as the gradual absorption  of the Syr. monks into the mainstream of Coptic life than as a radical ling... ...rk carried out at the beginning of the 10th cent. by Yuḥanon bar Maqari, the abbot  of Dayr al-Suryān, may be found in Syr. ms. Dayr al-Suryān 30. In this ms.,... ... Mushe of Nisibis (the later abbot ), Yuḥanon is credited with the translation ‘from the Egyptian tongue into S... ... Pontus , which he helped bind in 894, when he already was abbot . The Syr. impact on the Coptic liturgical tradition is significant. Many Sy... ...as well, either as pilgrims and visitors (e.g.,  Aba 
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Daniel of Ṣalaḥ (fl. mid-6th cent.) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: David G. K. Taylor URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Daniel-of-Salah
...//syriaca.org/person/59 person Biblical exegete, theologian, abbot  and possibly bp. ... ... (fl. mid-6th cent.) [Syr. Orth.] Biblical exegete, theologian, abbot  and possibly bp. Although he is one of the most influential Syr. Orth. writ... ...ne of Daniel’s writings have been fully edited, and the little that is known about  his life is almost entirely dependent upon these texts. In a homily (on Ps.... ...fixed correspondence in which Daniel is requested to write the commentary by Abbot  Yuḥanon of the monastery of Mor Eusebios of Kaprā d-Bartā (or d-Birtā) nort... ...Apamea (the modern twin villages of Kefr and Bara). Abbot  Yuḥanon is listed in the Chronicle of Michael ... ... Yuḥanon had disappeared from the scene, for one Qustantinos is listed as  abbot  of this important monastery. Assemani also linked Daniel with the village of Ṣa... ... Assemani also linked Daniel with the village of Ṣalaḥ in Ṭur ʿAbdin  (southeast Turkey), and this has been followed by ... ...tr. Ignatius Afram Barsoum who instead links Daniel to Ṣaliḥiye (near modern Abū  Kāmāl in Syria) on the left bank of the Euphrates just south of ancient ...
124
Daoud, Francis (1870–1939) [Chald.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Daoud-Francis
...hn . He was ordained a priest in 1893 by Patr. Eliya ʿAbū  al-Yūnān, and in 1910 was consecrated bp. for al-ʿAmadiyya by Patr. Emmanue... ... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 507. Macuch, Geschichte, 412. ...
125
Dinno, Niʿmatullāh (1885–1951) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Khalid Dinno URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Dinno-Nimatullah
...eform-minded educator. He was born in Mosul to ʿAbd  al-Karīm Dinno and grew up at a time when his Church was at the low ebb, ... ... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 560–2. Lisan al-Mashriq, Mosul 3 (1951)...
126
Diodore of Tarsus (late 4th cent.)Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Diodore-of-Tarsus
... CPG 3815–3822. L.  Abramowski , ‘Diodore de Tarse’, in DHGE , vol. 14... ... DHGE , vol. 14 (1960), 496–504. R.  Abramowski , ‘Der theologische Nachlass des Diodor von Tarsus’, ...
127
Ephrem (d. 373)Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ephrem
...hrem, but which largely contain madrāše that must be slightly later, are: on Abraham  of Qidun and Yulyana Saba (ed. Beck, CSCO 322–3); on the Confessors (ed. Be... ... Primary Sources For Syr. editions, see above . There are bilingual editions of On the Nativity (Syr. with AT by J...
128
... in later prose commentaries. Since most Syriac authors were rarely explicit about  their hermeneutical approach, their methods for interpreting the Bible are ... ...re bar Koni’s Scholion: a Nestorian Summa contra gentiles from the first Abbasid  century’, in East of Byzantium, ed. Garsoian et al., 53–72. ...
129
... commentaries on other books of the OT as well, as the monk Severos and  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha claim, but this can no longer be as... ... anonymous author of the Book of Steps uses biblical interpretation to teach about  a perfect, ascetic way of life. The author has a number of ideas in common ... ...ce of the radical allegorizing trend of some Alexandrians, who were ready to abandon  the plain sense of Scripture altogether. Though Yaʿqub and other Miaphysite... ... have come down to us. It appears that the shorter ones constitute abbreviations  of the longer ones, which date back to the 5th and 6th cent. ... ...te back to the 5th and 6th cent. Terminus ad quem for the abbreviated  versions of the three authors just mentioned is the so-called London ... ...very small part of the Bible (Gen.–Ex. 9:32), but Van Rompay (1977) has been able  to show that this work formed the core of Isho... ...ether with fragments of the exegetical memre of  Aba  II of Kashkar (d. 751). The Gannat Bussāme is ... ...tion. The Later W.-Syr. Exegetical Tradition As we have seen above , in the 7th cent. W.-Syr. exegesis was very much dominated by a number of G...
130
Gabriel of Baṣra (fl. late 9th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Hubert Kaufhold URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Gabriel-of-Basra
...f Baṣra; author of a collection of juridical texts. Next to nothing is known about  Gabriel’s life, except that he was metropolitan in 884 and in 893. In the l... ... Ishoʿ bar Nun ,  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Bahrīz , and from the so-called Syro-Roman ... ... Orientale). Gabriel did not reproduce these sources literally, but  abbreviated  and reworked them. The first part of the collection deals with matrimonial ... ... reconstructed with the help of the Syriac Nomocanon of  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha (d. 1318) and of the second part of...
131
GeoponikaContributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Geoponika
... idem , ‘De Geoponicon versione syriaca’, in his Gesammelte Abhandlungen  (1866), 120–46. J.  Habbi, ‘Testi geoponici classici in siriaco e arabo’, i...
132
Gewargis of Arbela, Pseudo- (9th cent.?) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Gewargis-of-Arbela-Pseudo-
...gis of Arbela’ (another wrong attribution is to  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Bahrīz ). The chapters in each section prov... ... includes the short ‘Commentary on the (liturgical) Services’ by  Abraham  bar Lipeh of Beth Qaṭraye ... ...raye (II, 161–80); in many places this is simply an abbreviation  of Gabriel Qaṭraya ’s Commentary. ...
133
Giwargis of Bʿeltan (Patr. 758–789) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Witold Witakowski URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Giwargis-of-Beltan
...eceased anti-patriarch. Dawid accused Giwargis of tax irregularities, and Caliph Abū  Jaʿfar  ʿAbdullāh  al-Manṣūr (754–75) put him in prison for nine years (767–75). After this ... Jaʿfar  ʿAbdullāh  al-Manṣūr (754–75) put him in prison for nine years (767–75). After this ... ... Primary Sources  Abbeloos  and Lamy, Gregorii Barhebraei chronicon ecclesiasticum, vol. 1,...
134
... role in the ‘translation movement’ of the late 8th and 9th  centuries under Abbasid  patronage, which provided the Arabic-speaking world with the Greek intellec... ...a work has been lost, and only the Syriac translation survives. This applies above  all to patristic authors whose works were subsequently suppressed in the Gr... ...ng Greek philosophical, scientific, and medical literature, sponsored by the Abbasid  Caliphs in Baghdad in the late ... ...tly amongst those translated into Syriac, Plato’s writings are conspicuously absent . In the course of the 9th–11th cent., when the Melkite Church replaced the ... ...c translation technique: the background to Syriac translations under the Abbasids ’, JCSSS 4 (2004), 3–14. ...
135
ḤarranContributor: Hidemi Takahashi URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Harran
... geographer Yāqūt in his Muʿjam al-buldān and the place where Abraham  and his family sojourned according to the Book of Genesis, Ḥarran had becom... ...Egeria visited Ḥarran in 383, the town had a Christian bp., and the house of Abraham , which stood outside the city, had been turned into a church, but the popul... ... the book’. Ḥarran was considered a center of pagan Greek learning under the Abbasids , especially for the mathematical sciences. The Ḥarranians were probably the... ... — and, more famously, Theodoros Abū  Qurra (ca. 755 – ca. 830). ... ...ibis , counted among its occupants the canonist  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Bahrīz (early 9th  cent.) and the future Cath. ...
136
Ḥenana (d. ca. 610) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Jeff W. Childers URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Henana
...at the School of Nisibis during the time of  Abraham  of Beth Rabban (d. 569). After serving as a te... ... Reputed to be a follower of Origen and a Chalcedonian sympathizer who had  abandoned  the orthodox theological tradition of such teachers as Theodore ... ... liturgy.  ʿAbdishoʿ  credits Ḥenana with having written a number of com...
137
Ḥenanishoʿ I (d. 699/700) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Henanisho-I
... Nisibis , who had the support of Caliph ʿAbd  al-Malik. Only partly recovered from ill-treatment (whence he was called ḥg... ...riarch for only a brief period (less than two years), but Ḥenanishoʿ was not able  to fully resume his position, and the patriarchal throne remained vacant fo... ... , has not been preserved in direct transmission. Reinink, however, has been able  to identify several extracts from it in the following sources: 1. ms. Vat. ... ... exegesis with that of his younger contemporary  Aba  II of Kashkar (d. 751). Th... ...ibuted to Ḥenanishoʿ by either ʿAmr b. Mattā or  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha give some impression of his multifa... ... give some impression of his multifaceted interests and  abilities . They include, among other things: a biography of his contemporary Sargis D...
138
Ignatius Yaʿqub III (1912–1980) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ignatius-Yaqub-III
...Gabriel Mari and Shmuni Isḥaq Mtuka, and was given the baptismal name Shābā  ʿAbd  al-Aḥad). He attended the seminary at Dayro d-Mor ... ... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 570–2. Macuch, Geschichte, 453–5. Munūfar Ba...
139
...ok (Talay 2003) have been published in recent years. Ṭur ʿAbdin  The inscriptions from this region have been conveniently brought together by ... ...ortant inscriptions on the wooden doors of the church are from the period of abbot  Mushe of Nisibis ... ...rni di Semitistica 21; 2004). A.  Palmer, ‘A corpus of inscriptions from Ṭūr ʿAbdīn  and environs’, OC ...
140
Ishaʿya of Beth Sbirina (d. 1425) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ishaya-of-Beth-Sbirina
...st, son of Denḥo, and author of two poems on the ravages of Tamerlane in Ṭur ʿAbdin  (one, ed. Knos, also in Qolo Suryoyo 73 [1990], 116-22; the other, ed. Card... ...amerlane in Ṭur  ʿAbdin  (one, ed. Knös, also in Qolo Suryoyo 73 [1990], 11...
141
Ishoʿ bar Nun (d. 828) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Isho-bar-Nun
... , around 745. He studied with  Abraham  bar Dashandad and, possibly after a short peri... ... at the Great Monastery on Mt. Izla (founded by  Abraham  of Kashkar ), where he also taught. Ishoʿ bar N...
142
Ishoʿbokht of Rev Ardashir (late 8th cent.?) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ishobokht-of-Rev-Ardashir
... , from whose law book Zoroastrian doctrines and practices are largely absent  (see under Shemʿon). Dauvillier regards Ishoʿbokht as a powerful and ... ... Rechtsbuch Mātakdān i Hazār Dātistān (Teil II)  Abhandlungen  für die Kunde des Morgenlandes 45.1; 1981). ead...
143
Ishoʿyahb III of Adiabene (d. 659) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ishoyahb-III-of-Adiabene
...downer named Bastomag. He became a monk of the nearby Monastery of Beth ʿAbe  , but was appointed bp. of Nineveh ... ...n use to the present three. In his ‘Catalogue’  ʿAbdishoʿ  attributes to him the arrangement of the Ḥudrā, th... ...on in some cases cannot be correct. These convey a great deal of information about  the life of the Ch. of E. during the period of the transition from Persian ...
144
Jamīl, Shmuʾel Samuel Giamil (1847–1917) [Chald.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Jamil-Shmuel
... Monastery of Rabban Hormizd , whose Abbot  ... then was Elishaʿ Tīshā. In 1869, he accompanied his Abbot  and Patr. Yawsep Audo to the first Vatican Council, and there attended the ... ... then was Elishaʿ Tīshā. In 1869, he accompanied his Abbot  and Patr. Yawsep Audo to the first Vatican Council, and there attended the ... ...ablished a school there in 1880. In 1885 he was appointed by Patriarch Eliya ʿAbū  al-Yūnān to visit the faithful of the northern areas. He was appointed a vi... ... the church. In 1895 he served as a delegate to the Vatican for Patriarch  ʿAbdishoʿ  Khayyāṭ for seven years. He was elected a general  Abbot  for the Chald. monks three times (1881–1983/4, 1887–94, and 1900–1917). ... Khayyāṭ for seven years. He was elected a general  Abbot  for the Chald. monks three times (1881–1983/4, 1887–94, and 1900–1917). ... ... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 496–8. S. Giamil, Monte Singar. Storia d’un popolo ...
145
...the relationship with the E.-Syr. Church was apparently strong, but this was abruptly  broken by the Portuguese presence in the Indian subcontinent. In the so-cal... ...exis Menezis, Archbishop of Goa, with the support of the king of Cochin, was able  to bring the St. Thomas Christians under the authority of Rome. In 1653 the... ...mous Coonan Cross. As they wanted to retain Syriac language and liturgy, and above  all the ecclesiastical independence, they wrote letters to various Eastern ... ...mous Coonan Cross. As they wanted to retain Syriac language and liturgy, and above  all the ecclesiastical independence, they wrote letters to various Eastern ... ... was unwilling to fight against the reformers, abdicated  in favour of a visiting Antiochian prelate named Yoyakim Mar Koorilose. Tho... ... first decade of the 20th cent., the relationship between the Patr. Mar  ʿAbdullāh  II and Mar Geevarghese Mar Dionysios became tense ... ... Dionysios invited Patr.  ʿAbdulmasīḥ  II , who was deposed by th... ...two Catholicoi and two synods. The Malankara Orthodox Church has a membership of about  1 million, 1100 parishes, 1200 priests, and 18 bishops. There are several s...
146
Mani (216 – ca. 276)Contributor: Jeff W. Childers URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Mani
... P. A.  Mirecki, ‘Manichaeans and Manichaeism’, in  ABD  , vol. 4, 502–11. C. G.  Stroumsa, ‘Asp...
147
Maqdisī, Jeremiah (1847–1929) [Chald.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Maqdisi-Jeremiah
...logic (ms.), and another on literary theology (partly published according to Abūna ). Sources ... ... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 504–5. Macuch, Geschichte, 408–9. ...
148
Maximus (d. 662)Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Maximus
... S. P.  Brock, ‘An early Syriac Life of Maximus the Confessor’,  AB  91 (1973), 299–346. (repr. in Syriac Perspectives on Late Antiquity [1...
149
...1. T. Baarda, ‘Syriac Menander’, in  ABD  , vol. 6 (1992), 281f. ...
150
Michael I Rabo (d. 1199) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Dorothea Weltecke URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Michael-I-Rabo
...us were inserted, which interrupted the system of columns. After an open and abrupt  end, six appendices follow. The first appendix is a monumental synopsis of ... ... Secondary Sources R. Abramowski , Dionysius von Tellmahre. Jakobitischer Patriarch von 818–845. ...
151
Naqqāsheh, Afram (1850–1920) [Syr. Cath.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Naqqasheh-Afram
... He was born in Mosul to ʿAbdulaḥad  b. Eliās Naqqāsheh and Khāliṣah daughter of Qas Boutros and given the bapti... ...[catalogue, 281]), and translated from Latin into Syriac a theological book  Abūna  gives the Arabic title mukhtaṣar ʿilm al-lāhūt al-adabī [The ... ... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 541–2. I.  Armalah, Taʾrīkh dayr sayyidat al-najāt ay ...
152
Narsai (d. ca. 500) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Narsai
...y), Narsai was orphaned at the age of sixteen and educated by his uncle, the abbot  of the Monastery of Kfar Mari, west of the Tigris. At an unknown date he we... ...ces blame on the bp.’s wife, Mamai, and which resulted in Narsai’s temporary absence  from Nisibis, he remained the head of the new School until his death (ca. 5... ... Secondary Sources L.  Abramowski , ‘Narsai, Ephräm und Kyrill über Jesu Verlassenheitsruf, Mt. 27,46’...
