Search results:

462 matches for Keyword: Aba~ Perpage: 218

You may wish to expand your search by using our advanced search functions or by using wildcard characters to increase results. See search tips for more details.

Search Tips

For best results, users are recommended to use the advanced search functions. Search results can also be improved by the use of the the following Boolean search characters:

Wildcard Characters:

Given the prevalence of variant spellings in names, using Wildcard Characters may help.

"?" can be inserted as a variant for any single character.

Thus a search for:

G?wargis  
returns results which contain either "Gewargis" or "Giwargis".

Similarly a search for:

M?r  
returns results which contain either "Mar" or "Mor".

"*" can be inserted as a variant for multiple characters or a truncated word.

Thus a search for:

Dayr*  
returns results for "Dayr" and "Dayro" and more.

Similarly a search for

Ab*  
returns results for "ʿAbdishoʿ" and "ʿAbda" and more.

Note: Because the sources we quote use a variety of transliteration formats, Syriaca.org ignores diacritics and punctuation in searching; for example, use of "ʿ" is not required to find results with this diacritical mark.

Fuzzy Search Character

Appending the character "~" after a word returns results for words that are close but not exact matches.

Thus a search for

Aba~  
returns results which contain "Aba" but also "Abi", "Saba", "Aha", and other words that are "fuzzy" matches for "Aba".

Exact Phrase Searches

To find an exact phrase, it should be enclosed in double quotes.

Thus

"ʿAbdishoʿ I"  
returns only one result with that exact phrase, while several results are found for the words "ʿAbdishoʿ" and "I".

Proximity Characters

To find two or more words which occur within a specified range of each other, one can append the character "~" followed by a number to an "Exact Phrase" search. This allows one to search for two or more words that occur within a specified distance of each other as defined by number of words.

Thus

"Jacob+Bishop"~2  
finds three results in which the words "Jacob" and "Bishop" occur within two words of each other: "Jacob , bishop of Nisibin", "Jacob, bishop of Phesilta", and "Jacob , bishop of ‛Ānah" while a simple search for "Jacob Bishop" returns many more results.