153
Nau, François (1864–1931)Contributor: Françoise Briquel-Chatonnet URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Nau-Francois
...l et de la terre. Cours d’astronomie rédigé en 1279 par Grégoire Aboulfarag , dit Bar-Hebraeus (2 vols.; 1899). ...
154
Nestorius (ca. 381? – ca. 450)Contributor: George A. Bevan URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Nestorius
... and likely induced the emperor to issue a new edict against a whole host of aberrant  beliefs (Codex Theodosianus 16.5.66; 20 May 428). He likely also celebrated... ... Secondary Sources L.  Abramowski , Untersuchungen zum Liber Heraclidis des Nestorius (CSCO 242; 1...
155
Nineveh NinweContributor: Joel T. Walker URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Nineveh
...vocative paradigm for the sudden collapse of a mighty empire. But as stories about  the destruction of Assyrian Nineveh percolated in Classical and Near Easter... ...ng of this past was fragmentary, distorted, and sometimes fantastic. Stories about  imperial Nineveh included the aphorisms of the Assyrian sage ... ... haunt for the revelries of Islamic visitors, who penned enthusiastic verses about  its wine (Fiey 1965, 2, 500). At some point in the 10th cent., if not befor... ... J. Reade idem , ‘More about  Adiabene’, Iraq 63 (2001), 187–99. S. J. Simpso...
156
Nūrī, Athanasios Ignatios (1857–1947) [Syr. Cath.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Nuri-Athanasios-Ignatios
... Mardin to Niʿmatallāh Nūrī and Katherine daughter of ʿAbdulmasīḥ  Tarzi and was given the baptismal name Naṣrallāh. He studied at ... ... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 550–51. Macuch, Geschichte, 436–37. ...
157
Pawlos of Tella (first half of 7th cent.) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Pawlos-of-Tella
...rg, Catalogues, 47a). The Syriac translation of the pericope John 7:50–8:12  absent  from the Peshitta and Ḥarqlean), which is sometimes attributed to Pawlo... ...metropolitans, relatives of the Emperor Maurice: Dometianus of Melitene  about  580 — January 580 – January ...
158
Polykarpos (ca. 500) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Andreas Juckel URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Polykarpos
... (the so-called Philoxenian version). The only information about  Polykarpos derives from his contemporary Mushe of ... ... Bar ʿEbroyo , Ecclesiastical History, ed.  Abbeloos  and Lamy, I, 50 = vol. 1, col. 267; II, 22 = vol. 3, col. 89; proem to the ... ...s. Rome, Bibl. Angelica 74. The choice of these scholars was directed by the absence  of annotations from these codices. They are, however, nothing other than Ḥa... ...ome of the OT since Mushe of Aggel mentions the Psalms alongside the NT (see above ). Moreover, a quotation of Is. 9:6 in the Milan Syro-Hexapla ... ... profana, vol. 5.1 (1868). I.  Guidi, ‘Mose di Aghel e Simeone Abbate ’, Rendiconti della R. Accademia dei Lincei (1886), 397–416. ...
159
... Secondary Sources S. C.  Pigué, in  ABD  , vol. 5, 536–7. ...
160
Qarabashī, ʿAbd al-Masīḥ Nuʿmān (1903–1983) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Mor Polycarpus Augin Aydin George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Qarabashi-Abd-al-Masih-Numan
Qarabashī,  ʿAbd  ... al-Masīḥ Nuʿmān https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Qarabashi Abd -al-Masih-Numan http://syriaca.org/bibl/449 440 ... ... http://syriaca.org/bibl/449 440  ʿAbd  al-Masīḥ Nuʿmān Qarabashī http://syriaca.org/person/691 per... ... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 567–8. Munūfar Barṣūm, Aḍwāʾ, 85–92 Macuch, ...
161
Qiryo, Yuḥanna (1874–1946) [Chald.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Qiryo-Yuhanna
... Italian into Syriac a number of books including a book on Alphonse Liguori  Abūna  gives the title in Arabic faḍāʾil al-qiddīs Alphonse Liguori ‘Virtues o... ...aphy of St. Jirardis Magla (Mosul, 1932), a two-volume book also by Liguori  Abūna  gives the title in Arabic hidāyat al-nufūs ‘Guidance of the souls’) (vo... ... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 507–8. Macuch, Geschichte, 412–3. ...
162
Quryaqos Kyriakos (d. 817) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Witold Witakowski URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Quryaqos
...in 795) did not bring the controversy to its end. On the contrary it brought about  an open schism, as all other dissidents united with the party of the follow... ...in the dissenting bishops were deposed. Then they elected a monk of Qarṭmin, Abraham , an anti-patriarch. He sought recognition by the Coptic Patr. Markos, but d... ... Primary Sources  Abbeloos  and Lamy, Gregorii Barhebraei chronicon ecclesiasticum, vol. I,...
163
Saba, Boutros (1893–1961) [Syr. Cath.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Saba-Boutros
...tings, he composed in Syriac a number of poems (a few published according to Abūna ). Sources ... ... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 562–3. Macuch, Geschichte, 445–6. ...
164
Sachau, Eduard (1845–1930)Contributor: Hubert Kaufhold URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Sachau-Eduard
... on behalf of the Prussian government to Syria and Mesopotamia, where he was able  to acquire many Syriac mss. for the library of Berlin. Sachau himself descr... ... Zur Ausbreitung des Christentums in Asien  Abhandlungen  der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Jahrgang 1919, philos...
165
Samuel, Athanasios Yeshuʿ (1907–1995) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Samuel-Athanasios-Yeshu
...gypt and became editor of the Patriarchal Magazine (Jerusalem). He became an abbot  of the monastery and in 1946 was consecrated bp. of Jerusalem. ... ... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 575. M.  Burrows, The Dead Sea Scrolls of St. Mark’s ...
166
Sargis bar Waḥle (ca. 1500) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Herman G. B. Teule URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Sargis-bar-Wahle
...Diyarbakır 76, is said to have been written in a more natural style (Scher). Abūna’s  and Macuch’s assumption that Sargis is also the author of ... ... Secondary Sources  Abūna , Adab, 513–4. Baumstark, Literatur, 330–1. ...
167
Shubḥalmaran (d. 620?) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: David J. Lane URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Shubhalmaran
...included in the lists of ascetical writers in Mesopotamia catalogued by  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha and Ishoʿdnaḥ ... ...d on the end times are preserved with others by  Abraham  of Nathpar and Barḥadbshabba in the 9th-cent. ... ...ters ... for brethren to live in accord’; Fols. 60r–62r contain ‘Revelations about  the assembly of believers’. Fol. 62r-v provide ‘Dark sayings of our Lord an... ...ssembly of believers’. Fol. 62r-v provide ‘Dark sayings of our Lord and Paul about  ... the last time’, and Fols. 62v–73r ‘Revelations about  ... the last time’, and Fols. 62v–73r ‘Revelations about  ... the last time’, and Fols. 62v–73r ‘Revelations about  ... the last time’, and Fols. 62v–73r ‘Revelations about 
168
...xenos , bp. of Mabbug, who between 512 and 518 wrote about  Sṭephanos to two priests in Edessa ... ...priests in Edessa , Abraham  and Orestes, who had been in touch with Sṭephanos. They are strongly warned... ...nysian writings to promote their master’s teachings. In spite of the controversy about  its authorship, the ‘Book’ enjoyed popularity in the Syr. Orth. Church. Com... ... esp. 302–32. T.  Jansma, ‘Philoxenus’ Letter to Abraham  and Orestes concerning Stephen bar Sudaili. Some proposals with regard ...
169
... Sources M. al-Jamīl, al Abrašiyyāt  al-suryāniyya min 1900 ilā 2003 (2003). C. ...
170
Tappuni, Gabriel (1879–1968) [Syr. Cath.]Contributor: Amir Harrak URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Tappuni-Gabriel
... Mīkhāʾīl al-Jamīl, Al-salāsil al-taʾrīkhiyya fī asāqifat al abrašiyyāt  al-suryāniyya min 1900 ilā 2003 [Historical Lists of the Bishops of...
171
The Enaton EnnatonContributor: Andreas Juckel URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/The-Enaton
...of varying size and identifications of their own (e.g., the ‘Three Cells’ of Abba  Zenon, the Monastery of ‘the Fathers’, of ‘Salomon’, of the ‘Antonines’). T... ... milieu of theological controversy and negotiation. This milieu helped bring about  a settlement, in 616, of the schism between the Coptic and Syriac Miaphysit... ... Sources F.-M.  Abel , ‘To Ennaton’, OC ...
172
Theodosios Romanos the physician (d. 896) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Theodosios-patr
... Patr. Theodosios’ (Ecclesiastical History , ed. Abbeloos  and Lamy, vol.  1, 389–92); this is, however, not preserved. In another wor... ...4–90. Graf, GCAL, vol. 2, 233. Pinggéra (see above ), 157–68. M.  Tamcke, ‘Theodosios’ ...
173
Timotheos I (727/8–823) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: David D. Bundy URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Timotheos-I
... . In Bashosh and Marga he studied with the famed scholar  Abraham  bar Dashandad .  Abraham  was renowned as a scholar of the Bible and of ... ...from Greek into Syriac and Arabic. More than two hundred letters were known, about  59 of which survive. Timotheos was also the author of ‘The Ordinances of Ec... ...blical text. Timotheos also wrote, according to  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha , a commentary on a text of ...
174
Tumo of Ḥarqel (ca. 570–640) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Andreas Juckel URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Tumo-of-Harqel
... link him with persons and events of his time and provide a general idea  about  the chronology of his life. Bar ʿEbroyo , ... ...and severe restrictions for the Miaphysites followed. In those days Tumo was about  sixty years old, he died ca. 640. An anonymous Syriac account of Tumo’s lif... ...metropolitans, relatives of the Emperor Maurice: Dometianus of Melitene  about  580 — – ...
175
ṬuroyoContributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Turoyo
...yo is the collective name for the various Modern Syriac dialects used in Ṭur ʿAbdin . Ṭuroyo is the collectiv... ...cts used in Ṭur  ʿAbdin  . Its place within the spectrum of Modern Aramaic is closer ...
176
Yaʿqub bar Shakko Severos bar Shakko (d. 1241) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yaqub-bar-Shakko
... Mosul . He was first a monk and subsequently abbot  and bp. of the Dayro d-Mor Matay, with the episcopal name Severos (accordin... ... Syriens (Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft,  Abhandlungen  7:2; 1879). (Book of Dialogues, Book I, On poetry) ...
177
Yaʿqub of Edessa (ca. 630–708) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Alison G. Salvesen URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yaqub-of-Edessa
... , Pawlos of Antioch, Eustathios of Dara, Qurisona of Dara, the priest Abrohom , the deacon Gewargis, the sculptor Toma, and Barḥadbshabba. ... ... Sources  Abbeloos  and Lamy, Gregorii Barhebraei chronicon ecclesiasticum, vol. 1, 289...
178
Yaʿqub of Serugh (ca. 451–521) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yaqub-of-Serugh
... the Church’; bp. of Baṭnan da-Srug (519–21). Most of the little information about  his life comes from two notices (ed. Assemani, BibOr, vol. 1, ... ... comes from two notices (ed. Assemani, BibOr, vol. 1, 286–9, and Abbeloos , De vita et scriptis Jacobi... [1867], 311–2); there are also two panegyric... ... Saroug (1988). J. G.  Blum, ‘Zum Bau von Abschnitten  in Memre von Jakob von Sarug’, in ...
179
... person Cath. (552-67), successor of Mar Aba  I, in a period of tension between the Church and the Persian authorities. ... ... Cath. (552–67), successor of Mar  Aba  I , in a period of tension between the Church and t... ...r and discipline in the hierarchy of the church and warning against possible abuses  by the cath., the bishops, the priests, and the laypeople. Even though the ... ... Bar ʿEbroyo , who appears to be well-informed about  this episode, reports that ‘according to some’ Yawsep, upon his deposal, ... ... who, in the early 4th cent. had been deposed for reasons of  abuse  of power. Yawsep would thus have retrojected his own experience into that o...
180
Yawsep d-Beth Qelayta (ca. 1870–1952) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: James F. Coakley URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yawsep-d-Beth-Qelayta
...n press, he printed the ‘Paradise of Eden’ (1916) and the Nomocanon of  ʿAbdishoʿ  (1918). 2. In Mosul ... ... enabled him to go to India with his cousin Mar  Abimalek  Timotheus and supervise the cutting of Syriac ...
181
II. Sigla and  Abbreviations  for Journals, Serial Publications, and Reference Works ... ...  AB  Analecta ... ...  ABD  Anchor Bi...
182
ʿAbdullāh I bar Sṭephanos (d. 1557) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abdullah-I-bar-Stephanos
 ʿAbdullāh  ... I bar Sṭephanos https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Abdullah -I-bar-Stephanos http://syriaca.org/bibl/16 7 ... ... Syriac NT. He was born in Qalʿat Mara probably at the end of the 15th cent.  ʿAbdullāh  moved the patriarchal see temporarily from Dayr ... ... to Amid . Having heard  about  the possibilities of printing books in Europe,  ʿAbdullāh  sent his student Mushe of ... the possibilities of printing books in Europe,  ʿAbdullāh  sent his student Mushe of ... the possibilities of printing books in Europe,  ʿAbdullāh  sent his student Mushe of ... ...e 1549, armed with two mss. of the Peshitta NT. ʿAbdullāh  lived to see the first printed edition of the Syriac NT, brought to light b...
183
ʿAbdulmasīḥ II (1854–1915) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abdulmasih-II
 ʿAbdulmasīḥ  ... II https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Abdulmasih -II http://syriaca.org/bibl/18 9 ... ... patr. of Antioch.  ʿAbdulmasīḥ  returned to Mardin where he ...
184
Aesop (6th cent. BC)Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Aesop
... in the ‘Catalogue’ of  ʿAbdishoʿ  . The Syriac translation has been variously dated b...
185
Amyūn AmiounContributor: Erica Cruikshank Dodd URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Amyun
...ekka and Kousba, built on a high, rocky cliff rising above  the plains of olives and fruit orchards watered by the Qadisha river. ... ..., on the road between Chekka and Kousba, built on a high, rocky cliff rising above  the plains of olives and fruit orchards watered by the Qadisha river. This ... ...ble as he pulls Adam out of the grave. Behind Adam is Eve, and behind her is Abel . On the other side are David and Solomon, and the remains of a scroll once ... ...avid and Solomon, and the remains of a scroll once held by John the Baptist. Above  the head of Christ is a little flying angel. Below the ... ...avid and Solomon, and the remains of a scroll once held by John the Baptist. Above  the head of Christ is a little flying angel. Below the ... ...avid and Solomon, and the remains of a scroll once held by John the Baptist. Above  the head of Christ is a little flying angel. Below the ...
186
Asʿad, Gabriel (1907–1997) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Asad-Gabriel
... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 575. Macuch, Geschichte, 469. Munūfar Barṣūm...
187
Assemani, Joseph Aloysius (1710–1782) [Maron.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Assemani-Joseph-Aloysius
...e Latin translations of Collection of Canons by  ʿAbdishoʿ  and of the Nomocanon of ...
188
Assemani, Josephus Simonius Giuseppe Simone Assemani (1687–1768) [Maron.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Assemani-Josephus-Simonius
... annotated edition of the verse catalogue of Syriac authors by  ʿAbdishoʿ  ). The three-volume Catalogue of the Hebrew and Syr...
189
Athanasios I Gamolo (d. 631) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Jack B. Tannous URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Athanasios-I-Gamolo
... Sources  Abbeloos  and Lamy, Gregorii Barhebraei chronicon ecclesiasticum, vol. 1, col...
190
Ayyub, Barsoum (1932–1998)Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ayyub-Barsoum
... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 580–1. Macuch, Geschichte, 464. Munūfar Barṣ...
191
Bardaiṣan (154–222)Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Bardaisan
... person Earliest known Syriac author who flourished at the court of King Abgar  of Edessa . ... ...22) Earliest known Syriac author. He was active at the court of Abgar  VIII (177–212) in Edessa ... ...rse as well as in prose, has to be reconstructed from later hostile sources  above  all, Ephrem ); it was ...