1
... Or. oct. 1257:  Abgar  the Hagiographer ... ... Sachau 99 (Berlin 56): Ishoʿ bar  Shushan Yuḥanon X ... ... Mingana Syr. 29: Dawid bar  Pawlos M... ... Cambridge, UK, University Library  Add . 1700: New Testament Bible manuscripts ... ...olykarpos  Add  .... 1980:  Babai  the Great ... ...the Great  Add . 1981: Yoḥannan Azraq ... ...nan Azraq  Add . 1987: Ishaʿya of Beth Sbirina ...
2
... the East (Translated from Assyrian into English by Y. A.  Baaba ) (2008). (includes a comparison of different existing lists) J. F. Coakle... ... Professor Han J. W. Drijvers, ed. G. J. Reinink and A. C. Klugkist  OLA  89; 1999), 65–83. (includes comparative discussion of two lists, by Yaw... ...  Papa   bar  ʿAggai ...  bar  ʿAggai ... ... Shemʿon  bar  Ṣabbaʿe d... ...  Aḥai  410 – 415 ... ...  Maʿna  420 ...
3
Theodoros Abū Qurra (probably d. after 829) [Melk.]Contributor: Aaron M. Butts URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Theodoros-Abu-Qurra
Theodoros  Abū  ... Qurra https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Theodoros Abu -Qurra http://syriaca.org/bibl/554 545 ... ... . Little is definitively known about the life of Theodoros  Abū  Qurra. He was likely born in Edessa toward th... ...ran. He is traditionally thought to have been a monk at the monastery of Mar Saba , though this has recently been called into question (see Lamoreaux 2002). I... ...(see Lamoreaux 2002). In his Chronicle, Michael Rabo  (d. 1199) reports that  Abū  Qurra was deposed from his see by Theodoret, the Melk. ... ...y been challenged (see Lamoreaux 2005, xiii–xv). In the Chronicle of Michael Rabo ,  Abū  Qurra is also said to have travelled to Armenia where he debated with the S...
4
Aba (ca. 400)Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Aba
 Aba  ... https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Aba  http://syriaca.org/bibl/12 3 ... ... , author, and biblical commentator. The ‘Testament of Ephrem’ mentions Aba  as the first of Ephrem’s seven disciples. He must, therefore, be the same p... ... of Ephrem’s seven disciples. He must, therefore, be the same person as ‘Mar Aba , the disciple of Ephrem’ to whom several fragments are attributed in ms. Lo... ... of Ephrem’s seven disciples. He must, therefore, be the same person as ‘Mar Aba , the disciple of Ephrem’ to whom several fragments are attributed in ms. Lo... ... of Ephrem’s seven disciples. He must, therefore, be the same person as ‘Mar Aba , the disciple of Ephrem’ to whom several fragments are attributed in ms. Lo... ... Ephrem’ to whom several fragments are attributed in ms. London, Brit. Libr. Add . 17,194, a 9th-cent. W.-Syr. collection of extracts from exegetical and the... ... these meager remains some new texts may perhaps be added.  Aba  is explicitly quoted in a work on the Holy Chrism by Anṭun of ...
5
Aba I (d. 552) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Aba-I
 Aba  ... I https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Aba -I http://syriaca.org/bibl/10 1 ... ... (540–52). Born from Zoroastrian parents, Aba  converted to Christianity and studied at the School of Nisibis. He traveled to the Roman Empire and... ...ed as his successor in 540. In 544 an itinerant synod was held, during which Aba , accompanied by a changing number of bishops, visited several dioceses, man... ...s, which are related to this ecclesiastical visitation and, more broadly, to Aba’s  reforms: 1. on reform of church governance; 2. on the orthodox faith; 3. on... ... ecclesiastical hierarchy; 6. a letter entitled Practica (fragments); 7. canons (1–40; incomplete). Aba  came into conflict with the Persian authorities and spent several of his ye... ... in prison and in exile. The sources attribute to Aba  several commentaries on OT and NT books, of which only fragments exist in l... ...a.  550 wrote his ‘Christian Topography’. Cosmas (in Book II.2) acknowledges Aba , whom he calls Patrikios (derived from the Greek word for ‘father’), as his...
6
... ’s Diatessaron (written in the 170s; Joosten). Neither these works, nor any  of the other texts written before the 4th cent. that have come down to us, ... ...ies on other books of the OT as well, as the monk Severos and ʿAbdishoʿ bar  Brikha claim, but this can no longer be ascert... ...self would call most of his exegesis in these commentaries ‘factual’, he did aim  at a refutation of Manichean and Marcionite interpretations. He seems less ... ...ons ( e.g. e.g., on Adam  and Eve) has led some scholars to assume an early date for this composition... ...f which interpret the OT. Yet Yaʿqub and Narsai had more in common. First of all , they shared a common Edessene tradition. In addition, it seems that the mi... ...e authors just mentioned is the so-called London Collection (ms. Brit. Libr. Add . 12,168), which was composed probably in the second quarter of the 7th  cen... ... , Gregory of Nyssa, and John Chrysostom; Ephrem and John bar  Aphtonia are the only Syriac authors mentioned. The ... ...ussed presently. Theodoros bar 
7
...one of the twelve apostles of Christ. From the early centuries of the Common Era , the St. Thomas Christians of Kerala had intermittent relationship with the... ...cient Persian Empire. Regular contacts were rather difficult, because of the Arab  ...-Muslim control of the trade route in the Arabian Sea  ...-Muslim control of the trade route in the Arabian Arab  ...-Muslim control of the trade route in the Arabian Sea . In the 15th cent. the relationship with the E.-Syr. Church was apparently ... ...he so-called Synod of Diamper (1599), Dom. Alexis Menezis, Archbishop of Goa  ..., with the support of the king of Cochin, was able  to bring the St. Thomas Christians under the authority of Rome. In 1653 the... ...oonan Cross. As they wanted to retain Syriac language and liturgy, and above all  to bring the St. Thomas Christians under the authority of Rome. In 1653 the...
8
Yaḥyā b. ʿAdī (893/4–974) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Aaron M. Butts URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yahya-b-Adi
Yaḥyā b.  ʿAdī  ... https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yahya-b Adi  http://syriaca.org/bibl/588 579 ... ... Translator, philosopher, logician, and theologian. His full name is Abū  Zakariyyā Yaḥyā b.  ʿAdī  b. Ḥamīd b. Zakariyyā (some mss. copied in Iran  add : b. Yaḥyā b. ʿUthmān b. Ḥamīd b. Buzurjmihr). He was born in 893/4 in ... ...in Baghdad . He died 13  Aug . 974 at the  age  of 81 and was buried in the church of Mār Tūmā in Baghdad. He was a student... . 974 at the  age  of 81 and was buried in the church of Mār Tūmā in Baghdad. He was a student...
9
Behnam, Dayro d-Mor Monastery of St. Behnam [formerly Syr. Orth., now Syr. Cath.]Contributor: Bas Snelders URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Behnam-Dayro-d-Mor
...Monastery of the Pit’. According to the legend of Mor Behnam (ed. P. Bedjan, AMS , vol. II, 397–441), the monastery was built in the 4th cent. on the site of... ... preserved in a Syr. Orth. ms. (London, Brit. Libr. Add . 12,174), which was copied in 1197 for Dayro d-Mor ... ... note by Patr. Michael I  Rabo  . Whatever the exact nature of the restoration work exe... ... 1259. Obviously benefiting from the economic and cultural boom in the Mosul area  during this period, the interior and exterior of the church were both ... ...ading Mongol army of Khan Baidu. The abbot of the monastery was subsequently able  ... to persuade Baidu not only to return all  the stolen objects, but even to make a donation, which was apparently used ... ... to persuade Baidu not only to return all  the stolen objects, but even to make a donation, which was apparently used ... ... to persuade Baidu not only to return all  the stolen objects, but even to make a donation, which was apparently used ...
10
Saba, Boutros (1893–1961) [Syr. Cath.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Saba-Boutros
 Saba  ..., Boutros https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Saba -Boutros http://syriaca.org/bibl/468 459 ... ...http://syriaca.org/bibl/468 459 Boutros Saba  http://syriaca.org/person/707 person Pr... ...tings, he composed in Syriac a number of poems (a few published according to Abūna ). Sources ... ... Sources  Abūna ,  Adab , 562–3. Macuch, Geschichte, 445–6. ...
11
Aba II of Kashkar (641–751) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Gerrit J. Reinink URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Aba-II-of-Kashkar
 Aba  ... II of Kashkar https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Aba -II-of-Kashkar http://syriaca.org/bibl/11 2 ... ... in 741. In the sixth year of his Catholicate a conflict between Aba  and the clergy of Seleucia-Ctesiphon arose; the latter accused the ... ...taken the possessions of the city’s School. According to a letter written by Aba  to the director, the teachers, and the other ‘brothers’ of the School, thes... ...r a year, but returned to Seleucia-Ctesiphon after the conflict was settled. Aba  is known as the author of different works which, except for ‘the Letter to ... ...e Letter to the leaders of the School’, are lost: the Book of the Governors  Ktābā  d-esṭraṭige), a Commentary on the Theologian ( ... ... Bussāme, containing the exegesis of passages from Gen., Num.,  Isa ., and the four Gospels. These fragments and extracts are of great importanc... ...of Christian tenets such as the Trinity and the Divinity of Christ. Although  Aba  is reported to have maintained as Cat...
12
 Art  ... and architecture https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Art -and-architecture http://syriaca.org/bibl/59 50 ... ... subject A comprehensive study of Syr. Christian art  and architecture is still missing, and only a few subfields are relatively ... ... A comprehensive study of Syr. Christian art  and architecture is still missing, and only a few subfields are relatively ... ...nd religious traditions, the definition of what constitutes ‘Syr. Christian’ art  or architecture is somewhat elusive and should not be attempted here. In th... ...there was a great deal of overlap between Syr. Christian and Greek Christian art  ... and culture. In the Islamic period certain forms of art  or architecture is somewhat elusive and should not be attempted here. In th... ... and culture. In the Islamic period certain forms of art  or architecture is somewhat elusive and should not be attempted here. In th...
13
Tell ʿAda, Monastery of [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Jonathan A. Loopstra URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Tell-Ada-Monastery-of
Tell  ʿAda  ..., Monastery of https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Tell Ada -Monastery-of http://syriaca.org/bibl/546 537 ... ...iaca.org/bibl/546 537 Monastery of Tell ʿAda  http://syriaca.org/place/233 place Mona... ...d just over 48 km. from Aleppo; 1500 m. north of the present village of Tell ʿAda . [Syr. Orth.] ... ... [Syr. Orth.] The Monastery of Tell ʿAda , also known as the ‘Great Monastery’, is located just over 48 km. from ... ...leppo ; 1500 m. north of the present village of Tell ʿAda  .... At its apogee (5th–9th cent.) Tell ʿAda  was a vibrant center for W.-Syr. monasticism. Tell  ʿAda  is thought to have been founded by the monk Ammianos and his disciple Euseb...
14
Yulyana Saba Julian Saba (d. 377)Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yulyana-Saba
Yulyana  Saba  ... https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yulyana Saba  http://syriaca.org/bibl/626 617 ... ... http://syriaca.org/bibl/626 617 Julian Saba  http://syriaca.org/person/834 person An... ...ject of some madrashe by (Ps.-) Ephrem. Julian Saba  (d. 377) An ascetic living in the region of ... ...’ (ch. 2), and this circulated separately in Syriac translation (ed. Bedjan, AMS , vol. VI, 380–404); he was also the subject of a mimro by Yaʿqub of ... ... Sources S. H.  Griffith, ‘Julian Saba , “the Father of the monks of Syria” ’, ...
15
Toma of Edessa (mid-6th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Adam H. Becker URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Toma-of-Edessa
... http://syriaca.org/person/795 person Affiliate of Mar Aba  and teacher at School of Nisibis; author of two ‘Explanations’ of liturgical feasts. ... ... An E.-Syr. student of the Cath. Mar  Aba  I (d. 552) associated with the School of ... ...s. He is probably not the same Toma of Edessa who is supposed to have taught Aba  Greek as well as traveled with him to the West. Furthermore, he has been co... ...  Adam 
16
... Severus bar  Mashqo ... ... were two counter-patriarchs: Yuḥanon of Kallinikos and Dawid of Dara . ... ... Yuḥanon (VII) bar  ʿAbdun 1004 – 1030 ... ... Yuḥanon VIII (IX) bar  ʿAbdun 1042 (1048?)... ... Yuḥanon IX (X), Ishoʿ bar  Shushan ... ... Athanasios (VII) Abulfaraj bar  Kamoro 1090 – 1129 ... ... Athanasios VII (VI) Yeshuʿ bar  Qeṭreh ... ... Michael I Rabo  ...
17
Aḥob Qaṭraya (late 6th cent.?) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Bas ter Haar Romeny URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ahob-Qatraya
.../324 person Exegete from Beth Qaṭraye mentioned by ʿAbdishoʿ bar  Brikha. (late 6th cen... ... mentioned by ʿAbdishoʿ bar  Brikha . According to Assemani he lived around ... ...hoʿdad of Merv (9th  cent.) has quoted Aḥob. In all  likelihood Christianity had already disappeared from the Beth Qaṭraye regio... ... Ishoʿyahb was chosen. ʿAbdishoʿ bar  Brikha’s ‘Catalogue’ credits Aḥob with an ‘Elucidation of the whole New (Te... ...ḥob with an ‘Elucidation of the whole New (Testament), of the Pentateuch and all  the Prophets, in addition to (or: except for) an elucidation of the Beth Ma... ...ḥob with an ‘Elucidation of the whole New (Testament), of the Pentateuch and all  the Prophets, in addition to (or: except for) an elucidation of the Beth Ma... ...ḥob with an ‘Elucidation of the whole New (Testament), of the Pentateuch and all  the Prophets, in addition to (or: except for) an elucidation of the Beth Ma... ... however. Fragments of Aḥob were also quoted by  Ibn  al-Ṭayyib (d. 1043) in his biblical commentaries i...
18
Barṣawma of Nisibis (d. ca. 491–96) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Adam H. Becker URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Barsawma-of-Nisibis
...ma explaining his absence from the Synod of Mar  Aqaq  , held in 486, which further addressed the issues o... ... which further addressed the issues of clerical marriage. ʿAbdishoʿ bar  Brikha is vague about his works, citing variou... ...urces)  Adam 
19
Beth  ʿAbe  ..., Monastery of https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Beth Abe -Monastery-of http://syriaca.org/bibl/105 96 ... ...riaca.org/bibl/105 96 Monastery of Beth ʿAbe  http://syriaca.org/place/223 place Famo... ...b had been banished from the Great Monastery by  Babai  for countenancing what  Babai  regarded as monastic laxity. The monastery that Yaʿqub founded was evidentl... ...Yaʿqub founded was evidently near the village of Kherpa, to the northwest of ʿAqra  (thus Fiey, against Budge); it must have been in or near an earlier inhabit... ... Budge); it must have been in or near an earlier inhabited site named Beth  ʿAbe  (thus Fiey, against Budge); it must have been in or near an earlier inhabit... ... Budge); it must have been in or near an earlier inhabited site named Beth  ʿAqra  (thus Fiey, against Budge); it must have been in or near an earlier inhabit...
20
Yaʿqub of Nisibis (d. 337/8)Contributor: Joseph P. Amar URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yaqub-of-Nisibis
...’s name appears in a variety of late antique sources, trustworthy historical data  about him are quite limited. The closest we have to an ... ... , of apocryphal Letters addressed to Cath.  Papa  of Seleucia, and of the spurious ‘Canons of Nicea’... ... P.  Peeters, ‘La légende de saint Jacques de Nisibe’,  AB  38 (1920), 285–373. ... ... Joseph P.  Amar 
21
Bar ʿAli, Ishoʿ ʿĪsā b. ʿAlī, Yashūʿ b. ʿAlī (second half of the 9th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Aaron M. Butts URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Bar-Ali-Isho
 Bar   ʿAli  ..., Ishoʿ https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Bar Ali -Isho http://syriaca.org/bibl/81 72 ... ... http://syriaca.org/bibl/81 72 Ishoʿ Bar   ʿAli   ʿĪsā  b.  ʿAlī 
22
Hiba Ibas (d. 457)Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Hiba
 Hiba  ... https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Hiba  http://syriaca.org/bibl/267 258 ... ... http://syriaca.org/bibl/267 258  Ibas  http://syriaca.org/person/534 person ... ...nvolved in christological debates of the time.  Ibas  (d. 457) Bp. of ... ... Bp. of Edessa . Hiba  must have been active in the School of Edessa from the second or third ... ... 428). Around the time of the Nestorian controversy (428–31), Hiba  parted ways with ... ... , the main authority for the Syr. Miaphysites, while  Hiba  represented the Antiochene dyophysite tradition. In 433  Hiba  wrote a famous letter to a certain Mari, ‘the Persian’, in which he bitterl...
23
QaraContributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Qara
 Qara  ... https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Qara  http://syriaca.org/bibl/448 439 ... ...mountains, Syria, ca. 95 km. northeast of Damascus and about 20 km. north of Nabk , often mentioned as a caravan station between Ḥimṣ and Damascus. ... ...east of Damascus and less than 20 km. north of Nabk  (see Dayr Mār Mūsā al-Ḥabashī ... ... the Chalcedonians. After a long period during which the sources are silent, Qara  reemerges around 1100, still as a center of Melkite ... ... still as a center of Melkite Christianity. Bp. Michael of Qara  is attested for the second half of the 12th cent., and he himself has left ... ...ft us a list of some of his predecessors (Schmidt, 27–9). The Muslim authors Ibn  Jubayr (who visited  Qara 
24
Ibn al-Ṭayyib (d. 1043) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Aaron M. Butts URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ibn-al-Tayyib
 Ibn  ... al-Ṭayyib https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Ibn -al-Tayyib http://syriaca.org/bibl/276 267 ... ...heologian, exegete, physician, translator, and philosopher. His full name is Abū  al-Faraj  ʿAbd  Allāh  Ibn  Allāh  ʿAbd  Allāh  Ibn  Allāh  ʿAbd 
25
Aqaq Acacius (late 5th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Aqaq
 Aqaq  ... https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Aqaq  http://syriaca.org/bibl/50 41 ... ... cath. (484–495/6). Aqaq  headed the Ch. of E. during a critical period of its history, when it adopt... ...al period of its history, when it adopted a strictly dyophysite Christology. Aqaq  had studied at the School of Edessa, where he became acquainted with th... ...rsian Emperor Peroz and was arrested and executed by the latter in 484. When Aqaq  took office, therefore, the situation of Christianity in the Persian Empire... ...e wake of this synod that Babowai was arrested and executed, and replaced by Aqaq . At a subsequent synod, held in Beth ʿEdray, in August-September 485 (of wh... ...ember 485 (of which also no report is preserved), peace between Barṣawma and Aqaq  was established. A number of letters from this period, included in the Syno... ...e Synodicon, confirm that Barṣawma and his followers eventually submitted to Aqaq . The stage was thus set for the Synod of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, of Febr. 486, ...
26
Abgar the Hagiographer (early 5th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abgar-the-Hagiographer