192
Barṣawma of Nisibis (d. ca. 491–96) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Adam H. Becker URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Barsawma-of-Nisibis
... ʿEdray (?) in 486. We have extant a letter from Barṣawma explaining his  absence  from the Synod of Mar Aqaq , held in 486, ... ... which further addressed the issues of clerical marriage.  ʿAbdishoʿ  ... bar Brikha is vague about  his works, citing various genres, including metrical homilies, liturgical w...
193
Barṣawmo Ṣafī, Grigorios (d. 1307/8) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Hidemi Takahashi URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Barsawmo-Safi-Grigorios
...//syriaca.org/person/245 person Younger brother of Grigorios Abū  al-Faraj bar ʿEbroyo and his successor as Maphrian (1288-1307/8). ... ... (d. 1307/8) [Syr. Orth.] Younger brother of Grigorios Abū  al-Faraj Bar ʿEbroyo ... ... and his successor as maphrian (1288–1307/8). Almost all we know about  Barṣawmo comes from his elder brother’s Ecclesiastical History, or, rather,... ...inuations of his brother’s historical works, Barsoum ascribes to Barṣawmo an abridgement  of the Anaphora of St. John the Evangelist. See Fig. 20...
194
Barṣawmo (d. ca. 458) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Barsawmo
... http://syriaca.org/person/370 person Monk and abbot . (d. ca. 458) [Syr. Orth.] ... ... (d. ca. 458) [Syr. Orth.] Monk and abbot . Barṣawmo was a supporter of Dioscorus of Alexandria. In 449, invited by Em... ...btful. In his Chronicle, Michael Rabo , who was abbot  in the monastery named after Barṣawmo (see Day...
195
Barsoum, Ignatius Afram (1887–1957) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Barsoum-Ignatius-Afram
... Patr. and scholar. He was born to Stephan Barsoum and Susan Abdulnur , who both hailed from distinguished families of ... ...913, he embarked on a scholarly trip in the Ṭur ʿAbdin  region studying local mss. He was consecrated bp. ... ... pearls, 2004); Maktbonuto d-ʿal ʾatro d-Ṭur  ʿabdin , published posthumously with an Arabic translation by Boulos Behnam (1963) ... ...Boulos Behnam (1963) and with an English translation entitled History of Tur Abdin  by M. Moosa (2009); Nuzhat al-Adhhān fī taʾrīkh dayr al-zaʿfarān, a his... ... al-Zaʿfarān (Mardin, 1917; ET by M. Moosa, 2008); Taʾrīkh al abrashiyyāt  al-suryāniyya, a history of the Syriac Diocese published partially in the P...
196
Barsoum, Murad Ṣaliba (1912–1996) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Barsoum-Murad-Saliba
...84, he went on a pilgrimage to his homeland Ṭur ʿAbdin  with Athanasios Y...
197
Beck, Edmund (1902–1991)Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Beck-Edmund
...person/378 person Syriac scholar and monk of the Benedictine Abbey  of Metten (Germany). ... ... (1902–1991) Syriac scholar and monk of the Benedictine Abbey  of Metten (Germany). At Munich University he studied Arabic, Hebrew, Syriac... ... (listed below) and many articles on different aspects of Ephrem’s writings; above  all, however, he is primarily known for his editions of Ephrem’s poetical w...
198
Behnam Ḥadloyo (d. 1454) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Behnam-Hadloyo
... on June 1412. After the death of the Ṭur ʿAbdin  anti-patr. Baselius V, he managed to unite all the...
199
...n source for the short commentary attributed to  Abraham  Qaṭraya bar Lipeh . Another biblical interprete...
200
Beulay, Robert (1927–2007)Contributor: Mary T. Hansbury URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Beulay-Robert
...ientale 53; 1992). ‘De l’émerveillement à l’extase: Jean de Dalyatha et Abou  Saʿid al-Kharraz’, in Youakim Moubarac. Dossier ...
201
Bidāry, Pawlos (1887/1890–1974) [Chald.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Bidary-Pawlos
... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 511–2. Macuch, Geschichte, 414–5. ...
202
Bostra BoṣraContributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Bostra
... Sources A. Abel , ‘Boṣrā (Bostra)’, in EI ...
203
... P. F. Anson, Bishops at large (1964).  Abba  Seraphim, Flesh of our brethren (2006). ...
204
Cause of Causes (10th–12th cent.?)Contributor: Alessandro Mengozzi URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Cause-of-Causes
...h as the Melk. Theodoros  Abū  Qurra , 9th cent., and the Syr. Orth. ...
205
Cave of Treasures Mʿarrat Gazze Contributor: Clemens Leonhard URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Cave-of-Treasures
...résors (CSCO 581; 2000). S. Ruzer, ‘The Cave of Treasures on Swearing by Abel’s  Blood and Expulsion from Paradise’, ...
206
Çiçek, Julius Yeshu (1941–2005) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Cicek-Julius-Yeshu
... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 582. S. P.  Brock, ‘Mor Yulius Yeshu Çiçek (1942–2005): Syrian Ortho...
207
Dabbūs, Antoine (1916–1983) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Dabbus-Antoine
... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 574. Macuch, Geschichte, 456. Munūfar Barṣūm...
208
Danhash, George (1921–1969) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Danhash-George
... Isḥāq Armalah and  ʿAbd  al-Masīḥ Qarabashī . He taught in the Syr. Orth...
209
Daniel bar Maryam (7th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Daniel-bar-Maryam
...Daniel’s Ecclesiastical History is mentioned by  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha , along with a work dealing with chr...
210
Daniel bar Ṭubanitha (7th cent.?) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Daniel-bar-Tubanitha
... Beth Garmai ).  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha attributes several works to him: a ... ...ered, but one would have to go against the evidence provided by Ishoʿdad and ʿAbdishoʿ  who, as Degen pointed out, clearly saw two distinct Daniels. ...
211
De’ Rossi, Azariah (Buonaiuto) ʿAzariah ben Moshe min Haʾadumim (ca. 1511 – ca. 1577)Contributor: Emanuel A. Fiano URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/De-Rossi-Azariah-Buonaiuto
...ewish Italian physician; biblical scholar and polymath; author of a treatise about  the usefulness of the Peshitta for the evaluation of the Vulgate of the NT.... ...ewish Italian physician; biblical scholar and polymath; author of a treatise  about  the usefulness of the Peshitta for the evaluation of the Vulgate of the NT.... ...of the Peshitta for the evaluation of the Vulgate of the NT. Little is known about  his childhood and early education. After leaving his birth town, Mantua, he... ...rrara between 1575 and 1577, must be read against the backdrop of the debate about  the trustworthiness of the Vulgate that had followed the declaration of its...
212
Dolabani, Philoxenos Yuḥanon Yūḥannā Dūlabānī (1885–1969) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Dolabani-Philoxenos-Yuhanon
... request of his parents, Patr.  ʿAbdullāh  ... Ṣaṭṭūf tried to convince young Yuḥanon to forget about  monastic life, but to no avail. In 1907, he joined Dayro d-Noṭpo, became a ... ... days at Dayr al-Zaʿfarān where he was buried. He edited the following works: an abridged  version of the Beth Gazo (Mardin, 1913); a prayer book for priests (Mardin, ...
213
EddéContributor: Erica Cruikshank Dodd URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Edde
... place Town in the foothills of Mount Lebanon,  above  the town of Batrun (Botrom); site of church of Mar Saba. ... ... The town of Eddé lies in the foothills of Mount Lebanon, above  the town of Batrun (Botrom). The church of Mar Saba, which nowadays is Maro... ...els, and Dionysius the Areopagite can still be distinguished. An inscription above  the Dormition was read by the Maron. Patr. ... ... AD 1261/2). There are also a fine Crucifixion on the northern wall of the nave, above  the arches; an imposing but very damaged painting of the Virgin in the posi...
214
Eli of Qarṭmin (ca. 13th cent.) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Robert A. Kitchen URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Eli-of-Qartmin
... dated 1144/5, when raiders attacked and pillaged Ṭur ʿAbdin  , emptying the bones and head of Philoxenos on the ... ...al characters; (vv. 505–550) Invocation to Philoxenos for patronage over Ṭur ʿAbdin ; (vv. 551–4) Closing doxology. De Halleux concludes tha... ...there are numerous errors, Eli’s focus on Philoxenos’s relationship with Ṭur ʿAbdin  ... deserves attention. Philoxenos’s connection with Ṭur ʿAbdin  is tied to three locations: 1. the monastery at Qarṭmin at Dayr al-ʿUmr whe... ... Qarṭmin at Dayr al-ʿUmr where his body is interred; 2. the monastery of Mar Abraham , near Midyat, where his head was reputedly transferred in 1144/5; 3. Beth S... ... Qarṭmin at Dayr al-ʿUmr where his body is interred; 2. the monastery of Mar Abraham , near Midyat, where his head was reputedly transferred in 1144/5; 3. Beth S... ... Qarṭmin at Dayr al-ʿUmr where his body is interred; 2. the monastery of Mar Abraham , near Midyat, where his head was reputedly transferred in 1144/5; 3. Beth S... ...xenos that connect him to Qarṭmin: the miraculous encounter with the stylite Abel 
215
Elias, Ghaṭṭās (Danḥo) Maqdisī (1911–2008) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Mor Polycarpus Augin Aydin George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Elias-Ghattas-Danho-Maqdisi
... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 576. Macuch, Geschichte, 465. Munūfar Barṣūm...
216
Elishaʿ bar Quzbaye (early 6th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Elisha-bar-Quzbaye
... he served as director twenty years later, when  Abraham  of Beth Rabban was temporarily removed from th...
217
Eliya I of Ṭirhan (d. 1049) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Herman G. B. Teule URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Eliya-I-of-Tirhan
... Syros (Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft.  Abhandlungen  für die Kunde des Morgenlandes 9.2; 1889), 137–57 and 194–200. (Tre...
218
Eliya of Nisibis Eliya bar Shinaya (975–1046) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Herman G. B. Teule URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Eliya-of-Nisibis
...ars according to different eastern calendars. The report of his discussions with Abū  al-Qāsim al-Maghribī, minister at the court of the Marwānids in Diyarbakır ... ... in the 9th cent. and is no longer valid for his own period. His remark about  the  absence  of translations of Arabic among the Syrians is contradicted by his chronicl... the  absence  of translations of Arabic among the Syrians is contradicted by his chronicl... ...which became partly inserted into later liturgical compilations such as the  Abū  Ḥalīm’ or the book of Gewargis ... ... Warda . According to  ʿAbdishoʿ  of Nisibis , Eliya is also the author of a no longe... ... . Other letters, in Syriac and Arabic, ascribed to him by  ʿAbdishoʿ  of Nisibis, are lost. Sources ...
219
Eliya of al-Anbār (first half of the 10th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Andreas Juckel URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Eliya-of-al-Anbar
... didactic poetry in the first half of the 10th cent. There are three sources about  his life and writings: 1. The ‘Chronology’ of ... ...d. 1046) notes that Eliya was in (probably dogmatic) conflict with the Cath. Abraham  III al- Abrāzā  (906–37) in the year 1233 of the Greeks (= AD 921–22); 2. According to the ... III al- Abrāzā  (906–37) in the year 1233 of the Greeks (= AD 921–22); 2. According to the ... ... by Eliya shortly before the inthronisation; 3.  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha (d. 1318) in his ‘Catalogue’ of Syr...
220
ʿEnanishoʿ ʿAnanishoʿ (7th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Jeff W. Childers URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Enanisho
...ʿEnanishoʿ settled in the Monastery of Beth ʿAbe  . During his travels he became enamored with Egyptian ... ...ored with Egyptian monasticism and well acquainted with Greek texts. At Beth ʿAbe , he wrote a book on philosophical ‘definitions and divisions’, a lexical to...
221
... Secondary Sources L.  Abramowski , ‘Die Anakephalaiosis zum Panarion des Epiphanius in der Hs. Brit. ...
222
Eusebius of Caesarea (ca. 260 – ca. 340)Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Eusebius-of-Caesarea
...t the end of Book I it contains the earliest reference to the letter of king Abgar  of Edessa to Jesus and ... ... Latin and Armenian translations. According to  ʿAbdishoʿ  this was translated by Shemʿon of ... ...re 4.9 (1866), 117–36; 4.10 (1867), 150–64. According to ʿAbdishoʿ  there was also a Syriac translation of Eusebius’s ‘Life of Constantine’, bu...
223
Eutyches (ca. 378 – ca. 454)Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Eutyches
...gsberichte der bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, phil.-hist. Kl., Abt . 5; 1929). A.  Van Roey, ‘Eutyches’, in DH...
224
Evagrius (345–399)Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Evagrius-of-Pontus
...959). W. Frankenberg, Evagrius Ponticus  Abhandlungen , Göttinger Akademie der Wissenschaften, N.F. XIII,2; 1912). ...
225
Fāʾiq, Naʿʿūm Naoum Elias Palak ( ( ca. 1868–1930) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Faiq-Naum
... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 546–9. Barsoum, Scattered pearls, 523. M. F....
226
Gabriel, Fawlos (1912–1971) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Mor Polycarpus Augin Aydin George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Gabriel-Fawlos
... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 573. Macuch, Geschichte, 455. Munūfar Barṣūm...
227
Gabriel Qaṭraya (6th/7th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Gabriel-Qatraya
...r only the commentary on the Eucharist has been published and translated. An abbreviated  form of at least much of the work is attributed to ... ...m of at least much of the work is attributed to  Abraham  bar Lipeh (ed. R. H.  Connolly, in CSCO 71, 76... ... Connolly, in CSCO 71, 76; 1911, 1915). The relationship between Gabriel and Abraham  is not clear. ...
228
Gabriel bar Bokhtishoʿ Jibrāʾīl, Jibrīl (d. 827/8) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Aaron M. Butts URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Gabriel-bar-Bokhtisho
...i). He is also mentioned in the ‘Catalogue’ of  ʿAbdishoʿ  (Assemani, BibOr, vol. 3, 257–8) where he is group...
229
Gannat Bussāme (between the 10th and beginning of the 13th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Gerrit J. Reinink URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Gannat-Bussame
... ) Urmi 180, the other to a lost ms. from the monastery of Abraham  (the Upper Monastery in Mosul ... ... Firstly, the exegetical prose homilies written by  Aba  II of Kashkar (7th–8th cent.), of which many f...
230
Gewargis I (d. 680/1) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Gewargis-I
... and was a monk in Beth ʿAbe  . He came into contact with the future ... ... (nos. 10–11), monks (no. 12), liturgy (no. 15), and funerals (no. 18);  abuses  and lax behavior with regard to marriage (nos. 13, 14, and 16; with warning... ...Enanishoʿ , a fellow monk from the Monastery of Beth ʿAbe , to compile the ‘Paradise of the Fathers’, which became an authoritative co...
231
Giwargis II, Ignatius (1648–1708) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Giwargis-II-Ignatius
...ng various parts of his life. Born in Mosul to ʿAbd  al-Karīm, his family produced three patr. (him, his nephew ... ... and consecrated bp. for Jazīrat Qardu in 1677. When Maph. Yaldo voluntarily abdicated  the maphrianate to serve in Malankara, Giwargis was installed maph. in his ... ...ix patriarchs (Giwargis in Mardin, Ḥabib in Ṭur ʿAbdin  , Peṭros who later converted to Catholicism, Denḥa,... ...oʿozor, Isḥoq b. Gbir who later converted to Catholicism, and Loʿozor of Ṭur ʿAbdin ). Sources ...
232
Gregory Thaumaturgus the ‘Wonderworker’ (3rd cent.)Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Gregory-Thaumaturgus
... Secondary Sources L.  Abramowski , ‘Die Schrift Gregors des Lehrers “ad Theopompum” und Philoxenus vo...
233
Grigorios Yawseph Gregory Joseph IV the Iberian (d. 1537) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Grigorios-Yawseph
...d-ʿAzrael, then moved between Ḥesno d-Kifo, Ṭur ʿAbdin  , and Amid ... ...oy). He also visited Ṣadad in 1527, Amid in 1529–30, Aleppo in 1534, and Ṭur ʿAbdin  in 1535. Earlier, a matrimonial case in Ṣadad caused a friction between him...