 Abgar  ... the Hagiographer https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Abgar -the-Hagiographer http://syriaca.org/bibl/19 10 ... ... http://syriaca.org/person/315 person  Abgar  is named as the author of the martyrdom of Hor... ... (early 5th cent.) [Ch. of E.]  Abgar  is named as the author of the martyrdom of Hormizd and his nine companions ... ... , and of Yaʿqub the Notary — must also have been written by Abgar . These four martyr texts are grouped together in ms. Berlin, Or. oct. 1257 ... ... Berlin, Or. oct. 1257 and share similar content and style. The execution of all  these martyrs took place at Sleq Ḥarobta, not far from ... ...on , and in the proximity of a monastery to which in all  likelihood  Abgar 
27
Qarabashī, ʿAbd al-Masīḥ Nuʿmān (1903–1983) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Mor Polycarpus Augin Aydin George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Qarabashi-Abd-al-Masih-Numan
Qarabashī,  ʿAbd  ... al-Masīḥ Nuʿmān https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Qarabashi Abd -al-Masih-Numan http://syriaca.org/bibl/449 440 ... ... http://syriaca.org/bibl/449 440  ʿAbd  al-Masīḥ Nuʿmān Qarabashī http://syriaca.org/person/691 per... ... Sources  Abūna ,  Adab , 567–8. Munūfar Barṣūm,  Aḍwāʾ , 85–92 Macuch, Geschichte, 451. ...
28
...t is in the hands of the Syrians everywhere’ as  Bar  ʿEbroyo had to conclude in the introduction to his... ...ons’ (Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings, Proverbs, Qohelet, Ruth, Song of Songs, Bar  Sira, and Job; especially in the E.-Syr. tradition). Differences between th... ...41–71.  Bas 
29
...poch (such as the chronologically first note: ‘The year 180 [of the Seleucid era   = 132/1 BC]: kings began to reign in Edessa.’) and Christian epoch was inc... ...ide, as for instance one very mutilated folio that brings information on the Arab  conquest of Syria in the beginning of the 7th cent., or a fragment of a ... ...raphical, and linguistic information on the then known world, in addition to data  on the early history of mankind, culled from the Bible. The Chronicle of Hi... ...languages including those that have written literature), and historical were all  expressed within the account of the vicissitudes of the three sons of Noah ... ... chronicles (the Chronicle to the year 724, the Chronicle of Michael Rabo  ... , and that of  Bar  ʾEbroyo ... ...as biblical commentaries (Scholion of Theodoros Bar  Koni , the Commentary of ... ... of Merv , and two other anonymous commentaries, all  from the period of the 8th to 10th cent.), and accounts of sacred history (...
30
Asʿad, Gabriel (1907–1997) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Asad-Gabriel
 Asʿad  ..., Gabriel https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Asad -Gabriel http://syriaca.org/bibl/60 51 ... ... http://syriaca.org/bibl/60 51 Gabriel Asʿad  http://syriaca.org/person/346 person Te... ... Sources  Abūna ,  Adab  ..., 575. Macuch, Geschichte, 469. Munūfar Barṣūm, Aḍwāʾ , 112–4. ...
31
Saka, Yaʿqub (1864–1931) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Saka-Yaqub
 Saka  ..., Yaʿqub https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Saka -Yaqub http://syriaca.org/bibl/474 465 ... ... http://syriaca.org/bibl/474 465 Yaʿqub Saka  http://syriaca.org/person/305 person Mi... ... Barṭelle to Buṭros b. Saka  in 1864/5 and studied Syr. under the Chaldean priest Buṭros al-Karmalīsi. H... ... Ignatius Yaʿqub III and Bp. Boulos Behnam. Saka  died of cancer in 1931. He was a master scribe and produced over 70 mss., f... ...as preserved in Barṭelle. Selections of Saka’s poems were published by Isḥaq Saka  in mimre mgabayo (1945) and in Qaṣāʾid mukhtāra ... ... Sources  Abūna ,  Adab , 609–10. Barsoum, Scattered pearls, 523–4. Macuch, ...
32
Testament of  Adam  ... https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Testament-of Adam  http://syriaca.org/bibl/547 538 ... ... work An ‘apocryphal’ book dealing with Adam ; the root of which lie in Jewish traditions; probably ... ... Syriac. The Testament of Adam  ... is one of a considerable number of ‘apocryphal’ books dealing with Adam ; though its roots lie in Jewish traditions, it is definitely a Christian co... ... at which different parts of creation offer praise to God; the prophecies of Adam , foretelling the flood, the birth, passion, and death of Christ, and the en... ...ecension. The whole work is also known in Arabic, Ethiopic, and Georgian; in all ; though its roots lie in Jewish traditions, it is definitely a Christian co... ...ecension. The whole work is also known in Arabic, Ethiopic, and Georgian; in Adam ; though its roots lie in Jewish traditions, it is definitely a Christian co...
33
Edessa, School of School of the PersiansContributor: Adam H. Becker URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Edessa-School-of
...sibis.  Adam 
34
...  Adam 
35
Shemʿon bar Ṣabbaʿe (d. 341 or 344) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Shemon-bar-Sabbae
Shemʿon  bar  ... Ṣabbaʿe https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Shemon bar -Sabbae http://syriaca.org/bibl/508 499 ... ...Shemʿon was probably the immediate successor of  Papa   bar  ʿAggai (d. between 327 and 335), but nothing i...  bar  ʿAggai (d. between 327 and 335), but nothing i...  bar  ʿAggai (d. between 327 and 335), but nothing i... ...Syriac texts: 1. the ‘Martyrdom of Shemʿon’ (first published by E. Assemani, Acta  sanctorum martyrum I [1748]); and 2. the longer ‘History of Shemʿon’ (first... ...748]); and 2. the longer ‘History of Shemʿon’ (first published by P. Bedjan, Acta  martyrum et sanctorum II [1891]). Both texts were published by M. Kmosko in...
36
...mpire (approximately modern Iraq and Iran); 3. under  Arab  rule; and 4. under Ottoman rule and in modern times. ... ...the Persian (Sasanian) Empire (approximately modern Iraq and Iran); 3. under Arab  rule; and 4. under Ottoman rule and in modern times. It is only from the fi... ... have introduced imaginary dialogues between persecutor and persecuted whose aim  is to edify and give encouragement to those who read or hear them; miraculo... ... have introduced imaginary dialogues between persecutor and persecuted whose aim  is to edify and give encouragement to those who read or hear them; miraculo... ... have introduced imaginary dialogues between persecutor and persecuted whose aim  is to edify and give encouragement to those who read or hear them; miraculo... ... and the laymen Shmona and Gurya, who were martyred probably in 309 and 310; all  three came from villages around Edessa, but met their death in Edessa. Alth... ... Teaching of  Adda i Teaching of ... ...cts, of varying historical reliability. Shemʿon bar  Ṣabbaʿe , bp. of S...
37
...ial inferior and an unlettered country-bumpkin whose fondest desire is to be able  to speak Greek. It is during Ephrem’s fictitious visit to Basil that his pu... ...Daughters of the Covenant’. The several ms. traditions of the Life of Ephrem are all  based on three Syriac recensions which, in order of length ... .... Vat. Syr. 117; ms. Paris, Bibl. Nat. Syr. 235; and ms. London, Brit. Libr. Add . 9384. ... ... Primary Sources J. P.  Amar , A Metrical Homily on Holy Mar Ephrem by Mar Jacob of Serugh (P... ... ET) J. P.  Amar  idem , The Syriac Vita Tradition of Ephrem the ... ... Secondary Sources J. P.  Amar , ‘Byzantine ascetic monachism and Greek bias in the vita tradition ... ...92), 123–56. J. P.  Amar  idem , ‘An unpublished Karshuni Arabic Life of E... ... Joseph P.  Amar 
38
Synodicon Orientale [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Synodicon-Orientale
...itle Synodicon Orientale. Within the ms. itself, the title ‘Book of synods’  Ktābā  d-swnhdw) is used a few times, either for the collection of E.-Syr. synods ... ... the Ch. of E., such as the correspondence related to  Papa   bar  ʿAggai . The third part (p. 561–840; nos. 42–80...  bar  ʿAggai . The third part (p. 561–840; nos. 42–80...  bar  ʿAggai . The third part (p. 561–840; nos. 42–80... ... contains additional materials pertaining to Cath. Mar  Aba  I and Ḥenanishoʿ  II ... ... Ishoʿ bar  Nun (d. 828), ʿAbdish... ...un (d. 828), ʿAbdishoʿ bar  Bahrīz (early 9th cent.), ...
39
PeshittaContributor: Bas ter Haar Romeny Craig E. Morrison URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Peshitta
...first attestation of the name ‘Peshitta’. Mushe bar  Kipho (d. 903) uses the name in his Commentary... ... other contexts, it often means ‘simple’. As the use in  Bar  ʿEbroyo suggests, this is most probably also t... ...lly of David; alternatively it would have been translated by a priest called Asya , who was sent to Samaria by the king of Assyria (cf. 2 Kings 17:27–8), by t... ...2 Kings 17:27–8), by the Apostles, by Mark the Evangelist, or in the time of Abgar . Modern scholars would agree with Theodore of Mopsuestia that the name of the ... ...2 Kings 17:27–8), by the Apostles, by Mark the Evangelist, or in the time of Abgar . Modern scholars would agree with Theodore of Mopsuestia that the name of the ... ...2 Kings 17:27–8), by the Apostles, by Mark the Evangelist, or in the time of Abgar . Modern scholars would agree with Theodore of Mopsuestia that the name of the ... ...2 Kings 17:27–8), by the Apostles, by Mark the Evangelist, or in the time of Abgar . Modern scholars would agree with Theodore of Mopsuestia that the name of the ... ... not written in the Jewish script. Was the Peshitta a gentile project, after all , or should we assume that, perhaps together with an update of the language,...
40
Papa bar ʿAggai (d. between 327 and 335) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Papa-bar-Aggai
 Papa   bar  ... ʿAggai https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Papa bar -Aggai http://syriaca.org/bibl/421 412 ... ...l a few years after the Council of Nicea (325).  Bar  ʿEbroyo reports that either  Papa  himself or his disciple and later successor Sh... ... himself or his disciple and later successor Shemʿon bar  Ṣabbaʿe attended the Council of Nicea, but the... ... both Syriac and Arabic, is an event that took place most likely around 325. All 
41
Eliya of al-Anbār (first half of the 10th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Andreas Juckel URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Eliya-of-al-Anbar
Eliya of al- Anbār  ... https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Eliya-of-al Anbar  http://syriaca.org/bibl/201 192 ... ...aca.org/person/471 person Bp. of al Anbār  and composer of didactic poetry in the first half of the 10th cent. ... ... Bp. of al Anbār  and composer of didactic poetry in the first half of the ... ... shortly before the inthronisation; 3. ʿAbdishoʿ bar  Brikha (d. 1318) in his ‘Catalogue’ of Syriac ... ... continuation of the one by Eliya, which he cites twice (286 and 287  A.H .). Only the discourses survived, a voluminous collection of didactic ... ...urvived, a voluminous collection of didactic (heptasyllabic) poetry known as Ktābā  ... d-Durrāšā ‘Book of Exercise’ or by its popular name Ktābā  d-Maʾwātā ‘Book of Centuries’. The book is divided into three parts with a ...
42
Khouri-Sarkis, Gabriel (1898–1968) [Syr. Cath.]Contributor: Joseph P. Amar URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Khouri-Sarkis-Gabriel
...cteur de L’Orient Syrien 1956–1967 (1969). J. P. Amar , ‘Chorbishop Gabriel Khouri-Sarkis’, OCP ... ... Joseph P.  Amar 
43
Barḥadbshabba ʿArbaya (late 6th / early 7th  cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Adam H. Becker Jeff W. Childers URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Barhadbshabba-Arbaya
...  Adam  H. Becker and Jeff W. Chil...
44
Maron (4th cent.)Contributor: Joseph P. Amar URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Maron
... Joseph P.  Amar 
45
... Joseph P.  Amar 
46
Ṣawma, Rabban Rabban Barṣawma (13th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Joseph P. Amar URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Sawma-Rabban
... Joseph P.  Amar 
47
Yahbalaha III (ca. 1245–1317) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Joseph P. Amar URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yahbalaha-III
... Joseph P.  Amar 
48
Yuḥanon Maron Yuḥanon d-Marun (fl. ca. 685 – ca. 707)Contributor: Joseph P. Amar URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yuhanon-Maron
... Joseph P.  Amar 
49
 Mara   bar  ... Serapion, Letter of https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Mara bar -Serapion-Letter-of http://syriaca.org/bibl/357 348 ... ...tp://syriaca.org/bibl/357 348 Letter of Mara   bar  Serapion work  Mara  is the presumed author of a letter in which a father gives lessons of wisdo... ... (2nd or 4th cent.?)  Mara  is the presumed author of a letter in which a father gives lessons of wisdo...
50
Babai of Nisibis (6th/7th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Babai-of-Nisibis
 Babai  ... of Nisibis https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Babai -of-Nisibis http://syriaca.org/bibl/76 67 ... ...tan Chronicle there was rivalry between him and  Babai  the Great , as a result of which he was known a... ...he Great , as a result of which he was known as  Babai  the Small’. His authorship of a monastic ‘Letter to Cyriacus’, ... ...onastic ‘Letter to Cyriacus’, transmitted in W.-Syr. mss. and attributed to  Babai  whom the wicked Barṣawma ... ... Dadishoʿ ’s ‘Commentary on Abba  Isaiah’ (13:18). He was also author of some memre, one being ...
51
al-AnbārContributor: Andreas Juckel URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/al-Anbar
al- Anbār  ... https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/al Anbar  http://syriaca.org/bibl/44 35 ... ...tory over the Roman Emperor Julian in 363. The city’s popular name ‘Ambāra’  Arab . al- Anbār ) means ‘magazine; storehouse’, and refers to its strategic function as an a... ...fter the Sasanian capital Ctesiphon. During the first centuries of Islam, al Anbār  remained prosperous, being the residence of the Abassid Caliphs al-Saffāḥ (... ... the first millennium; in 1262 it was sacked by the Mongols. Al Anbār  was a see of the Ch. of E., first mentioned in the 5th cent. The main sourc... ... Cath.: Ṣliba Zka (713–28), Theodosios (853–58), and Yoḥannan bar  ... Narsai (884–91). Eliya of al Anbār  was elected ...
52
Iwannis of Dara John of Dara (fl. first half of 9th cent.) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Iwannis-of-Dara
Iwannis of  Dara  ... https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Iwannis-of Dara  http://syriaca.org/bibl/304 295 ... ...http://syriaca.org/bibl/304 295 John of Dara  http://syriaca.org/person/161 person Sy... ...s well as a commentary on the liturgy. John of Dara  (fl. first half of 9th cent.) [Syr. Orth.] Syr. author. The ci... ...Bodies, Priesthood (though this may be by Mushe bar  Kipho ), Paradise, Creation, the Divine Economy... ... J.  Sader, Le “De Oblatione” de Jean de  Dara  ... (CSCO 308–9; 1970). B.  Varghese, John of Dara , Commentary on the Eucharist (Moran Etho 12; 1999). (ET) ... ... SymSyr II, 267–93. J. Reller, ‘Iwannis von Dara 
53
...  AB  Analecta ... ...  ABD  Anchor Bi... ...  AHC  Annuarium... ...  BBK  Biographi... ... CSCO Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium.  all  references are to the overall number, not the Script. Syr. or Subsi... ...  ECA  Eastern C... ... Eastern Christian Art  in its Late Antique and Islamic Contexts. ... ...  JBL  Journal o...
54
...Arabic (Luxenberg). Other scholars had already made use of other comparative data  (Wansbrough) to propose a later, early 8th-cent., Syrian origin for ... ...tween the Romans and the Arabs of Muḥammad in Palestine twelve miles east of Gaza ’ in the year 634 (Hoyland, 120). The chroniclers continued to record the in... ...pendent records of events that are only sparsely reported or not reported at all  in Islamic, Arabic sources of the time (Borrut). The great medieval, Syriac... ...pendent records of events that are only sparsely reported or not reported at all  in Islamic, Arabic sources of the time (Borrut). The great medieval, Syriac... ... medieval, Syriac chronicles, such as the Chronicle of Michael Rabo  (d. 1199) and the anonymous Chronicle of 1234,... ...nicler from the late 8th cent. says of the Syriac-speaking Christians in his era , in the region of Ṭur ʿAbdin ... ...ten or twenty or thirty or a hundred or two hundred or three hundred without any  sort of compulsion . . . . … ... ...been in the apocalyptic genre. The most notable of these is the ‘Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius’, in all  likelihood composed originally in Syriac by a Syr. Orth. writer in ca. 691 ...
55
Isḥoq ʿAzar (1647–1724) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ishoq-Azar
Isḥoq  ʿAzar  ... https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ishoq Azar  http://syriaca.org/bibl/294 285 ...
56
... 1–2 (3 vols.; 1872–1877).  Abūna ,  Adab  =  Ab  Albīr  Abūna  Albīr  Abūna  Albīr  Abūna ,  Adab  al-lugha al-ārāmiyya (1970). Assemani, BibOr = J. S. Assem... ... vols.; 1996). Kiraz (ed.), Malphono w Rabo 
57
ʿAbdishoʿ bar Bahrīz (fl. first quarter of 9th cent.) [Ch. of E]Contributor: Barbara H. Roggema URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abdisho-bar-Bahriz
ʿAbdishoʿ  bar  ... Bahrīz https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abdisho bar -Bahriz http://syriaca.org/bibl/13 4 ... ...formation about ʿAbdishoʿ derives from Muslim sources, most importantly from Ibn  al-Nadīm, who mentions that he translated many works of logic and philosoph... ... Aristotle ’s ‘Categories’ and ‘On Interpretation’. Ibn  al-Nadīm also makes reference to his works in defense of ‘Nestorian’ Christ... ...ssion between ‘ʿAbdishoʿ, the Nestorian Muṭrān,  Abū  ... Qurra , the Melkite Bishop, and Abū  Rāʾiṭa, the Jacobite’ before a Muslim vizier (ed. with ET by Toenies Keatin... ...reference to Cath. Ishoʿ  bar  Nun (823–28), but it is more likely that this name points to ... ... (823–28), but it is more likely that this name points to ʿAbdishoʿ bar  Bahrīz, who was also a contemporary of these interlocutors. ʿAbdishoʿ’s apo...
58
Michael I Rabo (d. 1199) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Dorothea Weltecke URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Michael-I-Rabo
Michael I  Rabo  ... https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Michael-I Rabo  http://syriaca.org/bibl/382 373 ... ... Patr. and historian, most notably author of a World Chronicle. Michael I Rabo  (1126–99) was a distinguished ... ...of action Michael balanced out his relations with the warring parties in the area  of his jurisdiction. Especially in the first half of his patriarchate his a... ... anti-patriarch, named Theodoros  bar  Wahbun (d. 1193) in 1180, who was supported by the Latins in ... ...t end, six appendices follow. The first appendix is a monumental synopsis of all  the kings and patriarchs mentioned. It was supposed to function as a direct... ...le of Eusebius: Its Type and Continuation in Syriac Historiography’, ARAM  11–12 (1999–2000), 419–37. ...
59
Babai the Great (ca. 551–628) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Babai-the-Great
 Babai  ... the Great https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Babai -the-Great http://syriaca.org/bibl/75 66 ... ... , the Ch. of E. was administered jointly by the Archdeacon and Babai , the latter having the title ‘Visitor of the monasteries’. He died shortly ... ... ’s ‘Gnostic Chapters’ (ed. with GT by Frankenberg, 1912).  Babai  also wrote a Commentary on Mark the Monk ... ...n the Ascetic Life’ are also unpublished, but there is an ET by G. Chediath, Babai  the Great. Some Useful Counsels on the Ascetic Life (Moran Etho 15; 200... ...e Great. Some Useful Counsels on the Ascetic Life (Moran Etho 15; 2001). Babai  wrote a set of Rules for monks, preserved only in Arabic translation (ed. w... ... laïques , nestoriens [1895; repr. 2007], 424–8) Babai  gives a list of his hagiographical works, but of these only the Life of Mih... ... , Mount Sinai. A large number of other works by Babai  have not survived ( ʿAbdishoʿ states that he w...