234
Habbi, Yusuf (1938–2000) [Chald.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Habbi-Yusuf
... published a new edition of the ‘Catalogue’ of  ʿAbdishoʿ  (1986), and Arabic translations of various chronic...
235
Ḥanno, Sulayman (1918–200?) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Hanno-Sulayman
... al-Bīḍ. He wrote a book on the massacres of Ṭur ʿAbdin  titled Gunḥe (Glane, 1987), and composed poems...
236
Ḥazqiel I (d. 580/1) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Hazqiel-I
...sep . ʿAmr lists Ḥazqiel among the disciples of  Aba   I (Labourt 169, note 3). An important synod was h...
237
Ḥenanishoʿ II (d. 779/80) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Henanisho-II
...nly after Isḥaq’s death, shortly after, that reconciliation could be brought about  between the opposing parties and that Ḥenanishoʿ’s situation could be regul... ...ming the traditional rights of the see of Kashkar. Henceforth Ḥenanishoʿ was able  to serve as Cath. cath. ... ...ming the traditional rights of the see of Kashkar. Henceforth Ḥenanishoʿ was able  to serve as Cath. cath. ... ... are known, nor have any of his writings, among which  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha mentions letters and memre, been ...
238
Ḥenanishoʿ bar Seroshway (probably 2nd half of 9th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Henanisho-bar-Seroshway
...or source for Bar Bahlul).  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha , in his Catalogue, attributes to Ḥenanishoʿ ...
239
Ḥimṣ Ḥomṣ, EmesaContributor: Hidemi Takahashi URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Hims
... Antioch in 519. A noteworthy Syr. Orth. scholar from Ḥimṣ is ʿAbd  al-Masīḥ b. Nāʿima al-Ḥimṣī (fl. ca. 830), who tra... ... Syr. Orth. Patr. Ignatius  ʿAbdullāh  Saṭṭūf (1906–15); and Qaryatayn (75 km. southe...
240
Ḥirta al-ḤīraContributor: Hidemi Takahashi URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Hirta
...f al-Kūfa was founded near ʿĀqolā a few kilometers north of Ḥirta by Saʿd b. Abī  Waqqāṣ in 638, to become the administrative center of al-ʿIrāq under Arab o... ...ive center of al-ʿIrāq under Arab occupation and, for a time under the first Abbasids  (750–63), the seat of the caliphate. The first known bp. of Ḥirta is Hoshaʿ, wh... ...ive center of al-ʿIrāq under Arab occupation and, for a time under the first Abbasids  (750–63), the seat of the caliphate. The first known bp. of Ḥirta is Hoshaʿ, wh... ... [421–56], Babowai [457–84],  Aba   I [540–52], Ḥazqiel [567–81], and ... ... Aqaq [485–95/6] and, later, Abraham  II [837–50]). There was a school at Ḥirta founded by Qiyore of Edessa ... ...rta founded by Qiyore of Edessa , a disciple of Aba  I, and housed in a monastery later called Dayr al-Askūl. Among the later bi... ...er purportedly sent by Philoxenos of Mabbug to Abū  Yaʿfur (503–5) and through emissaries sent by ... ... Beth Arsham was active in the area and reported from here about  the events in Nagran ...
241
Iḥidāyā Contributor: Robert A. Kitchen URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ihidaya
... Sources Sh.  AbouZayd , Ihidayutha: A study of the life of singleness in the Syrian Orient...
242
Ishoʿ of Merv Ishoʿ Maruzaya, ʿĪsā al-Marwazī (9th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Aaron M. Butts URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Isho-of-Merv
.... From his nisba it is known that he was from Merv, an important city in the Abbasid  period located on the lower course of the Murghab river in the northeast fr... ... (second half of the 9th cent.). According to Bar ʿAli’s patron, Abraham , the Lexicon of Ishoʿ of Merv was ‘composed irregularly and without order’ ... ... A lexicographer from Merv is also mentioned in the ‘Catalogue’ of  ʿAbdishoʿ  (Assemani, BibOr, vol. 3, 257–58), but it is uncle...
243
Ishoʿdad of Merv (fl. ca. 850) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ishodad-of-Merv
... Narsai , Cath. Mar  Aba  , and Ḥenana ...
244
Isḥoq Ṣaliba (d. 1730) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ishoq-Saliba
...http://syriaca.org/person/558 person Last bp. of Dayro d-Mor Abay . (d. 1730) [Syr. Orth.] ... ... (d. 1730) [Syr. Orth.] Last bp. of Dayro d-Mor Abay . Little is known  about  his early life. He may have been from Qilleth and may have joined ... . Little is known  about  his early life. He may have been from Qilleth and may have joined ... . Little is known  about  his early life. He may have been from Qilleth and may have joined ... ...or Matay . He was consecrated bp. of Dayro d-Mor Abay  with the unusual Syriac, rather than Greek, honorific title Isḥoq. He may h... ...arch Shemʿun of Maʿdan ca. 1699. After his death in 1730, the diocese of Mor Abay , which then included Ṣawro, Qilleth, and its villages, Bafawah, ʿWein, Khar...
245
Ishoʿyahb IV (d. 1025) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ishoyahb-IV
... i.e., III). Neither  ʿAbdishoʿ  in his ‘Catalogue’, nor any other ancient source, ...
246
Iwannis Yuḥanon (d. 1755) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Iwannis-Yuhanon
... maker of ʿarraqiyya (a small cap worn under a turban to absorb  sweat)’. (d. 1755) [Syr. Orth.] ... ... also nicknamed b. al-ʿAraqjanji ‘son of the maker of ʿarraqiyya (a small cap worn under a turban to absorb  sweat)’. His brother,  ʿAbd  al-Karīm, and he became monks at Dayr al-Z... sweat)’. His brother,  ʿAbd  al-Karīm, and he became monks at Dayr al-Z... sweat)’. His brother,  ʿAbd  al-Karīm, and he became monks at Dayr al-Z...
247
Jacob, Cyril Qurilos Yaʿqub (1912–199?) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Jacob-Cyril
...h.] He was born in ʿAynward in Ṭur ʿAbdin  , and joined Dayr ... ...was tonsured monk by Yūḥannā Kandūr, and then ordained a priest by Dionysios ʿAbdulnūr  of Amid . He then served ... ... Ivanios Afram in managing the diocese of Ṭur ʿAbdin . He emigrated to Europe and lived in Sweden for ...
248
Jerusalem Syr. Oreshlem, Urishlem Contributor: George A. Kiraz Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Jerusalem
...of the Dead Sea Scrolls (1968). M.  Tamcke,  Abraham  of Kashkar’s pilgrimage’, ARAM 18–19 (2006–7), 477–82. H. G. B.  Teule, ‘Th...
249
John Chrysostom (ca. 347–407)Contributor: Jeff W. Childers URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/John-Chrysostom
...r. tradition is obvious from the references in  ʿAbdishoʿ  ’s ‘Catalogue’ (16; Assemani, BibOr, 3.1.24–7) ...
250
... http://syriaca.org/person/574 person  Abbot  of the monastery of Sinai around the year 600. ... ... 600.  Abbot  of the Monastery of Sinai around the year 600. Climacus (klimakos) means ‘of the Ladder’, after the...
251
John Philoponos (ca. 490 – ca. 575) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/John-Philoponos
... of Cosmas Indicopleustes, the friend of Patr.  Aba  I . His later theological works are known only in e... ... application of logic led him to speak of the oneness of the Trinity as an  abstraction . This position, held by a number of theologians, was condemned as tritheism...
252
JosephusContributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Josephus
...ted into Iosipos; hence the ‘Catalogue’ of  ʿAbdishoʿ  attributes ‘Fables’ to Josephus. ...
253
Khamis bar Qardaḥe [Ch. of E.] (13th cent.?)Contributor: Alessandro Mengozzi URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Khamis-bar-Qardahe
...y, Khamis is not included in the ‘Catalogue’ of  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha . Only a few specimens of the vast p... ...ed couplets of twelve-syllable lines) are transmitted together with works by ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha belonging to the same genre, which has a liturgical function com...
254
Konat, Matta (1860–1927) [Syr. Orth. (Malankara)]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Konat-Matta
... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 542–3. Barsoum, Scattered pearls, 522–3. Mac...
255
Leroy, Jules (1903–1979)Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Leroy-Jules
...includes the study of several mss. from Ṭur  ʿAbdin  , Iraq, and Syria. In the same period he also wrote his ... ...ribution to the first Symposium Syriacum (1972) was on the famous 10th-cent. abbot  of Dayr al-Suryān, Mushe of Nisibis ...
256
Manna, Yaʿqob Awgen Jacques Eugène (1867–1928) [Chald.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Manna-Yaqob-Awgen
... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 558–60. Macuch, Geschichte, 407–8. ...
257
... in Egypt, where they were brought from Mesopotamia by the abbot  Mushe of Nisibis ... ... Esṭrangela writing on parchment that was centered in Ṭur ʿAbdin  in the 12th–13th cent. Ms...
258
Marcion (d. ca. 160)Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Marcion
...d. A remarkable episode in the ‘Life of Mar  Aba  ’ (ed. Bedjan) suggests that in mid-6th cent. Mesop...
259
...t (ms. Brit. Libr. Or. 8606, of 723). Theodoros Abū  Qurra (early 9th cent.), who normally wrote in... ...ic, states that he also composed a work in Syriac (J. C. Lamoreaux, Theodore Abu  Qurrah [2005], 119). 2. Translations of theological literature, including a let... ... Damascus , Cosmas of Jerusalem, and others. From about  the 13th cent. onwards many of the Syriac liturgical mss. also contain a go...
260
Mingana, Alphonse (1878–1937) [Chald.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Mingana-Alphonse
... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 505–7. J. F.  Coakley, ‘A Catalogue of the Syriac manuscripts in the...
261
MonasticismContributor: Susan Ashbrook Harvey URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Monasticism
...ic still apparent in the monasteries of Ṭur  ʿAbdin  in eastern Turkey, or the Monastery of Mor Ephrem in ...
262
Murad, Michael (1878–1952) [Syr. Cath.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Murad-Michael
... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 551–2. Macuch, Geschichte, 437. ...
263
Mushe of Aggel Inghilene (6th cent.) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Mushe-of-Aggel
... Sources I. Guidi, ‘Mose di Aghel e Simeone Abbate ’, Rendiconti della Reale Accademia dei Lincei IV.2 (1886), 397–416. ...
264
Mushe of Nisibis (first half of 10th cent.) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Mushe-of-Nisibis
... http://syriaca.org/person/647 person Scribe, abbot  of Dayr al-Suryān, collector of mss. who was instrumental in establishing the monastery’s library. ... ... (first half of 10th cent.) [Syr. Orth.] Scribe, abbot  of Dayr al-Suryān ... .... Libr. Add. 12,142) by a Tagriti family (906/7). A  few years later, he was abbot  (riš dayro) and was in charge of a major renovation project in the main chu... ...es pi-hikoymenos ‘Papa Moses the hegoumenos’. The latest mention of Mushe as abbot  is found in a note dated 943/4 (ms. London, Brit. Libr. Add. 14,525, f. 1v)... ... in the monastery today. As the most well-known representative of the Syrian abbots  and of the Syrian and Coptic monks who collected, produced, and preserved S...
265
Niʿmatullāh, Ignatius (ca. 1515? – ca. 1587?) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Nimatullah-Ignatius
... in 1562 and united the patriarchate of Ṭur  ʿAbdin  with his own in 1572, a union that lasted until 1584. He ... ... with his own in 1572, a union that lasted until 1584. He  abdicated , or was forced to  abdicate , in March 1576 under peculiar circumstances. D... , or was forced to  abdicate , in March 1576 under peculiar circumstances. D... , or was forced to  abdicate , in March 1576 under peculiar circumstances. D... ...h had adopted Islam. Niʿmatullāh gave no denial fearing execution and had to abdicate . Shortly after his  abdication , he escaped in disguise and fled to the west. He arrived in Rome, coming fr... . Shortly after his  abdication , he escaped in disguise and fled to the west. He arrived in Rome, coming fr...
266
...of Nisibis , and of  Abraham  of Beth Rabban , its head for several decades i... ... aetiological discussion of E.-Syr. festival days. We know little about  the actual physical space of the School, for example, where it lay in moder...
267
Nonos of Nisibis Nonnus (d. after 861) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Michael Philip Penn URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Nonos-of-Nisibis
...ur incidents. The most celebrated is Nonos’s disputation with Theodoros Abū  Qurra . Ca. 815 Nonos’s relative  Abū  Rāʾiṭa, the Miaphysite Bp. of Tagrit ... ... the court of the Armenian prince Ashot Msaker to debate against the Melkite Abū  Qurra. Later chronicles often attribute Armenia’s continuing support of the... ... Dionysios of Tel Maḥre simply refers to  abominations .’ From both external sources and from Nonos’s own writings we learn that, u... ...both external sources and from Nonos’s own writings we learn that, under the Abbasid  Caliph al-Mutawakkil, Nonos was imprisoned from ca. 856 until 861. Also wit... ...both external sources and from Nonos’s own writings we learn that, under the Abbasid  Caliph al-Mutawakkil, Nonos was imprisoned from ca. 856 until 861. Also wit... ...both external sources and from Nonos’s own writings we learn that, under the Abbasid  Caliph al-Mutawakkil, Nonos was imprisoned from ca. 856 until 861. Also wit...
268
...the Syriac tradition, to a compilation consisting of a collection of stories about  monks and solitaries (including Palladius’s ‘Historia Lausiaca’, but also m... ...the Syriac tradition, to a compilation consisting of a collection of stories about  monks and solitaries (including Palladius ’s ‘...
269
Proba Probus (probably 6th cent.)Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Proba
... and Komi in the ‘Catalogue’ of  ʿAbdishoʿ  has led to the view that he was associated with th...
270
QaraContributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Qara
... Town in the Qalamun mountains, Syria, ca. 95 km. northeast of Damascus and about  20 km. north of Nabk, often mentioned as a caravan station between Ḥimṣ and... ...ed or killed the Christians of Qara, which then became a Muslim town. It was able  to regain some of its Christian population in the following decades and to ...
271
Qiyore of Edessa Cyrus of Edessa (6th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Qiyore-of-Edessa
... Nisibis (ca. 533–8) he was a disciple of Mar  Aba  ; he subsequently taught at the School of ... ... Seleucia-Ctesiphon , and became its Director. After Mar Aba’s  death (552) he founded a monastery at Ḥirta ...
272
Qoro, Elias Malke (1881–1962) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Qoro-Elias-Malke
... appointed secretary to Patr.  ʿAbdullāh  Ṣaṭṭūf in 1906 and was ordained priest in 1908. He... ...11. In London, he met King Edward VI twice and dined at his table. He became abbot  of Dayr al-Zaʿfarān in 1911 and was appointed director of its printing ...
273
Raḥmani, Ignatius Ephrem II (1848–1929) [Syr. Cath.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Rahmani-Ignatius-Ephrem-II
... Sources  Abuna , Adab, 603–7. Macuch, Geschichte, 429–32. D.  Aphra...
274
... and rhythmic prose (sajʿ, for instance, by  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha ) as well as Arabic verse meters (ra... ...dy of authors like Ibn Sinā, Nāṣir al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī, Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī, and Abū  Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī contributed to new developments, e.g., in the works of ...
275
Reshʿayna TheodosiopolisContributor: Hidemi Takahashi Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Reshayna
... . Among the E.-Syr. authors mentioned by  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha are Daniel of Reshʿayna (ca. 550) (... ... Bar ʿEbroyo , ‘Chron. Eccl.’, ed. Abbeloos  and Lamy, I.281: Dayro da-Pgimto ʾawkit d-SPWLWS, which is mentioned he... ...arly-8th -cent. Sobho of the ‘Watchtower’, mentioned above , remains an open question (Loopstra argues for their identity). ...
276
Sahdona (Martyrius) (early 7th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Sahdona-Martyrius
...He lived as a monk of the Monastery of Beth ʿAbe  until some time between 635 and 640, when he was made ...
277
Saka, Yaʿqub (1864–1931) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Saka-Yaqub
... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 609–10. Barsoum, Scattered pearls, 523–4. Ma...
278
Salmān, Ḥanna (1914–1981) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Salman-Hanna
... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 573–74. Munūfar Barṣūm, Aḍwāʾ, 79–81. ...
279
Schulthess, Friedrich (1868–1922)Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Schulthess-Friedrich
... bis Chalcedon nebst einigen zugehörigen Dokumenten  Abhandlungen  der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. Philo...
280
Sergios of Reshʿayna (d. 536) [Syr. Orth.?]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Sergios-of-Reshayna
...ayn ibn Isḥaq über die syrischen und arabischen Galen-Übersetzungen  Abhandlungen  für die Kunde des Morgenlandes 19:2; 1925). R. ...
281
Shalliṭa of Reshʿayna (8th cent.?) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Shallita-of-Reshayna
... life, and his dates are uncertain. The ‘Catalogue’ of  ʿAbdishoʿ  (ch. 109) attributes to him various liturgical com... ... in a learned style incorporated into the liturgical collection known as the Abū  Ḥalīm (after its compiler, Patr. Eliya III [1176–90]). A considerable numbe...
282
Shamsi Clan [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Shamsi-Clan
... testimony that survives is given by Patr.  Abrohom  II Gharīb dated 25 July 1436, from which many ...
283
Shemʿon Shanqlawi Shemʿon of Shanqlabad (late 12th – early 13th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Shemon-Shanqlawi
...e aus syrischen Akten persischer Märtyrer [1880], 231–3). No information about  Shemʿon’s life is available, but some of his works are preserved. The first... .... Vat. Syr. 187, along with a commentary by  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha (see S. E. and J. S. Assemani, Bibl...
284
Shemʿon d-Ṭaybutheh (late 7th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Grigory Kessel URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Shemon-d-Taybutheh
...y of Rabban Shabur (modern southwest Iran).  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha attributes to him three books: on t... ...Lexicon of Bar Bahlul . ʿAbdishoʿ’s  list is to be supplemented by a group of short fragments of unidentified pr...
285
Shemʿun of Edessa (6th cent.?) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Shemun-of-Edessa
...tographic ed., GT, and commentary [not very helpful]) R. Köbert, ‘Zur Daniel Abhandlung  des Simeon von Edessa’, Biblica 63 (1982), 63–78. (with an improved GT)...
286
Shlemon of Baṣra Solomon of Baṣra (fl. 1222) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Jonathan A. Loopstra URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Shlemon-of-Basra
... town of Akhlat, located on the northwest coast of Lake Van. Little is known about  his life except that he was in attendance at the consecration of the Ch. of... ... Cath. Sabrishoʿ in 1222 (Assemani, BibOr, 3.1.453).  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha lists a number of Shlemon’s literar...
287
Siirt Seert, SʿertContributor: Amir Harrak URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Siirt
... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 491–6. Fiey, Pour un Oriens christianus novus, ...
288
Sobo, Malki al-Qas Afram (1895–1979) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Sobo-Malki-al-Qas-Afram
...r. Orth.] He was born in Arbo, Ṭur ʿAbdin  . He was ordained a priest for ...
289
Tell ʿAda, Monastery of [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Jonathan A. Loopstra URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Tell-Ada-Monastery-of
... to patr. Yoḥannan V bar  Abgare  . ...
290
Thābit b. Qurra (826?–901)Contributor: Hidemi Takahashi URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Thabit-b-Qurra
...aca.org/person/777 person A famous ‘Ṣābian’ scholar from the Abbasid  period, one of the few non-Christian authors known by name who composed wor... ... (826?–901)  Abū  al-Ḥasan Thābit b. Qurra b. Marwān al-Ṣābī al-Ḥarrānī, the most famous of t... ...Marwān al-Ṣābī al-Ḥarrānī, the most famous of the ‘Ṣābian’ scholars from the Abbasid  period, is one of the few non-Christian authors known by name who composed ...
291
TheanoContributor: Ute Possekel URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Theano
... Texts of the Hellenistic Period (Acta Academiae  Aboensis , Heft 30,1; 1968), 195–200. A.  Städele, Die Briefe des Pythagoras und der ...
292
Yawsep Huzaya (ca. 500) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yawsep-Huzaya
...nslation to Yawsep and are supported in this by  ʿAbdishoʿ  bar Brikha , the work is anonymous in the W.-Sy...
293
Yeshuʿ bar Khayrun (1275–1335) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Hubert Kaufhold URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yeshu-bar-Khayrun
... Author. He was born in 1275 in Ḥaḥ ( Ṭur ʿAbdin  ) as the son of the teacher and priest Ṣlibo, son o...
294
Yoḥannan Sullaqa (ca. 1510–1555) [Ch. of E. and then Chald.]Contributor: Herman G. B. Teule URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yohannan-Sullaqa
... Born in Mosul , he became monk and abbot  of the Monastery of Rabban Hormizd near ... ... on Yoḥannan Sullaqa, composed by his successor  ʿAbdishoʿ  of Gazarta . Yoḥannan Sulla... ... Masius ; the third is found in the panegyric of ʿAbdishoʿ  and clearly belongs to the Ch. of E. ...
295
Yoḥannan bar Penkaye (late 7th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yohannan-bar-Penkaye
...itled ‘The (spiritual) Merchant’, mentioned by  ʿAbdishoʿ  in his ‘Catalogue’ (he also lists some other works...
296
Yoḥannan of Beth Rabban (6th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yohannan-of-Beth-Rabban
...hool of Nisibis. Yoḥannan was a relative of  Abraham  ... of Beth Rabban and both he and Abraham  were probably related to Narsai , ... ...eir names. Yoḥannan may have served as an assistant or a co-administrator to Abraham  during the latter’s tenure as head of the School. It is noteworthy, however... ... Barḥadbshabba the historian, our main source on Abraham , does not mention Yoḥannan’s name at all, while the other Barḥadbshabba, th... ..., emphasizes Yoḥannan’s significance in the School. Like Abraham , Yoḥannan is credited with biblical commentaries, none of which have surviv... ... left with a chronological problem here, reminding us of how little is known about  this intriguing figure. ...
297
Yoḥannan of Dailam (d. 738) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yohannan-of-Dailam
...ary. He was a monk of the Monastery of Beth ʿAbe  , but was taken prisoner to Dailam; there, once he had ... ... Damascus , he is said to have healed a child of ʿAbd  al-Malik. He finally settled in Fars , near ...
298
Yoḥannan of Mosul (d. 1270?) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yohannan-of-Mosul
... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 441–3. Baumstark, ...
299
Yuḥanon Qashisho (1918–2001) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yuhanon-Qashisho
... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 577. Munūfar Barṣūm, Aḍwāʾ, 142–4. ...
300
al-Rāhib, Elias (1860–1949) [Chald.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/al-Rahib-Elias
... Sources  Abūna , Adab, 508–9. Macuch, Geschichte, 413–4. ...
301
...turn of the 20th cent. Patr. Peṭros III/IV and  ʿAbdullāh   II brought two printing presses in 1881 and 1889 from ...
302
Abrohom II Gharīb (d. 1412) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abrohom-II-Gharib
 Abrohom  ... II Gharīb https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Abrohom -II-Gharib http://syriaca.org/bibl/26 17 ...
303
Abrohom Naḥshirtono (d. 686) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abrohom-Nahshirtono
 Abrohom  ... Naḥshirtono https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Abrohom -Nahshirtono http://syriaca.org/bibl/27 18 ...
304
Albonesi, Teseo Ambrogio degli Theseus Ambrosius (1469 – ca. 1540)Contributor: Emanuel A. Fiano URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Albonesi-Teseo-Ambrogio-degli
... priest Joseph Kūri (Acurius), the deacon Moses, and the subdeacon Elias bar Abraham  (from whose hand came the first Syriac mss. to enter the Vatican Library). ... ...ed Hebrew in Rome with some Jewish scholars, among whom were Joseph Zarfati, Abraham  of Balmes, and a certain  ʿAbdias  (perhaps ʿObadiah Sforno, Reuchlin’s teacher). Zarfati, who, like the Leban... of Balmes, and a certain  ʿAbdias  (perhaps ʿObadiah Sforno, Reuchlin’s teacher). Zarfati, who, like the Leban... ..., presented for the first time in Europe a substantial amount of information about  the Syriac language, as well as Syriac texts of some length. Albonesi was a...
305
AleppoContributor: Hidemi Takahashi URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Aleppo
...was the bp. there when the city fell to the Mongols in 1260. Little is known about  the Syr. Orth. community in the subsequent period until the beginning of th... ... of Aleppo (Michael Ḍāhir, Peter Jarweh, George Chelhot, Antony Ḥayek, Peter ʿAbd  al-Aḥad), while two others were Metr. of Aleppo before ascending to the pat... ...reported to be approximately 35,000–40,000 Christians in the city, making up about  one third of the total population and including: 3,500 Syr. Catholics (4,00... ... significantly by those fleeing insecurity in Iraq since 2003. Little is known about  the sites of the medieval Syriac churches in Aleppo. The churches dating fr...
306
...s a visit by Alexander to China, which is an episode  absent  from all other texts. There is also a Modern Syriac version. 2. A narrative poe...
307
AlqoshContributor: Alessandro Mengozzi URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Alqosh
... Baghdad , etc.) or abroad , especially to the USA and UK. The town’s economy is based on agriculture (...
308
Antioch AntakyaContributor: Hidemi Takahashi URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Antioch
...f Maronites in Antioch, who together with the Latin rite Christians numbered about  fifty, alongside larger communities of Melkites numbering some 4,500 and Ar... ...rotto, the cave believed to be the site of the first church in Antioch, lies about  2 km. to the northeast of the town center. ...
309
ApameaContributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Apamea
...hority on the diocese. Eventually Syria Secunda was instrumental in bringing about  the restoration of Chalcedonian Orthodoxy in the Eastern Empire under the e... ... Gospels, with their extraordinary illuminations. Apamea was abandoned  in the early Islamic period and later fell into ruins. In 1930, a team of B...
310
ApocalypsesContributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Apocalypses
... , very probably dates from 691/2, the time of ʿAbd  al-Malik’s tax reforms and the building of the Dome of the Rock (ed. with G... ... Sargis Bḥira ) probably dates from about  the mid-9th cent. in its present form, but its roots may go back to the end...
311
Aqaq Acacius (late 5th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Aqaq
...hristians? Apart from the information in the Synodicon, very little is known about  Aqaq. The Chronicle of Siirt ...
312
Aristotle (384–322 BC)Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Aristotle
...nslations made in the course of the ‘translation movement’ patronised by the Abbasid  caliphs; the new translations also included many other works, beyond the ‘O...
313
Athanasios Aṣlan (d. 1741) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Athanasios-Aslan
...author, and translator. He was born in Amid to ʿAbd  al-Nūr and Narzkhan. Two of his brothers, Thoma and Yawseph, became priests...
314
... Athanasiana Syriaca, vol. 4 (CSCO 386–7; 1977). There is both a full and an abbreviated  form. 4. ‘On Virginity’ ( CPG ...
315
BahdeidatContributor: Erica Cruikshank Dodd URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Bahdeidat
...m. from Beirut , 550 m. above  sea level. The small church of Mar Tadros, which is nowadays Maronite, is b...
316
Bar ʿAli, Ishoʿ ʿĪsā b. ʿAlī, Yashūʿ b. ʿAlī (second half of the 9th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Aaron M. Butts URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Bar-Ali-Isho
... ʿAli states that he undertook its writing at the behest of a certain deacon Abraham . During his readings,  Abraham  had been employing the Lexicon of Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq as well as a Lexicon comp... . During his readings,  Abraham  had been employing the Lexicon of Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq as well as a Lexicon comp... ...iled by Ishoʿ of Merv . Abraham  seems to have been happy with the former, but less so with the latter. In a... ...appy with the former, but less so with the latter. In addition, according to Abraham , the lexicon of Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq and that of Ishoʿ of Merv differed at times... ...appy with the former, but less so with the latter. In addition, according to Abraham , the lexicon of Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq and that of Ishoʿ of Merv differed at times... ...ript found in some mss., and it is none other than the aforementioned deacon Abraham . The Lexicon of Bar ʿAli is an important source for Syriac lexicography. ...
317
...ocated around a peak 1600 m high at the south-western end of the Kaplı Dağı, above  the village of Peraş (1300  m) in the upper valley of the Kâhta Çayı and ap... ...ded as having died in Dayro d-Mor Barṣawmo, and was succeeded by Yuḥanon bar ʿAbdun  (1004–31), a monk of that monastery. Patr. Dionysios IV (1032–42) was force... ... Michael I Rabo (1166–99), who had been its abbot  before his election as patr. The monastery, which became the regular venue ... ... serious damage by fire in 1183. Michael I was succeeded as patr. by another abbot  of Dayro d-Mor Barṣawmo, Rabban Ṣaliba, who as patr. took the name Athanasi... ...) had to engage in a long dispute over the control of the monastery with its abbot  Yaʿqub and his influential brother Shemʿun of Qalʿa Rumoyto. His successor ... ..., centred around the town of Gargar (modern Gerger) and the Monastery of Mor Abḥai . Dayro d-Mor Barṣawmo, too, was reoccupied at that time, as is indicated by...
318
Baselios Gewargis (d. 1748) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Baselios-Gewargis
...n Aleppo to Ibrāhīm b.  ʿAbd  al-Nūr and Naslikhan. He became a monk in 1701, and was later ordained prie... ... bp. Bp.  ʿAbd  al-Aḥad of Jerusalem , and ...
319
Behnam, Dayro d-Mor Monastery of St. Behnam [formerly Syr. Orth., now Syr. Cath.]Contributor: Bas Snelders URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Behnam-Dayro-d-Mor
... monastery was looted in 1295 by the invading Mongol army of Khan Baidu. The abbot  of the monastery was subsequently  able  to persuade Baidu not only to return all the stolen objects, but even to ma... of the monastery was subsequently  able  to persuade Baidu not only to return all the stolen objects, but even to ma... ...urch in 1839, but continued to lead a poor existence until 1936, when Ephrem Abdal  established a new community of monks there. In addition to revitalizing Day... ...ks there. In addition to revitalizing Dayro d-Mor Behnam’s library, superior Abdal  (1936–66) initiated the first of a series of large-scale restorations, whic... ...ks there. In addition to revitalizing Dayro d-Mor Behnam’s library, superior Abdal  (1936–66) initiated the first of a series of large-scale restorations, whic...
320
... al-Anbār . The ‘Arab’ dioceses emerged under Abbasid  rule. They include: 1.  al-Qaṣr, between Baghdad and al-Kūfa; 2. Niffar (an... ... between Baghdad and al-Kūfa; 2. Niffar (ancient Nippur) and al-Nīl; 3.  ʿAbdāsi  and Nahrgūr, both in the southeast of Iraq; 4. al-Rādhān, al-Baradān, and B... ... between Baghdad and al-Kūfa; 2. Niffar (ancient Nippur) and al-Nīl; 3.  ʿAbdāsi  and Nahrgūr, both in the southeast of Iraq; 4. al-Rādhān, al-Baradān, and B... ...an’ Aramaic (quoted in Fiey 1990, 86), but it is not clear whether he speaks about  the situation of his own day or rather reflects notions of a much earlier p...
321
...n though the E. Syr. adopted Theodore of Mopsuestia, who was rather negative about  the authority of the Peshitta, as their exegete par excellence, and even though the W.-Syr. traditi... ... apart from 2 Peter, 2–3 John, and Jude; it also omitted Revelation. As stated above , for theological reasons Philoxenos of Mabbug preferred a more precise rend... ...ing the first centuries, ‘the Gospel’ referred to the Diatessaron. As stated above , Ephrem already knew the four separate Gospels in the Old Syriac Version; h...
322
... Patr. Libr. 12/1 (7th/8th?), and ms. Mingana Syr. 103 ( about  AD 790’, according to Mingana, but rather 8th/9th cent.). The oldest dated Gosp...
323
...text, but more frequently lections were added in the margins by later hands.  About  the 9th/10th  cent. the first lectionary mss. appear, with the readings in ...