60
Ḥirta al-ḤīraContributor: Hidemi Takahashi URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Hirta
...phrates to the southeast of present-day al-Najaf; capital of the pre-Islamic Arab  kingdom of the Lakhmids. ... ... southeast of present-day al-Najaf. Ḥirta was the capital of the pre-Islamic Arab  kingdom of the Lakhmids, who were usually allied with the Sasanians and con... ... allies of Byzantium, to the west. It was an important center of pre-Islamic Arab  culture, where many of its poets gathered and where the Arabic script is sa... ...times called ‘Ḥirtā d-Nuʿmān’ to distinguish it from other such settlements. ʿAmr  culture, where many of its poets gathered and where the Arabic script is sa... ...times called ‘Ḥirtā d-Nuʿmān’ to distinguish it from other such settlements. Arab  culture, where many of its poets gathered and where the Arabic script is sa... ...times called ‘Ḥirtā d-Nuʿmān’ to distinguish it from other such settlements. ʿAmr  culture, where many of its poets gathered and where the Arabic script is sa... ...times called ‘Ḥirtā d-Nuʿmān’ to distinguish it from other such settlements. Arab  culture, where many of its poets gathered and where the Arabic script is sa... ...times called ‘Ḥirtā d-Nuʿmān’ to distinguish it from other such settlements. ʿAmr 
61
...stian church. There are many other examples not so well preserved. Following the Arab  conquests, Christians continued to paint their churches and these paintings... ...d lands and outside of them, experienced what Leroy calls a ‘Renaissance’ in all  aspects of their religious and cultural life (see Renaissance, ... ...ls of the Church of Sts. Sergios and Bacchos in  Qara  , Syria, and in the nearby Dayro d-Mor Yaʿqub. The ... ... Dayr Mār Mūsā al-Ḥabashī , near Nabk  (Syr. Orth.), where the walls of the chapel were elaborately painted on at ... ... Mar Phocas in Amyūn , Mar Saba  in Eddé , Mar Tadros in ... ...rches with fragmentary remains of painting on the walls. These paintings are all  ... in the north of Lebanon, centered around the rich commercial area  of Tripoli, in the Holy Valley of the Qadisha in the Lebanon range and in t... ... hermit caves by the river and under the cliffs of the Qadisha Gorge. Taken  all  of Tripoli, in the Holy Valley of the Qadisha in the Lebanon range and in t...
62
... the apostle of China, which appears in such E.-Syr. sources as  Ibn  al-Ṭayyib ’s Fiqh al-naṣrāniyya (VI.1.41, ... ...41, ed. Hoenerbach-Spies II.138.7–8), ʿAbdishoʿ bar  Brikha ’s Nomocanon (IX.1, ed. Mai 317a ... ...omocanon VIII.15, ed. Mai 304a 20–21) which credits the Ch. of E. Catholicoi Aḥai  (410–414) and Shila (503–523) with the erection of a metropolitan see for C... ...of a metropolitan see for China. ʿAbdishoʿ himself gives the credit to Ṣliba Zka  (714–28), while Ishoʿyahb (probably Ishoʿyahb III ... ...of a metropolitan see for China. ʿAbdishoʿ himself gives the credit to Ṣliba Zka  (714–28), while Ishoʿyahb (probably Ishoʿyahb III ... ...of a metropolitan see for China. ʿAbdishoʿ himself gives the credit to Ṣliba Zka  (714–28), while Ishoʿyahb (probably Ishoʿyahb III ... ...of a metropolitan see for China. ʿAbdishoʿ himself gives the credit to Ṣliba Zka  (714–28), while Ishoʿyahb (probably Ishoʿyahb III ... ... Ishoʿyahb III [649–59]) is given the honor by Ibn  al-Ṭayyib (Fiqh al-naṣrāniyya VI.1.16, ed. Hoenerbach-Spies II.121.4–5). Th...
63
Dawid Puniqoyo Dāwūd al-Ḥimṣī (ca. 1431 – ca. 1500) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Aaron M. Butts URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Dawid-Puniqoyo
...th cent. According to traditional biographical sources, he was born Dawid b. ʿAbd  al-Karīm b. Ṣalāḥ in al-Qaryatayn in 1431. At a young  age , he moved to Ḥimṣ , ... ...f Ṣalaḥ , Dionysios  bar  ... Ṣalibi , and  Bar  ʿEbroyo . Dawid also composed a number of poetic wo... ... Sources  Abūna ,  Adab , 582–4. Barsoum, Scattered pearls, 503–5. A. M.  Bu... ... (incl. further references) H.  Kaufhold, ‘Notizen über das Moseskloster bei Nabk  und das Julianskloster bei Qaryatain in Syrien’, ... ...yr.), 40–2 (LT). A.  Vööbus, ‘Die Entdeckung des Psalmenkommentars des Dawid bar 
64
Giwargi, bp. of the  Arab  ... tribes https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Giwargi-bp-of-the Arab -tribes http://syriaca.org/bibl/237 228 ... ... Sargis Zakunoyo to ordain Giwargi bishop of the Arab  tribes, which he did in Nov. 686. As a protegé of Athanasios II and a frien... ...cs’ (ed. G. Furlani); this is preserved in the 8th/9th-cent. ms. Brit. Libr. Add . 14,659, together with introductions and glosses. A number of verse texts a... ...  Miller, ‘George, bishop of the Arabs, on the true philosophy’,  ARAM  5 (1993), 303–20. J.  Tannous, ‘Between christology and kalam? The Life... ...christology and kalam? The Life and Letters of George, bishop of the  Arab  tribes’, in Malphono w- Rabo  d-Malphone, ed. G. A. Kiraz, 671–716. (with further ...
65
... Cath. Mar  Aba  I (d. 552), to Sh... ... Timotheos I (d. 823), Ishoʿ bar  Nun (d. 828), ʿAbdish... ...un (d. 828), ʿAbdishoʿ bar  Bahrīz (early 9th cent.), and ... ... Eliya of Nisibis  bar  Shinaya, d. 1046). While the lawbooks of  Aba   I, Shemʿon of Rev Ardashir, Ishoʿbokht, Ḥenanishoʿ I, Timotheos I, and Ish... ... Shemʿon of Rev Ardashir, Ishoʿbokht, Ḥenanishoʿ I, Timotheos I, and Ishoʿ  bar   I, Shemʿon of Rev Ardashir, Ishoʿbokht, Ḥenanishoʿ I, Timotheos I, and Ish... ... Shemʿon of Rev Ardashir, Ishoʿbokht, Ḥenanishoʿ I, Timotheos I, and Ishoʿ  Aba   I, Shemʿon of Rev Ardashir, Ishoʿbokht, Ḥenanishoʿ I, Timotheos I, and Ish... ... Shemʿon of Rev Ardashir, Ishoʿbokht, Ḥenanishoʿ I, Timotheos I, and Ishoʿ  bar   I, Shemʿon of Rev Ardashir, Ishoʿbokht, Ḥenanishoʿ I, Timotheos I, and Ish...
66
... 1. Joseph P.  Amar  is Director of Syriac and Arabic Studies ... ... Theological Seminary. 3.  Adam  H. Becker is Associate Professor ... ... is Adjunct Associate Professor in the Department of History in Art , and Associate Fellow in the Centre for the Study of Religion and Society, Univ... ...ity of America in Washington, DC. 27.  Bas  ter Haar Romeny is Professor of O... ... is Director of the Paul van Moorsel Centre for Christian Art  and Culture in the Middle East at Leiden University, The Netherlands. ... ...re for Hebrew and Jewish Studies. 61.  Bas  Snelders is a research fellow at ... ... is a research fellow at the Paul van Moorsel Center for Christian Art  and Culture in the Middle East, of Leiden University, The Netherlands. He is co... ... University, The Netherlands. He is co-editor of the periodical Eastern Christian Art . 62. Jan-Eric ...
67
...t (ms. Brit. Libr. Or. 8606, of 723). Theodoros Abū  Qurra (early 9th cent.), who normally wrote in... ...ic, states that he also composed a work in Syriac (J. C. Lamoreaux, Theodore Abu  Qurrah [2005], 119). 2. Translations of theological literature, including a let... ... produced evidence of Syriac translations of Cyril of Scythopolis’s Lives of Sabas  and Euthymios (Sinai Syr. M11 and 13N, Fragments no. 36), and of the Life o... ...irst Part’ of Isḥaq’s writings survives, copied in the very Monastery of St. Sabas  where it was subsequently translated into Greek (Sinai Syr. 24, with parts ... ... rite involved the major undertaking of translating into Syriac (and Arabic) all  the various Greek liturgical books that had developed by the end of the fir... ... 7. For the small amount that survives of Christian Palestinian Aramaic literature, all  ... Melkite, see that entry. Almost all  Melkite literature in Syriac was produced in western Syria, and important c... ...h, the region of the Kalamun, in particular  Qara  , and Ṣaydnāyā. Melkite copyists at St. Catherine’s...
68
Ishoʿdad of Merv (fl. ca. 850) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ishodad-of-Merv
... W.-Syr. authors, such as Dionysios  bar  Ṣalibi . Both the theological concepts and the exegetic... ... Narsai , Cath. Mar  Aba  , and Ḥenana ... ...son, The commentaries of Ishoʿdad of Merv, bishop of Hadatha (c. 850 A.D .) in Syriac and English (5 vols.; 1911–1916; repr. 2005). ...
69
ḤarranContributor: Hidemi Takahashi URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Harran
...he first city built after the Flood according to a tradition recorded by the Arab  geographer Yāqūt in his Muʿjam al-buldān and the pl... ...e last (eastern) Umayyad Marwān II (744–750). It was probably early on under Arab  rule, before the 8th cent., that the Syriac work entitled the ‘Prophecies o... ...tten, inviting the pagans of Ḥarran to convert to Christianity. According to Ibn  al-Nadīm, it was at the time of a visit by Caliph al-Maʾmūn in 830 that the... ...n in 830 that the people of the town identified themselves with the Sabians  Ṣābiʾ ) mentioned in the Qurʾān, so as to escape persecution by claiming to be a ‘... ...n in 830 that the people of the town identified themselves with the Sabians  Ṣābiʾ ) mentioned in the Qurʾān, so as to escape persecution by claiming to be a ‘... ...s who continued to use Syriac. In his Lexicon,  Bar  Bahlul refers to the Syriac dialect specific to Ḥ... ...iac, which were known to and were quoted by  Bar  ʿEbroyo . Ḥarran became the principal seat of the N... ...l of Constantinople in 381, Daniel, a cousin of  Hiba  of Edessa (attested 444, 449), and John, who was a...
70
...ior to the arrival of Europeans in the 16th cent. the Thomas Christians were all  part of the Ch. of E. Since the late 16th cent., however, successive divisi... ... ones having been destroyed at the Synod of Diamper (Udayamperur, 1599). Sea  trade between the Red  Sea  and the south Indian port of Muziris (usually identified as Kodungalur/ Cra... trade between the Red  Sea  and the south Indian port of Muziris (usually identified as Kodungalur/ Cra... ...ddle) Persian for liturgical use and sent these books ‘to the islands of the sea  and to India’. In the early 6th cent. Cosmas Indicopleustes, a friend of th... ... Cosmas Indicopleustes, a friend of the Catholicos Mar  Aba  , speaks of a church at Male (Malabar) and a bp. ‘a... ...appointed from Persia’ at Kalliana (identified either as Kalyan, Mumbai-Pune area , or as Quilon; ‘Topography’, III.15), and in the mid-7th cent. one of ... ...ration is linked to Knai Thoman, represented in western sources as Thomas of Cana , the Canaanite (thus also in one Syriac text, Mingana 1926, 481, 513), who ...