324
Bnay Qyāmā, Bnāt Qyāmā sing. bar qyāmā, ba(r)t qyāmā Contributor: Robert A. Kitchen URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Bnay-Qyama-Bnat-Qyama
... Rule’ (Dem. 6.8). Celibacy is no longer a requirement for inclusion, nor is absolute  poverty required as almsgiving is encouraged. Fervent faith, evidenced in z...
325
Book of Steps Liber Graduum, Ktābā d-massqātā Contributor: Robert A. Kitchen URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Book-of-Steps
...e are: Preface by the editor of the collection; 1. Author’s introduction; 2. About  those who want to become Perfect; 3. The physical and spiritual ministry; 4... ...and of Satan; 26. On the second law which the Lord established for Adam; 27. About  the history of the thief who is saved; 28. On the fact that the human soul ... ...and of Satan; 26. On the second law which the Lord established for Adam; 27. About  the history of the thief who is saved; 28. On the fact that the human soul ...
326
Braun, Oskar (1862–1931)Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Braun-Oskar
...2). Chabot primarily based his work on the same Roman mss. as Braun, but was able  to obtain a second late 19th-cent. copy of the Alqosh ms. Even in the light... ... volume (39 letters) appeared; the second volume, which would have contained about  20 additional letters, remained unpublished, although some of these letters...
327
Brockelmann, Carl (1868–1956)Contributor: Hubert Kaufhold URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Brockelmann-Carl
... excellent memory, a distinct sense of order, a quick understanding, and the ability  to correctly assess the scope of a project, along with an unbending will an...
328
Chaldean Catholic ChurchContributor: Sebastian P. Brock James F. Coakley URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Chaldean-Catholic-Church
...g either as refugees in Syria and Lebanon, or as immigrants in the diaspora  above  all in North America), than remain in Iraq. ...
329
...the narratives of Alexis the Man of God and of Abraham  of Qidun (both of which reached Christian Palestinian Aramaic by way of Gre...
330
Chronicle of Edessa (mid-6th cent.)Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Chronicle-of-Edessa
... from the pre-Christian period (when Edessa was a kingdom under the Abgarids ) well into the time that most of Edessa was Christian. The work opens with ... ...d 84). The author’s language, however, becomes more personal when he reports about  the religious policy of Emperors Justin I (518–527) and Justinian (527–565)... ... It was only in the 4th cent., in his view, that ‘orthodox’ Christianity was able  to assert itself and to oppress ‘non-orthodox’ groups, whose literary histo... ...to oblivion or was deliberately erased. In addition, scholars have noted the absence  ... in the Chronicle of any reference to the conversion of the Abgarids  ... in the Chronicle of any reference to the conversion of the absence  ... in the Chronicle of any reference to the conversion of the Abgarids  or to the mission of Addai. This has contributed to the view that the legen...
331
...ssentially local, concentrating on the economy of the Jazīra under the early Abbasids . Several universal chronicles are known only by the names of their authors,... ...s Edessa under the  Abgarids  of Edessa and presumably elsewhere. Reference to the royal archives ...
332
ColophonsContributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Colophons
...t took him 340 hours, starting on 5 Jan. and finishing on 4 Feb. Information about  the place of writing, if not a monastery, may include the church, as well a...
333
... Brockelmann’s Lexicon Syriacum on a mainframe, but nothing more is known about  it. In the 1970s, the Göttingen-based Göttinger Syrische Konkordanz project...
334
Cyril of Jerusalem (ca. 315–387)Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Cyril-of-Jerusalem
...on of the Cross, ed. with ET, J. F. Coakley, in  AB  102 (1984), 71–84; and 2. on the attempted rebuild...
335
Dadishoʿ I (d. 456) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Dadisho-I
...Arabs’. Dadishoʿ is quoted at length in the account of the Synod: he reports about  his painful experience and is reluctant to resume leadership. The gathered ... ... A remarkable moment in the Synod is the participating bishops’ decision to  abolish  what they see as the right of Eastern Christians to lodge complaints agains... ...Roman Empire). Although no such right is recorded in any preserved text, its abolition  is presented as a step toward Dadishoʿ’s full rehabilitation. In recent sch... ...as a step toward Dadishoʿ’s full rehabilitation. In recent scholarship, this abolition  has sometimes been interpreted as a declaration of independence of the Ch. ... ...as a step toward Dadishoʿ’s full rehabilitation. In recent scholarship, this abolition  has sometimes been interpreted as a declaration of independence of the Ch. ...
336
Daniel of Mardin (1327 – after 1382) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Daniel-of-Mardin
...y dated 1172/3, published by J. Jarry (‘Un écrivain syriaque inconnu du Tur  Abdin ’, Syria 52 [1975] 131–7; on which see A. N. Palmer, in ...
337
Diamper, Synod of (20–27 June 1599)Contributor: Hidemi Takahashi URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Diamper-Synod-of
... trade, with the result, for example, that the Chald. bp. Mar Abraham , who had arrived in India in 1568, was summoned in 1585 to attend the Third... ...in practices in the liturgy of the Thomas Christians. Following the death of Mar Abraham  in 1597, Archbishop Aleixo (Alexis) de Menezes of Goa (1559–1617, Archbisho...
338
DiasporaContributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Diaspora
...nce, to Russia] in the case of the Chaldeans and Assyrians) and to the West, above  all at this stage to the Americas, both North and South. The flight of Assy... ...f states, in some of which churches have been built. The above  locations only cover countries where church communities have been establish... ...Suroyo TV, Assyrian TV); it has also made it possible to publish information about  the ...
339
Dionysios bar Ṣalibi (d. 1171) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Dionysios-bar-Salibi
...old, and perhaps considerably more. He was succeeded as bp. by his synkellos Abraham  who, however, died shortly afterwards (Michael, Chronicle, III, 354). ... ...That on the Pauline Epistles remains unpublished (for mss., see A. Vööbus in Abr  Nahrain 9 [1969/70], 39–42). The commentary on the Apocalypse preserves som... ...d become bp. of Marʿash. Dionysios states that his purpose was to provide an abbreviation  ... of previous commentators. At the end of the work he complains about  the barbarity and ignorance shown by the Syriac translator of Analytics  II... ... of previous commentators. At the end of the work he complains about  the barbarity and ignorance shown by the Syriac translator of Analytics  II...
340
Draguet, René (1896–1980)Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Draguet-Rene
... Scetis (CSCO 289–90, 293–4; 1968), the Commentary on Abba  Isaiah’s Asceticon by Dadishoʿ ...
341
...nians took hold of the city. Following its destruction, in 256, the city was abandoned  and fell into oblivion. Rediscovered in 1920, Dura was excavated mainly by ...
342
...giving rise to two different conceptions of how salvation for humanity comes about . For the Antiochenes, a concern for the transcendence of the divinity meant... ...not ‘mother of God’. By contrast, for the Alexandrians, salvation is brought about  by the divine Word ‘becoming’, but without change, fully human at the incar... ...not ‘mother of God’. By contrast, for the Alexandrians, salvation is brought about  by the divine Word ‘becoming’, but without change, fully human at the incar... ... this three technical terms became prominent in formulations of christology, above  all at the Council of Chalcedon: person (parṣopā; Greek prosopon), nature (... ... Definition, was acceptable to the Syr. Orth.), but attempts at bringing  about  agreement by Justinian and others failed, though this was very nearly achie... ...ch of the East and the Chaldean Catholic Church to inaugurate moves to bring about  the full ecclesial union of the two Churches; an important step towards thi...
343
EdessaContributor: Amir Harrak URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Edessa
...d Islamic traditions conveniently turned the city into the dwelling place of Abraham . In 304 BC, Seleucus I Nicator rebuilt the ancient settlement into a Hellen... ... enjoyed independence, being ruled by local kings (most of whom were named  Abgar  ... or Maʿnu) until AD 213 when it turned into a Roman colony (see Abgarids ). Christianity spread out in Mesopotamia probably through Edessa, and in an... ... Yeshuʿ the Stylite . In about  542 the city had a bishop named Yaʿqub Bur...
344
Eliya (mid-6th cent.) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Eliya-mid-6th-cent
... Yuḥanon of Tella . No information about  Eliya is available outside the Life itself. Eliya claims to have lived with...
345
...ues. The accounts they produced preserve practically no reliable information about  Ephrem; rather, they are constructed from a stereotypical repertoire of ane... ...ial inferior and an unlettered country-bumpkin whose fondest desire is to be able  to speak Greek. It is during Ephrem’s fictitious visit to Basil that his pu...
346
Gabriel Qamṣa (d. ca. 1300) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Gabriel-Qamsa
...), the founder of this monastery, as its main subject, but the author speaks about  him only after having given a long overview of salvation history. This begi... ... partly in eight-syllable rhymed verses, the poem has a convoluted style and abounds  in Greek words. While it has failed to charm modern scholars (Baumstark: ‘e... ... partly in eight-syllable rhymed verses, the poem has a convoluted style and abounds  in Greek words. While it has failed to charm modern scholars (Baumstark: ‘e... ... Yahbalaha III in 1281. No further details about  his life (nor  about  his name, which means ‘locust’) are known. Gabriel’s work has remained unpu... his life (nor  about  his name, which means ‘locust’) are known. Gabriel’s work has remained unpu...
347
...a’. None of them can be identified with otherwise known figures, though one  Abibos ) does have a Syriac name, but with a Greek ending; it seems likely that the... ...lation from the Greek (Childers). In the case of others, such as the Life of Abraham  and his niece Mary, the precise source, Greek, Syriac, or Arabic, remains t...
348
Graffin, François (1905–2002)Contributor: Françoise Briquel-Chatonnet URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Graffin-Francois
... was the professor of a whole generation of Syriac scholars, from France and abroad . In 1941, at the death of his uncle, he became director of the Patrologia O... ... Institute in Rome, was entrusted with the directorship. Graffin himself was  able  to complete two major multi-volume editions initiated by M. Brière: ...
349
...own only in Syriac, probably dates from the early 8th cent. (probably before ʿAbd  al-Malik’s death in 705), and is not preserved quite complete. It misleadin...
350
Gregory of Nyssa (ca. 330 – ca. 395)Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Gregory-of-Nyssa
...y’ ( CPG 3137), ‘to Ablabius ’ ( CPG 3139), ‘to Theophilus’ ( ... ...is attributed to Gregory, but this has been shown (Parmentier 1993) to be an abbreviation  of Philoxenos , Discourse 9. ...
351
Grigor I (d. ca. 610) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Grigor-I
... Babai the Great and Aba , Archdeacon of Seleucia, were in charge of the administration of the Ch. of...
352
Guillaumont, Antoine (1915–2000)Contributor: Françoise Briquel-Chatonnet URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Guillaumont-Antoine
...cularly to the Sahidic fragments of the Coptic version of the ‘Asceticon’ of Abba  Isaiah ( Isaiah of Scetis ... ...e ascetics lived. Using the texts and gleaning information from them, he was able  to identify the site of Kellia, a center of eremitic life situated between ...
353
HagiographyContributor: Susan Ashbrook Harvey URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Hagiography
...otifs, and themes that identified its men or women with biblical models, and above  all with gospel models of Christ. The saint was always presented as one who... ...ling, teaching, or ministry in life, or by a holy death. It could be written about  historical persons or legendary figures, but always it presented and confor... ... familiar models that emerged over the late antique period: the holy bishop, abbot  historical persons or legendary figures, but always it presented and confor... ... familiar models that emerged over the late antique period: the holy bishop, about  historical persons or legendary figures, but always it presented and confor... ... familiar models that emerged over the late antique period: the holy bishop, abbot , or monk; the holy nun, widow, or penitent harlot; the holy layman or laywo... ...atives and deeply influenced by Greek biographical traditions, such as those about  Rabbula of Edessa ... ...ary forms that mutually interacted across languages. Hagiographical writings about  Syr. saints were written in Greek (e.g., by Th...
354
...rn critic, but he was aware of the non-uniformity of the Greek text. He knew about  different textual traditions and that translating a single Greek ms. (like ...
355
Harris, James Rendel (1852–1941)Contributor: Naomi Koltun-Fromm URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Harris-James-Rendel
...erved as director of the Woodbrooke Institute, Birmingham (UK), where he was able  to combine his love for ancient textual studies and Quaker spirituality. ... ...social history behind the variant textual traditions he studied. Rendel Harris’s abiding  interest in collecting, editing and decoding ancient Christian manuscripts,...
356
... the Egyptian Wadi al-Natrun in search of Syriac and Coptic mss., but he was  able  to obtain only a few Coptic folios from St. Macarius Monastery. After his r...
357
Hiba Ibas (d. 457)Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Hiba
...ous letter to a certain Mari, ‘the Persian’, in which he bitterly complained about  Rabbula’s actions against the writings of Theodore, who increasingly was se... ...lcedon (451), and Hiba was rehabilitated as bp. of Edessa, a position he was able  to hold until his death. Nearly a century after his dea...
358
...lies from nearby Alqosh took the lead in ms. production. Among these was the Abuna  family, who also provided the patriarchs for one of the patriarchal lines o... ... also the first schism with the Chaldean church originated, when in 1552 its abbot  Yoḥannan Sullaqa ... ... the Ch. of E. disagreed with the choice of a new potential successor (naṭar kursi) from the Abuna  family. Despite Sullaqa’s relative success in acquiring papal consecration ...
359
Ḥubeika, Joseph (1878–1944) [Maron.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Hubeika-Joseph
...f poems under the title Recueil de poèmes syriaques (n. d., but according to  Abūna  published by his brother Peter Ḥubeika in 1952). He also wrote a pocket Syr...
360
Isḥaq of Nineveh (late 7th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ishaq-of-Nineveh
...ee short works by Yoḥannan of Dalyatha , and an abbreviated  form of Philoxenos ’s ‘Letter to Patricius’. T...
361
Isḥaq (ca. fl. 399/400–410/11) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ishaq
...ved at the end of the 4th cent. In this new political environment, Isḥaq was able  to lay the foundation for the organization of the Christian communities, wi... ...rbela , and Karka. Other canons contain instructions about  liturgy (canon  9) and  about  the celebration of Christian feasts (canon 13). Some canons specifically ai... liturgy (canon  9) and  about  the celebration of Christian feasts (canon 13). Some canons specifically ai...
362
Ishoʿdnaḥ (9th cent.) [Ch. of E]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ishodnah
... Sasanian and early Arab periods. The work consists of 140 short notices  about  monastic figures, mostly founders of monasteries, beginning with Mar ...
363
Isḥoq ʿAzar (1647–1724) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ishoq-Azar
...named Giwargis. Isḥoq was consecrated bp. for the monastery in 1684 by Patr. ʿAbdulmasīḥ  I. Later, he was installed as maph. in 1687 by his uncle Patr. ... ... on 8 Feb. Due to deteriorating health, he voluntarily abdicated  in 1723 and left for Mosul where he died in 1724. He was buried in the Chur...
364
Ishoʿyahb II of Gdala (d. ca. 646) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ishoyahb-II-of-Gdala
... . His only surviving writings are: a long letter to Rabban  Abraham  of Beth Madaye on christology (ed. Sako, with FT), a profession of faith (p...
365
... Antioch by Peter the Fuller about  475. During the confusion that followed upon Emperor Zeno’s expulsion of Pe... ...nably the ‘Life of Peter the Iberian’, to which we owe much of our knowledge about  the first generation of opposition to Chalcedon. The text has been anonymou... ... (512–18) and consists of a collection of eighty-nine anecdotes about  prophesies, visions, and other signs received by holy men against the counc...
366
John bar Aphtonia (d. 537) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Jeff W. Childers URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/John-bar-Aphtonia
... non-Chalcedonian monasteries (ca. 530). The group chose John to be their  Abbot  and founded the Monastery of Qenneshre ...
367
...ption near a now vanished saint (Domatius?), and St. Lawrence with an angel. Above  this zone, fragments indicate that the walls were originally considerably h... ...on in his writing from 1283/84 (A.G. 1595), which also furnishes the name of Aba  Simaʿan b. Jaqir (bp. Simeon son of Jaqir), ‘the first superior of this hol...
368
... an account of his journey to India, sent by Khusrau I. The autobiography is absent  from the 6th-cent. Syriac translation, but is to be found at the end of the...
369
... from Batrun. Ruins near the present agglomeration mark the site of an abandoned  village with a small church known as the Chapel of Saydat Kharāʾib (Our Lad...
370
Khouri-Sarkis, Gabriel (1898–1968) [Syr. Cath.]Contributor: Joseph P. Amar URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Khouri-Sarkis-Gabriel
...rs in Europe, he founded L’Orient Syrien, a scholarly journal of information  about  Syriac Christianity geared to the interested non-specialist. The fledgling ...
371
Leloir, Louis (1911–1992)Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Leloir-Louis
...niversity of Louvain. For extended periods he served as Novice Master in the Abbey  of St. Maurice in Clairvaux (Luxembourg), and then at the  Abbey  of St. Paul de Wisques (France). In 1953–54 Leloir re-edited the Armenian ... of St. Maurice in Clairvaux (Luxembourg), and then at the  Abbey  of St. Paul de Wisques (France). In 1953–54 Leloir re-edited the Armenian ... ... published in 1963; just over 20 years later, the Chester Beatty Library was able  to purchase some further folios of the same ms., and these too were edited ... ...ctionnaire de Spiritualité. Given his expertise in Armenian, he was also able  to write authoritatively on the relationship between Syriac and Armenian ...
372
LiturgyContributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Liturgy
...rgical rites can be grouped into families, the eastern ones being associated above  all with Constantinople, Antioch , ... .... for the W.-Syr. tradition, whereas E.-Syr. ones only rarely survive before about  the 12th ... ... 12th cent. It must have been from about  the 7th cent. that the Maron. and Syr. Orth. liturgical traditions began to... ... III, and/or with the usage of ‘the Upper Monastery’ (of Mar Gabriel and Mar Abraham , Mosul ). Many new tex... ...arly centuries of the 2nd millennium, in particular prose texts by Eliya III Abū  Ḥalīm (d. 1190), verse texts by Gewargis Warda ... ... from Greek, while others were composed in Syriac, the latest belonging to  about  the middle of the 2nd millennium. Both mss. and printed editions vary great... ...he prose Sedre (which are usually transmitted separately in mss., and so are absent  from the Pampakuda edition). An  abbreviated  and adapted English version of the Mosul edition was made by Fr. Francis Ac...
373
Loʿozar bar Sobtho Lazarus (early 9th cent.) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Loozar-bar-Sobtho
..., in which Loʿozar apparently tried to find a compromise between attributing absolute  power to providence on the one hand or freewill on the other hand. Elsewher... ...ar’s letters, while in his ‘Ethicon’ the Maphryono states that Loʿozar wrote about  ... the origins of Syriac liturgical chant and about  ... the origins of Syriac liturgical chant and about  ... the origins of Syriac liturgical chant and about  the introduction in the Syriac churches of the ‘qonune’ of John of ...
374
Loʿozar of Beth Qandasa (8th cent.?) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Loozar-of-Beth-Qandasa
...tten by one of Loʿozar’s disciples, Giwargis of Beth Naqe, gives information about  his teacher, who is said to have been a scholar in the investigation of dog... ... f. 149v; see also Barsoum, 366). Additional information about  Loʿozar’s disciples or his school may be gathered from ms. Damascus, Syr. O...
375
MaʿadContributor: Erica Cruikshank Dodd URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Maad
...m. from Beirut , 525 m. above  sea level. The Church of Mar Charbel is built on the remains of a 1st-cent....
376
Malabar Catholic Church Syro-Malabar Catholic ChurchContributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Malabar-Catholic-Church
...nted, thus marking the beginnings of an indigenous hierarchy, which was only able  to develop again in the 20th cent. In 1923 Ernakulam was m... ...Syriac literature has ever been produced in S. India, numerous literary and, above  all, liturgical mss. were copied there, and in the 19th and earlier part of...
377
...inister under the jurisdiction of the Mafryono and his companions. Squabbles about  money and jurisdiction prevented this intended outcome, and Mar Thoma V die... ... and jurisdiction prevented this intended outcome, and Mar Thoma V died in  about  1765, without having been re-consecrated, but having himself consecrated hi... ... and jurisdiction prevented this intended outcome, and Mar Thoma V died in  about  1765, without having been re-consecrated, but having himself consecrated hi... ...r Thoma Syrian Church). The community has always been Syr. Orth. in rite. It has about  15 churches and priests, and several schools. The Church is active in ecume...
378
Malankara Catholic Church Syro-Malankara Catholic ChurchContributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Malankara-Catholic-Church
...Daughters of Mary. An important liturgical contribution was made by the late  abbot  of the Kurisumala Ashram, Fr. Francis Acharya (Mahieu; 1912–2002) in the fo...
379
Malankara Syriac Orthodox Church Jacobite Syrian Christian ChurchContributor: Thomas Joseph URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Malankara-Syriac-Orthodox-Church
...ntly consecrated canonically by the first Syr. Orth. delegate, Mor Gregorios ʿAbdel  al-Jaleel, who arrived in 1665. He was succeeded by eight indigenous metrop... ...alankara from the 17th cent. onwards. Prominent among them are Mor Gregorios ʿAbd  al-Jaleel, bp. of Jerusalem (arrived 1665, died 1671, interred at North Par... ...hengannur), Mor Dioscoros Yuḥanon (arr. 1806, departed 1809), Mor Athanasios ʿAbd  al-Masīḥ (arr. 1825, dep. 1827), Mor Kurillos Yuyakim (arr. 1846, d. 1874, ... ... (arr. 1909/1927, d. 1962, int. Manjinikkara), Rabban  ʿAbd  al-Aḥad (later Patr. Yaʿqub III) (arr. 1933, dep. 1946), Rabban Mushe Salam... ...959), Rabban Aphrem Paulose (arr. 1960, dep. 1964), and Mor Timotheos Aphrem Aboodi  (arr. 1965, dep. 1973). Patr. Petros III/IV was the first patriarch to visi... ...es and Institutions with four bishops including the Patriarchal delegate and about  30 churches. The major monasteries of the Malankara Syriac Orthodox Church ... ...esides over the autonomous Honovar St. Antony’s Mission; the Association has about  45 churches, 10 educational institutions, and other charitable organization... ...esides over the autonomous Honovar St. Antony’s Mission; the Association has about  45 churches, 10 educational institutions, and other charitable organization...
380
...r strangers. The custodian had to leave the city for a while and, during his absence , the Man of God died and was buried with the poor. Distraught at the news, ...
381
...h Missionary Society who arrived in 1816. Under their influence Palakunnathu Abraham , a Malpan from Maramon, agitated for the removal of some liturgical and cul... ...Maramon, agitated for the removal of some liturgical and cultural practices. Abraham  was simultaneously genuinely committed to W.-Syr. identity, including the u... ... al-Zaʿfarān , who, in 1842, consecrated a nephew of Abraham  Malpan as Mathews Mar Athanasios. His pursuit of reform was inconsistent. H... ...s travelled to Kottayam in the face of many threats and consecrated a son of Abraham  Malpan with the title Titus Mar Thoma. Since then, Thozhiyur bishops have a... ...f North India, though the Mar Thoma Church has said that it does not wish to abandon  its eastern heritage by uniting with the two western-derived Churches. The ... ...orm. Whereas the Malabar Catholic Church has engaged in an active debate about  freeing itself from colonially-imposed theological method and rediscovering...
382
... Shimʿun of Ṣalaḥ, followed by another renovation by his successor Gregorios ʿAbd  al-Aḥad b. Fanna of Mardin . Other ... ... , during 1780–92 by Gregorios Bshara, and during 1833–40 by Gregorios ʿAbd  al-Aḥad Dajjala. The last two renovations from the 19th cent. were done by ... ...ajjala. The last two renovations from the 19th cent. were done by Ostethewos ʿAbd  al-Nūr of Edessa during ...
383
...lcedonians eventually adopted Byzantine liturgical usage. As a result of the absence  of a Chalcedonian ...
384
MaryContributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Mary
...ie two different conceptualizations of how salvation for humanity is brought about  by Christ. For the W.-Syr. tradition the Word of God descends and underpins...
385
MasoraContributor: Andreas Juckel URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Masora
...ze of the materials may differ. a. The first and largest section (for title, see above ) consists of extracts taken from all books of the OT and NT ... ... The differences of the sections in arrangement and size (and the total  absence  of several items from some mss.) suggest a textual development and history ... ...e ‘Masoretic’ mss. seem to be of no great critical value on account of their abridged  and selective way of quotation. Nevertheless, ‘Masoretic’ mss. have been ex...
386
...t. Monasticism took various forms in the monastery, including monks who were ʾabile  ‘anchorites’, ḥbiše ‘recluses’, and ʾiḥidoye ‘hermits’, but others preferre... ... cent., the Kurds raided the monastery many times, and as a result it was  abandoned  for 12 years. Later that century, Oswald Parry, a delegate of the Archbisho...
387
MeliteneContributor: Hidemi Takahashi URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Melitene
...s that there was a long interruption after Domitian, no doubt reflecting the absence  of Syr. Orth. Christians in the area. The list resumes with names of four b... ...e wealth created through this resettlement became a major factor in bringing about  the revival of cultural activities among Syr. Christians which has come to ... ... bar Ṣalibi . Of the Patriarchs from the period, Yuḥanon bar ʿAbdun  (1004–31), Yuḥanon X bar Shushan ... ...ke of Melitene as the large city under the jurisdiction of Patr. Yuḥanon bar ʿAbdun , with 56 churches and 60,000 arms-bearing Christians in the city and its su... ...elitene, namely Laqabin, ʿArqo, Qlisuro, Gubos, Ṣemḥo, Qlawdiya, and Gargar  Abbeloos  and Lamy, Gregorii Barhebraei chronicon ecclesi... ...n population of the city consisted almost entirely of Armenians, who made up about  one tenth of the total population of 30,000 (V.  Cuinet, La Turquie d’Asie,...
388
Meliton the Philosopher (2nd or 3rd cent.)Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Meliton-the-Philosopher
... originating from Syria or Mesopotamia, perhaps from the city of Mabbug,  about  whose early pagan cults the author seems to have been well informed. ...
389
.... Formerly dated to earlier in the 7th cent., it is now thought to date from about  692, during the reign of  ʿAbd  al-Malik (685–705). The first 7 chapters cover the period up to the rebuild... 692, during the reign of  ʿAbd  al-Malik (685–705). The first 7 chapters cover the period up to the rebuild...
390
MosulContributor: Amir Harrak URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Mosul
... patr. in 649. During the Umayyad and Abbasid  periods, Mosul was of prime importance, being a trade, commercial, and agri...
391
Mūsā al-Ḥabashī, Dayr Mār [formerly Syr. Orth., now Syr. Catholic]Contributor: Erica Cruikshank Dodd URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Musa-al-Habashi-Dayr-Mar
...rton and Moritz late in the 19th cent., but some time thereafter was totally abandoned  and fell into ruin. The fortress-like building was approached through a sma... ...his saint became associated with the monastery on the arrival of a number of Abyssinian  monks in the 15th cent. (Cruikshank Dodd). These monks from Mar Girgios al-... ... (of the Ethiopians), to Mār Mūsā al-Ḥabashi (the Ethiopian) might have come about  naturally in the process of time. A hand encased in a silver casket purport... ...rist on the triumphal arch with what appear to be archangels at either side. Above  these figures there may have been painted the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste (Imm... ...isle. In the southern aisle, an image of Samson and the Lion is painted high above  the western arch. At the east end, there may have been an early Baptism in ... ...isle. In the southern aisle, an image of Samson and the Lion is painted high above  the western arch. At the east end, there may have been an early Baptism in ... ...ing horsemen, George and Theodore, Bacchos and Sergios charge down the nave, above  the arches, towards the apse. The remains of two other riding saints are vi... ...eir gospels fill the spandrels. On the western wall is a great Last Judgment above  which is the Traditio clavium and the Traditio Legis, of which only the low...
392
Mushe bar Kipho (d. 903) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: James F. Coakley URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Mushe-bar-Kipho
... on the Tigris), and writer. Almost all that is known about  him comes from a short anonymous biography (in two recensions, BHO 779–80) ...
393
NagranContributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Nagran
...atr. Timotheos was able  to integrate the descendants of the exiles into the Ch. of E. In one of his...
394
Nestorios of Beth Nuhadra (d. ca. 800) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Nestorios-of-Beth-Nuhadra
... he had to be cleared from any mistrust concerning his orthodoxy. His formal abjuration  of messalianism and other heterodox teachings (preserved among Patr. ... ...stilled in us (weakened by sin but reinvigorated by Christ’s coming), we are able  ... to receive God’s fire. He also maintains that man indeed is able  to see God in a spiritual vision, a hotly debated question in Nestorios’s d... ... to receive God’s fire. He also maintains that man indeed is able  to see God in a spiritual vision, a hotly debated question in Nestorios’s d...
395
Nilus the Solitary (4th/5th cent.)Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Nilus-the-Solitary
...ek monastic author. A number of writings in Greek are associated with Nilus, abbot  of a monastery near Ankyra (Ankara); among these are several which are in f...
396
Nöldeke, Theodor (1836–1930)Contributor: Hubert Kaufhold URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Noldeke-Theodor
... Near Eastern studies of his day even though due to poor health he never was able  to visit the Middle East. Through him, Strasbourg became a center of Near E... ...ter of Near Eastern studies in Germany. He had many students, including from abroad ; he maintained contacts with many scholars and enjoyed international esteem... ...ter of Near Eastern studies in Germany. He had many students, including from abroad ; he maintained contacts with many scholars and enjoyed international esteem...
397
... the main text is presented on the lower portion of the parchment and an  abbreviated  summary occurs on the top. This top section would have originally been roll... ...he chronology of the last kings of Edessa (see Abgarids ). P. Dura 28 shows that the  Abgarid  dynasty must have come to an end in 212/213 when the city became a Roman co... ...is of P. Euphrates 19, which states that 28 Dec. 240 is the 2nd year of king Abgar , it can be established that the dynasty was restored in 239 (or late 238) u... ... can be established that the dynasty was restored in 239 (or late 238) under Abgar  X, son of Maʿnu. Finally, it seems that Edessa must have reverted to a colo... ... can be established that the dynasty was restored in 239 (or late 238) under Abgar  X, son of Maʿnu. Finally, it seems that Edessa must have reverted to a colo...
398
ʿOnithā Contributor: Alessandro Mengozzi URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Onitha
... , 2nd half of the 13th cent.) and Brikhishoʿ bar Eshkafe  abbot  of Beth Qoqa, 14th cent.?). The ʿonit...
399
Papa bar ʿAggai (d. between 327 and 335) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Papa-bar-Aggai
... opponents was Miles, bp. of Susa (martyred in 345). The Acts of Miles speak about  the incident in terms very unfavorable to Papa; the report by ... ... Dadishoʿ (424), takes Papa’s side and is negative about  ... Miles; Bar ʿEbroyo’s summary report is neutral and dispassionate. Upset about  the accusations that Miles brought forth against him at the synod, Papa is ... ...tempt and defiance. As a result his hand was paralyzed. The sources disagree about  whether Papa subsequently was deposed and  about  the accusations that Miles brought forth against him at the synod, Papa is ... whether Papa subsequently was deposed and  about  the accusations that Miles brought forth against him at the synod, Papa is ... ...tempt and defiance. As a result his hand was paralyzed. The sources disagree about  whether Papa subsequently was deposed and  about  how long he lived after the incident. Agapetos used the incident around Pap...
400
Pawla of Edessa (early 7th cent.) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Pawla-of-Edessa
... (ed. E. W. Brooks, in PO 6.1, 7.5; 1910–11). He is probably also the  Abbas  ... Pawla’ who translated the pericope John 7:50–8:12, absent  from the Peshitta and Ḥarqlean. He is commemorated in one liturgical calend... ... Pawla’ who translated the pericope John 7:50–8:12, absent  from the Peshitta and Ḥarqlean. He is commemorated in one liturgical calend...