71
Yaʿqub of Edessa (ca. 630–708) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Alison G. Salvesen URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yaqub-of-Edessa
... (ca. 684–9, 708) and scholar. Born in the village of ʿEn  Deba  in the district of Gumya, in the province of Antioch ... ... . He entered the monastery of John bar  Aphtonia in Qenne... ... He moved on to the Monastery of Tell ʿAda  along with his disciples and worked on his revision ... ...bishopric. However, he himself died only four months later on 5 June at Tell ʿAda , to which he had returned in order to fetch his library and students. He wa... ... completed by his friend Giwargi bp. of the Arab  tribes . 3. Many letters on matters ranging from canon ... ... Aleppo , Pawlos of Antioch, Eustathios of Dara , Qurisona of  Dara , the priest Abrohom, the deacon Gewargis, the sculptor Toma, and Barḥadbsha... , Qurisona of  Dara , the priest Abrohom, the deacon Gewargis, the sculptor Toma, and Barḥadbsha...
72
... person Cath. (552-67), successor of Mar Aba  I, in a period of tension between the Church and the Persian authorities. ... ... Cath. (552–67), successor of Mar  Aba  I , in a period of tension between the Church and t... ...owever, he is said to have become arrogant and to have given himself over to all  sorts of misbehavior as well as to simony. This eventually led the metropol... ...ter, after Yawsep’s death.  Bar  ʿEbroyo , who appears to be well-informed about thi... ... , written in support of  Papa   bar  ʿAggai who, in the early 4th cent. had been de...  bar  ʿAggai who, in the early 4th cent. had been de...  bar  ʿAggai who, in the early 4th cent. had been de...
73
Abraham bar Dashandad (8th cent.) [E.-Syr.]Contributor: Herman G. B. Teule URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abraham-bar-Dashandad
Abraham  bar  ... Dashandad https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abraham bar -Dashandad http://syriaca.org/bibl/21 12 ... ...ere he was born, he was the disciple of the reformer of ecclesiastical music Babai  of Gbilta and later became teacher at the School of ... ...ere he was born, he was the disciple of the reformer of ecclesiastical music Babai  of Gbilta and later became teacher at the School of Bashosh in Persia, ... ...ilta and later became teacher at the School of Bashosh in Persia, founded by Babai , and the School of Marga. At the end of his life, he established himself at... ...ilta and later became teacher at the School of Bashosh in Persia, founded by Babai , and the School of Marga. At the end of his life, he established himself at... ...ilta and later became teacher at the School of Bashosh in Persia, founded by Babai , and the School of Marga. At the end of his life, he established himself at... ... as the Upper Monastery. According to ʿAbdishoʿ bar  Brikha , he was the author of a Book of ...
74
Pawlos of Nisibis (d. 573) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Pawlos-of-Nisibis
..., and bp. of Nisibis, for which position he was selected in 544 by Cath. Mar Aba , his former teacher. ... ...ch position he was selected in 544 by Cath. Mar  Aba  , his former teacher. As metropolitan bp. of Nisibi...
75
Danhash, George (1921–1969) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Danhash-George
... Isḥāq Armalah and  ʿAbd  al-Masīḥ Qarabashī . He taught in the Syr. Orth... ... rḥimto was published with musical notation by Gabriel Asʿad  (Aleppo, 1935). ... ... Sources Munūfar Barṣūm, Aḍwāʾ , 35–8, 63–4. ...
76
Antioch AntakyaContributor: Hidemi Takahashi URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Antioch
... called ‘Christian’ soon became the most important center of Christianity in Asia , and its see was recognised as ranking alongside those of Rome and Alexandr... ..., as well as of more friendly visits by Michael Rabo  (1166–99), who is said to have been enthroned on t... ...self on the outskirts of the city some time before 1246, and by Yuḥanon bar  Maʿdani (1252–63), who was enthroned on the ‘chair of ...
77
...mation about early Christian evangelistic attitudes and practices in western Asia  and illuminate the ascetic values that are typical of the Apocryphal Acts g... ... Primary Sources P.  Bedjan, Acta  martyrum et sanctorum (1892) vol. 3, 3–167. (Syr.) ... ...f Thomas and the Unity of the Dualistic World in the Syrian Orient’, ARAM  1.2 (1989), 217–52. H. W.  Attridge, ‘A... ... H. W.  Attridge, ‘Acts of Thomas’, in  ABD  , vol. 6, 531–4. G.  Bornkamm, Mythos u...
78
Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq (808–873) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Aaron M. Butts URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Hunayn-b-Ishaq
... Physician, philosopher, theologian, and translator. His full name is Abū  Zayd Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq b. Sulaymān b. Ayyūb al-ʿIbādī, and he was known in me... ... including his son Isḥāq b. Ḥunayn (d. 910), his nephew Ḥubaysh b. al-Ḥasan, ʿĪsā  b. Yaḥyā, and Isṭifān b. Bāsīl. Ḥunayn and his school translated well over ... ...ical method of Ḥunayn and his school can be gleaned from Ḥunayn’s ‘Letter to ʿAlī  ... b. Yaḥyā on Galen’s books which have been translated …’ (Risāla ilā   ʿAlī   ibn   ʿAlī   ibn  Yaḥyā fī dhikr mā turjima min kutub Jālīnūs …; ed. with GT in ...
79
Bar Bahlul, Ḥasan (mid-10th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Bar-Bahlul-Hasan
 Bar  ... Bahlul, Ḥasan https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Bar -Bahlul-Hasan http://syriaca.org/bibl/82 73 ... ... http://syriaca.org/bibl/82 73 Ḥasan Bar  Bahlul http://syriaca.org/person/365 person ... ...km. north of Baghdad , in the region of Ṭirhan, Bar  Bahlul spent most of his life in Baghdad and belonged to the Christian inte... ...al elite, who interacted with Muslim scholars and were thoroughly bilingual. Bar  Bahlul used both Syriac and Arabic in his publications. He was involved in ... ...al elite, who interacted with Muslim scholars and were thoroughly bilingual. Bar  Bahlul used both Syriac and Arabic in his publications. He was involved in ... ...as involved in the election of Cath. ʿAbdishoʿ I in 963.  Bar  Bahlul’s Lexicon (Syr. Leksiqon) deals with scholarly and technical termino... ...names are included as well. The words are in alphabetical order, even though Bar  Bahlul occasionally groups together Syriac words that are based on the same...
80
...he Syriac Apocryphal Psalms are also found as filler material in mss. of the Ktābā  d-Durrāšā ‘Book of Exercise’ by Eliya of ... ...d-Durrāšā ‘Book of Exercise’ by Eliya of al Anbār  (first half of the 10th cent.). The order of the A... ...t half of the 10th cent.). The order of the Apocryphal Psalms in mss. of the Ktābā  d-Durrāšā differs from that in the Chaldean Patriarchate ms. (I = 151; II =... ...f this ms. A version of the Apocryphal Psalms similar to that in mss. of the Ktābā  d-Durrāšā is also found appended to ms. Berlin, Orient. Fol. 3122, ... ...[2nd ed. 2009], 240–45). This not only anticipates the discovery of the Dead Sea  Scrolls by more than a millennium, but also may help to explain the ... ... J. A. Sanders idem , The Dead Sea  Psalms Scroll (1967), esp. 93–112. ... ... Secondary Sources S. C.  Pigué, in  ABD  , vol. 5, 536–7. ... ...syrischen Psalmen (einschließlich Psalm 151)’, in Jüdische Schriften aus  hellenistisch-römischer Zeit, Band IV, Lieferung 1, ed. ...
81
Schulthess, Friedrich (1868–1922)Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Schulthess-Friedrich
... Select CPA  publications by Schulthess Lexicon Syr... ...a St. Antonii (1894). ‘Der Brief des Mara   bar  Serapion’, ZDMG 51 (1897), 36...
82
Beth Lapaṭ Gondeshapur, Jundi-ShapurContributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Beth-Lapat
...in the list of metropolitan sees, and later Mar Aba  specifies that he should preside over the election... ... of Gewargis, of the Bokhtishoʿ family (see Gabriel bar  Bokhtishoʿ ) in Beth Lapaṭ, to be his physician... ... N. Abbott, ‘Jundi-Shapur: A preliminary historical sketch’,  Ars  Orientalis 7 (1968), 53–73. J.-M. Fiey, ‘L’Elam, la première des métropoles... ... ein eine Medizinschule aus  dem 6. Jh. nach Chr.’, Gesnerus 36 (1979), 98–115. ... ... H.  H.  Schoffler, Die Akademie von Gondischapur. Aristoteles auf  dem Wege in den Orient (1980). A.  Siassi, ‘L’université de Gond-i Shapur e...
83
ʿAbdishoʿ of Gazarta (d. 1567) [Ch. of E., Chald.]Contributor: Herman G. B. Teule URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abdisho-of-Gazarta
... http://syriaca.org/person/311 person ʿAbdishoʿ bar  ... Yoḥannan d-Beth Maron, monk of the monastery of Mar Aḥa  the Egyptian, in the region of Gazarta (Cizre).... ... (d. 1567) [Ch. of E., Chald.] ʿAbdishoʿ bar  Yoḥannan d-Beth Maron, monk of the monastery of Mar  Aḥa  the Egyptian, in the region of Gazarta (Cizre), participated in the Synod w... Yoḥannan d-Beth Maron, monk of the monastery of Mar  Aḥa  the Egyptian, in the region of Gazarta (Cizre), participated in the Synod w... Yoḥannan d-Beth Maron, monk of the monastery of Mar  Aḥa  the Egyptian, in the region of Gazarta (Cizre), participated in the Synod w... Yoḥannan d-Beth Maron, monk of the monastery of Mar  Aḥa  the Egyptian, in the region of Gazarta (Cizre), participated in the Synod w... ...f Gazarta (Cizre), participated in the Synod which deposed Patr. Shemʿon VII bar 
84
Theodoros bar Koni (fl. end of the 8th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Aaron M. Butts URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Theodoros-bar-Koni