401
Pawlos the Philosopher Pawlos the Persian (mid-6th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Pawlos-the-Philosopher
...nt.) [Ch. of E.] Author of philosophical works. Little is known about  Pawlos’s life. Two works, explicitly attributed to him are preserved in Syr... ...ourt, thus preparing the ground for the ambitious translation project of the Abbasid  rulers in the Islamic period. See also Pawlos the ...
402
PeshittaContributor: Bas ter Haar Romeny Craig E. Morrison URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Peshitta
...f the participle, ‘simple’, could be interpreted as ‘single’ rather than as  abstaining  from eloquent language’. This also assumes that the name was intended to co... ...2 Kings 17:27–8), by the Apostles, by Mark the Evangelist, or in the time of Abgar . Modern scholars would agree with Theodore of Mopsuestia that the name of the ... ...50. Chronicles, and perhaps also Ezra and Nehemiah, may have been translated about  fifty years later. Origin and Dating of the NT Peshitta The... ... Syriac Version and the Diatessaron. The Peshitta did not abruptly  replace the Old Syriac. M. Black (1953) argued for the existence of an earl... ...avid , Syr. Cath. Archbishop of Damascus, and George ʿAbdishoʿ  Khayyāṭ, Chaldean Archbishop of Diyarbakır; it was published by the ...
403
Peter of Kallinikos (2nd half of 6th cent.) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Lionel R. Wickham URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Peter-of-Kallinikos
...e Damian and the ‘Damianites’) and who therefore spread the libellous report about  us of holding the heathen dogmas of the Tritheists; b. a treatise originall...
404
Porphyry (ca. 232 – ca. 305)Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Porphyry
... Bardaiṣan on the Indian Brahmans (‘On Abstinence ’ IV.17, and at greater length, ‘On the Styx’, in Porphyrius, Fragmenta, ...
405
...of monks from the monastery of St. Thomas near Seleucia Pieria, where he was Abbot , to the banks of the Euphrates and there founded Qenneshre ca. 530; some ev... ...ry and inscriptions already found offer the prospect of much new information about  the history of the monastery. At present, further excavations at the site a...
406
Qurillona Cyrillona (late 4th cent.)Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Qurillona
... 396. Nothing else is known of his life (he has sometimes been identified as Absamya , reputedly a nephew of Ephrem, who is said to have written a poem on an inc...
407
...he 16th cent. There has been much discussion among scholars about  the question of whether the quire with the illuminations (f. 1–14) and the ...
408
Rhétoré, Jacques Yaʿqo Nukhraya, Yoḥannan bar Qushta (1841–1921)Contributor: Alessandro Mengozzi URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Rhetore-Jacques
...in the mountains between Van and Mosul. He stayed in Van until 1908, but was absent  between 1894 and 1897, to take up an appointment as lecturer in Chaldean an... ... the pseudonym Yaʿqo Nukhraya ‘Jacques l’Étranger’. In 1896, during his stay abroad , some of these texts were edited rather unsatisfactorily under the name of ...
409
Romanos the Melodist (ca. 485 – ca. 560)Contributor: William L. Petersen URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Romanos-the-Melodist
...d during his own life for his popular hymns, he is reported to have composed about  a thousand kontakia, although only 59 have been preserved. (Another 29 kont...
410
Sabrishoʿ I (d. 604) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Sabrisho-I
... was born ca. 525. He lived as a shepherd before his village priest saw his  ability  and started teaching him. Sabrishoʿ then went on to the School of Nisibis, after which he lived an ... ... of Khusrau II) he convened a synod to deal with various doctrinal and other abuses . The acts of the synod contain a preamble which includes a statement of fai... ...s “of Bar Qaiti”), and a Letter by Sabrishoʿ to the same monks. The tešboḥtā Abun  dba-šmayyā qaddiš ba-kyāneh is attributed to Sabrishoʿ in some sources (but... ... Mar-Jabalaha, de trois autres patriarches..., 288–331); the notices  about  him in the Chronicle of Siirt (LXV–LXXII; PO ...
411
Salomon, Désiré (1838–1914) [Chald.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz James F. Coakley URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Salomon-Desire
...was a priest of the Latin, not the Chaldean, rite. He was generally known as Aba  or ‘Père’ Salomon.) On his return to Persia he joined the Lazarist mission ...
412
Sargis Bḥira Sergios BaḥiraContributor: Barbara H. Roggema URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Sargis-Bhira
...olemics between Muslims and Syriac-speaking Christians burgeoned, the rumors about  this Christian tutor of the Prophet were spun out into the Syriac ‘Legend o... ... This story relates how a monk received an apocalyptic vision on Mount Sinai about  the imminent rise of Arab rule. In this vision, a sequence of theriomorphic... ... of Gen 17:20 regarding the twelve princes of Ishmael, while the rule of the Abbasids  the imminent rise of Arab rule. In this vision, a sequence of theriomorphic... ... of Gen 17:20 regarding the twelve princes of Ishmael, while the rule of the about  the imminent rise of Arab rule. In this vision, a sequence of theriomorphic... ... of Gen 17:20 regarding the twelve princes of Ishmael, while the rule of the Abbasids  is projected to end with Caliph al-Maʾmūn (r. 813–833). It is described how... ... is destined to become the leader of the Arabs. The monk also tells Muḥammad  about  his religion and instructs him in a simplified form of Christianity. He urg... ...onk eventually codifies in the Qurʾān. The legend ends with another prophecy about  ... the political and social turmoil under the Abbasids 
413
...hern Mesopotamia. Its local kings, whose dynastic line appears to go back to about  130 BC (see  Abgarids  of Edessa), used a version of the script which by the 1st cent. had ... ...ssociation with the Ch. of E., is often called ‘Nestorian’. It is known from about  600, but became very distinctive much later (13th cent.). ... ...ally Syriac (like Hebrew and Arabic) developed vowel signs which were placed above  and below the consonants. Two systems emerged, probably in the 8th cent., a...
414
...cent. BC as a Hellenistic center by Seleucus I Nicator. Seleucia was largely abandoned  for a new center at Ctesiphon during the Parthian period, possibly due to a...
415
Severos, Commentary of the monk Catena Severi (9th cent.) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Severos-Commentary-of-the-monk
...ral parts attributed to Ephrem in his Ephrem edition (1737–1740), but in the absence  of any tools for the critical study of Ephrem, he was unable to address the...
416
Severos bar Mashqo (d. 684) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Severos-bar-Mashqo
... support of the Muslim Caliphs. A conflict arose with some metropolitan bps. about  the right of ordination of suffragan bps. When Severos refused to leave tha...
417
Severus of Antioch (d. 538) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Severus-of-Antioch
...phies of Severus survive; of these the two most important are those by John, abbot  of the monastery of Beth Aphtonia (John bar Aphtonia), and ...
418
Shaʿya, Elias (1895–1970) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Shaya-Elias
...ool and renovated the Syriac mss. of the Mart Shmuni Church. He served as an abbot  of Dayro d-Mor Matay ...
419
SogdianContributor: Ilya Yakubovich URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Sogdian
...a in the period before the Islamization of the area. The absolute  majority of all Christian texts known to us in Sogdian transmission stems f...
420
Strothmann, Werner (1907–1996)Contributor: Hubert Kaufhold URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Strothmann-Werner
...s years at Göttingen, Strothmann’s focus was on Syriac studies, which he was able  to promote vigorously in Germany and to which he attracted a great number o...
421
SymmachusContributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Symmachus
... and from another equally unknown Symmachus, the author of a prose Life of  Abel  (ed. with ET, S. P. Brock, LM 87 [1974], 467–92; ...
422
Tagrit Tikrit, TakritContributor: Amir Harrak URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Tagrit
...contained coins dated as late as 1225, and offered wall paintings, graves of abbots  buried along with their crosses and staffs, and Syriac inscriptions and rec... ...e rise of such great authors as the theologian and apologist Ḥabīb b. Khidmā Abū  Rāʾita (fl. 828), Anṭun of Tagrit ...
423
Tatian (ca. 120 – ca. 185)Contributor: William L. Petersen URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Tatian
...ools, he eventually converted to Christianity and ended up in Rome, probably about  150. There he became a student of Justin Martyr and eventually had his own ... ...ection according to the Savior’ lost; 6. ‘To those who have propounded ideas about  God’ reported as a planned treatise; whether ever written is unknown. ...
424
...s moved to Burj Ḥammūd where it remains. By T.M.S.’s Golden Jubilee in 1949, about  160 students had graduated from the orphanage, some of whom became luminari...
425
Testament of our Lord Jesus Christ Testamentum Domini nostri Jesu ChristiContributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Testament-of-our-Lord-Jesus-Christ
...mposed by the translator (thus Drijvers). The Testament was taken over in an abbreviated  form in the Syr. Orth. ‘Synodicon’ in ms. Damascus Patr. 8/11. In Arabic an...
426
Theodore of Mopsuestia (ca. 350–428)Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Theodore-of-Mopsuestia
... ’s letter to Mari the Persian was read, which spoke about  Theodore in positive terms, later he again was targeted for his allegedly N...
427
Theodoret of Cyrrhus (393–466)Contributor: Robert A. Kitchen URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Theodoret-of-Cyrrhus
...epsimas of Cyrrhus (fl. late 4th cent.); 16. Maron of Cyrrhus (d. 410s); 17. Abraham  of Cyrrhus (d. 420s); 18. Eusebius of Asikha (d. 430s); 19. Salamanes by th... ...e Monks’ survive in Syriac translation (Yaʿqub of Nisibis, Yulyana Saba, and Abraham  of Ḥarran ), and there ...
428
Theodoros bar Wahbun (d. 1193) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Hubert Kaufhold URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Theodoros-bar-Wahbun
... direction, and subsequently imprisoned in the Monastery of Barṣawmo. He was able  to escape and made it to Jerusalem , where ...
429
Theodosios of Edessa (late 8th – early 9th cent.) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Theodosios-of-Edessa
...llowed by some agitation among the Edessenians, which Quryaqos, however, was able  to lay to rest ( Michael Rabo , XII.7; Syr. 493... ... Bar ʿEbroyo (Ecclesiastical History, ed. Abbeloos  and Lamy, vol. 1, 361–64) attributes to him a Syriac translation of the poe...
430
Theodotos of Amid (d. 698) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Jack B. Tannous URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Theodotos-of-Amid
... Theodotos left Amid and founded his own monastery near the monastery of Mar Abay  at Qeleth. There he would die on 15 Aug. 698. The Syria...
431
Theophilos of Edessa (d. 785) [Maron.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Theophilos-of-Edessa
...Theophilos, who is said to have been a Maronite, served as astrologer to the Abbasid  Caliph al-Mahdī (r. 775–785) and wrote in Arabic several works on astrology... ... historians drew: the Byzantine historian Theophanes (who must have known an abridged  Greek translation) and the Melkite Agapius of Manbij, who wrote in Arabic. ... ...f overlap between the Maronite Chronicle and the ‘common source’ referred to above . Sources ...
432
Timotheos II of Alexandria Timothy Ailouros (d. 477) [Miaphysite]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Timotheos-II-of-Alexandria
...K. Ter Mekerttschian and E. Ter-Minassiantz, 1908; text only) but only in an abridged  form in Syriac (not yet fully published). Several of his letters and a refu...
433
Tsereteli, Konstantin Constantine Tsereteli (1921–2004)Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Tsereteli-Konstantin
... Caucasian and Eastern languages, including Old Persian, Classical Armenian, Abkhaz , and Avar, adding Hebrew and Aramaic when he was a graduate student. He sub...
434
UrmiaContributor: Heleen L. Murre-van den Berg URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Urmia
... , reportedly visited the Church of Mart Maryam in Urmia and dreamt  about  the imminent death of Khan Ahmad. From the 16th cent. onwards, bishops of U...
435
...munities, Syr. Orth., Ch. of E., Maron., Chald., Syr. Cath., Melk., and even Abyssinians  and Copts had moved into Lebanon to profit from new opportunities in trade ... ..., and they were joined by a further influx of monks from lands as distant as Abyssinia . By the end of the 15th cent., especially after 1488, the Maronites had ...
436
Yahbalaha I (415–420) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yahbalaha-I
... tolerance must have continued under Isḥaq’s successor, Cath. Aḥai (410–15), about  whom very little is known. Our main source  about  Yahbalaha’s tenure is the Synodicon Orientale, ... whom very little is known. Our main source  about  Yahbalaha’s tenure is the Synodicon Orientale, ...
437
Yawsep Busnaya (d. 979) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yawsep-Busnaya
...Hormizd , but subsequently moved to the monastery of Abraham , of Beth Ṣayyare (in the ʿAmadiyya region, N. Iraq). His Life was written b...
438
Yeshuʿ the Stylite Joshua the Stylite (after 506) [W. Syr.]Contributor: John W. Watt URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yeshu-the-Stylite
... highly rhetorical prologue and epilogue addressed to a (real or fictitious) abbot  named Sergios. The work is an astonishingly rich source for the historian o...
439
Yoḥannan Azraq Zroqa, al-Azraq (late 7th and early 8th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yohannan-Azraq
...r. Yoḥannan’s name is connected with the rescue of the virgins, which he was able  ... to achieve through prayer, after Caliph ʿAbd  al-Malik had demanded from the Christian inhabitants of Ḥirta their virgin ... ... to achieve through prayer, after Caliph ʿAbd  al-Malik had demanded from the Christian inhabitants of Ḥirta their virgin ...
440
Yoḥannan of Dalyatha (8th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Brian Edric Colless URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yohannan-of-Dalyatha
.... In his old age he returned to Qardu, where a group of monks made him their abbot , until his death. His ascetic writings circulated anonymously (by ‘the spir...
441
Yuḥanon Barbur (fl. late 6th cent.) [Syr. Orth. , then Chalcedonian]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yuhanon-Barbur
.... Add. 12,155 (listed by Van Roey, 353–4). He may be the same person as the  Abbot  Yuḥanon’, author of a short extract in a collection of Chalcedonian ...
442
Yuḥanon X, Ishoʿ bar Shushan Yūḥannā Yūšaʿ b. Šūšān (d. 1072 or 1073) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yuhanon-X-Isho-bar-Shushan
... Bar ʿEbroyo (Ecclesiastical History, ed. Abbeloos  and Lamy, vol. 1, 435–48). According to Michael Rabo, Y...
443
Yuḥanon of Ephesus John of Asia (ca. 507–589) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Susan Ashbrook Harvey URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yuhanon-of-Ephesus
... and covering up through 588, provide some of our most important information about  the 6th cent. Sources ...
444
...d altogether they form a unique source on the economic policies of the early Abbasids , namely Caliph  Abū  Jaʿfar al-Manṣūr, and on the history of the Syr. Orth. Church in the Jazīra... , namely Caliph  Abū  Jaʿfar al-Manṣūr, and on the history of the Syr. Orth. Church in the Jazīra...
445
al-AnbārContributor: Andreas Juckel URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/al-Anbar
...centuries of Islam, al-Anbār remained prosperous, being the residence of the  Abassid  Caliphs al-Saffāḥ (750–54) and al-Manṣūr (754–75) until the latter moved to...
446
al-Dibs, Yūsuf (1833–1907) [Maron.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/al-Dibs-Yusuf
... Of relevance are: 1. a history of Syria in 8 vols. (1893–1905), with an  abridged  edition (1907); 2. al-Jāmiʿ al-Mufaṣṣal, being the sections from the previo...
447
al-Suryān, Dayr Monastery of the Syrians, Egypt [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/al-Suryan-Dayr
...f of the 10th cent., when Mushe of Nisibis was abbot . Syriac inscriptions in the church bear witness to his building activities.... ...c mss. in Dayr al-Suryān can be dated. Towards the end of the 15th cent., an abbot  of Lebanese origin, Quryaqos (Cyriacus, also known as Severos) gave a fresh...
448
Sigla and  Abbreviations  ... https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Sigila Abbreviations  5 ... ... 5 I. General Abbreviations  ... ... II. Sigla and Abbreviations  for Journals, Serial Publications, and Reference Works ...
449
I. General  Abbreviations  https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/General... ... https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/General Abbreviations  6 ...

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