Theodoros  bar  ... Koni https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Theodoros bar -Koni http://syriaca.org/bibl/555 546 ... ...concerning his dates, there now seems to be general consensus that Theodoros bar  Koni completed his main literary work, the Scholion, in 792/3 (for discussi... ... ʿAbdishoʿ attributes the following works to Bar  Koni (Assemani, BibOr, vol. 3, 198–9): 1. Scholion; 2. Ecclesiastical Histo... ...mrā and possibly also the 10th may, however, be later expansions (even if by Bar  Koni, himself). The first nine memre are organized according to the biblical text. ... ...f questions and answers, a genre employed by other E.-Syr. exegetes, such as Bar  ... Koni’s near contemporary Ishoʿ bar  Nun (d. 828) (for this genre, see ter Haar Romeny). ... ...lowed too closely (often calqued) or a neologism was created (see Salvesen). Bar  Koni’s exegesis is based first and foremost on ...
85
Qiyore of Edessa Cyrus of Edessa (6th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Qiyore-of-Edessa
... Nisibis (ca. 533–8) he was a disciple of Mar  Aba  ; he subsequently taught at the School of ... ... Seleucia-Ctesiphon , and became its Director. After Mar Aba’s  death (552) he founded a monastery at Ḥirta ...
86
... the wise’,and the tale of the ‘Ten viziers and the son of King Azad -Bekht’. 3. The next category is constituted by medical texts of Greek origin, w... ...We may assume that the reason behind this request was that the very critical Ibn  Māsawayh held that Syriac was more appropriate than Arabic for expressing s... ... discussion, see Teule, forthcoming). 4.  Bar  ʿEbroyo had a good knowledge of Muslim-Arabic lite... ...con’ and the ‘Book of the Dove’ (based on Ghazālī), the Swād supyā (based on Ibn  Sinā), etc. In these cases, however, the author did not intend to make tran... ...nslations, and the origin of the source text was not revealed. Nevertheless, Bar  ʿEbroyo did also compose several translations that were meant as such: the ... ...nslations, and the origin of the source text was not revealed. Nevertheless, Bar  ʿEbroyo did also compose several translations that were meant as such: the ... ...nslations, and the origin of the source text was not revealed. Nevertheless, Bar  ʿEbroyo did also compose several translations that were meant as such: the ... ...did also compose several translations that were meant as such: the Kitāb al-išārāt wa-al-tanbīhāt by Ibn 
87
Marcion (d. ca. 160)Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Marcion
...e Marcionites. Marcion was born in Sinope on the southern shore of the Black Sea  in  Asia  Minor. In ca. 140 he traveled to Rome, where in 144 he was excommunicated b... in  Asia  Minor. In ca. 140 he traveled to Rome, where in 144 he was excommunicated b... ...d. A remarkable episode in the ‘Life of Mar  Aba  ’ (ed. Bedjan) suggests that in mid-6th cent. Mesop... ... Christianity [1971]) P.  Bedjan, Histoire de Mar Jab -Alaha, patriarche, de trois autres patriarches, d’un prêtre et de d...
88
...0 with Gottheil 1887, 61*–67*; 1889), Ishoʿ  bar  Nun (d. 828), Ḥunayn b. ... ...il 1887, 61*–67*; 1889), Abdochus (12th cent.),  Bar  ʿEbroyo (1225–86; see Martin), and ... ... (1225–86; see Martin), and ʿAbdishoʿ bar  Brikha (d. 1318). The firs... ...technical loan-words in Syr., and other rare vocabulary, rather than listing  all  Syr. lexemes. One of the first of these was Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq’s Puššāq šmāhe yawnāye b-suryāye ‘The i... ... turn re-edited by one of Ḥunayn’s students, Ishoʿ bar   ʿAli  , and in this Syr.-Arabic form it still survives (Hoffmann ...  ʿAli  , and in this Syr.-Arabic form it still survives (Hoffmann ...  ʿAli  , and in this Syr.-Arabic form it still survives (Hoffmann ...
89
...ding those in languages such as Persian, Kyrgyz, and Tatar. The existence of all  these versions stimulated the popular cult of the Sleepers of Ephesus in se... .... (ed. Guidi, ‘Testi orientali’, two versions, 358–63, 363–9). This includes all  the elements known from the later prose texts. Still in the 6th cent. it fo... ...story of Pseudo-Zacharias of Mitylene (d. after 569), from whom Michael Rabo  has a fragment in his Chronicle (ca. 1198), and ... ...). The earliest of them (if not Peterburgensis) would be London, Brit. Libr. Add . 14,650, of the 6th–7th cent. There are some differences between the Syriac... ... the oldest witnesses (Yaʿqub of Serugh and Pseudo-Zacharias) and in Michael Rabo , but eight in  all  the other texts. The original language of the text was the object of a discussi... , but eight in  all  the other texts. The original language of the text was the object of a discussi... , but eight in  all  the other texts. The original language of the text was the object of a discussi...
90
... The Syriac sentences are preserved in the 7th-cent. ms. London, Brit. Libr. Add . 14,658 (ed. Land; corrections by Wright) which contains also various ... ...vol. 3, 1154–60). An epitome of the collection exists in London, Brit. Libr. Add . 14,614 (ed. Sachau). Scholars have differently divided the collection into in... ...nized along the major stages of a life, from birth through adulthood and old age  to death. The Syriac text probably is a translation from the Greek (Land; Baums... ... T.  Baarda, ‘The Sentences of the Syriac Menander (Third Century  A.D .): A new translation and introduction’, in The Old Testament Apocrypha, ed. J. H. Charlesworth, ... ... Profanliteratur (1870), 80–3. F. Schulthess, ‘Die Sprüche des Menander, aus  dem Syrischen übersetzt’, ZAW ... ...1. T. Baarda, ‘Syriac Menander’, in  ABD  , vol. 6 (1992), 281f. ... ... E.  Schürer, The History of the Jewish People in the Age  of Jesus Christ (175 B.C.- A.D . 135), vol. 3/1 (a new English version revised and edited by G. Ver...
91
Bar ʿEbroyo, Grigorios Grigorios Abū al-Faraj, Barhebraeus (1225/6–1286) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Hidemi Takahashi URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Bar-Ebroyo-Grigorios
 Bar  ... ʿEbroyo, Grigorios https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Bar -Ebroyo-Grigorios http://syriaca.org/bibl/83 74 ... ...http://syriaca.org/bibl/83 74 Grigorios Bar  ʿEbroyo  Abū  al-Faraj Barhebraeus http://syriaca.org/person/239 ... ...c Renaissance of the 12th–13th cent. Grigorios Abū  al-Faraj, Barhebraeus (1225/6–1286) [Syr. Orth.] ... ... (since 1264) and polymath. Foremost representative of the Syriac Renaissance of the 12th–13th cent. Bar  ʿEbroyo was born as a son of the physician Ahrun in ... ...nds of the Crusaders) and, possibly, Damascus , Bar  ʿEbroyo was made bp. in 1246 of Gubos and a little later of Laqabin (both s... ... 1222–52). In the schism that followed the death of Ignatius III, Bar  ʿEbroyo sided at first with Dionysios ʿAngur ( ...
92
Shemʿun II, Basileios (ca. 1670–1740) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Shemun-II-Basileios
...Abdin in 1710 by Patr. Isḥoq ʿAzar  at the church of Mor Thoma in Qaṭrabil near A... ...tively administer the maphrianate in 1727. Shemʿun was tortured then killed on 6 Apr . 1740 by  ʿAbdal   Agha   ʿAbdal   Agha   ʿAbdal   Agha , a local Kurdish warlord, for refusing to grant a matrimonial permission fo...
93
...ng evidence of the immediate coexistence of Coptic and Manichean Syr. (or at any  rate an Aramaic dialect, very close to Syr. in both language and script). T... ...s were divided between Chalcedonians and anti-Chalcedonians, the latter were able  in the course of the 6th cent. to build a church structure that became the ... ...f Alexandria, arguing that in times of oppression the two Churches needed to act  as one. Severus won for himself lasting authority in both the Syr. and the ... ...o be used within the individual churches. The absence of any  dogmatic barrier made it possible for Syr. Christians to fully integrate in... ... such as the Monastery of Mar Michael, in Upper Egypt, where ms. Brit. Libr. Add . 14,582 was produced in 816; an unnamed monastery in the Thebais where in 8... ...16; an unnamed monastery in the Thebais where in 822/23 the monk Ahron, from Dara  ...16; an unnamed monastery in the Thebais where in 822/23 the monk Ahron, from Dara , produced ms. Brit. Libr.  Add . 14,623 (reusing a 6th-cent. ms. that contained ...
94
Aristotle (384–322 BC)Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Aristotle
... Yaʿqub of Edessa , and Giwargi bp. of the Arab  tribes , several of which survive; the later bo... ... Arabic; some use of them, however, was made by  Bar  ʿEbroyo in his ‘Cream of Wisdom’ and elsewhere... ...abriel Qaṭraya and  Babai  onwards also show an awareness of Aristotle’s logi... ... the ‘Organon’; CSCO 464, p. 35), Theodoros bar  Koni , and others survive, but no specific comm... ...ntary reaching the ‘Analytics’ by Dionysios  bar  Ṣalibi survives (ms. Cambridge Gg. 2.14). In the early 13th ... ...g. 2.14). In the early 13th cent. both Yoḥannan bar  Zoʿbi and Yaʿqub ... ... Zoʿbi and Yaʿqub bar  Shakko (in his ‘Dialogues’) are concerned with... ... (in his ‘Dialogues’) are concerned with related topics; a little later Bar  ʿEbroyo, in his Ktobo d-boboto covers in brief the whole of the ‘Organon’, ...
95
Elishaʿ bar Quzbaye (early 6th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Elisha-bar-Quzbaye
Elishaʿ  bar  ... Quzbaye https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Elisha bar -Quzbaye http://syriaca.org/bibl/196 187 ... ... Barḥadbshabba ʿArbaya calls him ‘Elishaʿ ʿArbaya bar  Quzbane (sic)’ (ed. F. Nau). The Chronicle of Siirt ... ... composed on the Christian religion and which Cath.  Aqaq  translated into Persian before submitting it to th... ...iirt also ascribes to him a book on ‘the cause of the setting of the mawtbā  Arab . al-mawtib; perhaps “academic session”) in the school’, a title that links ...
96
PoetryContributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Poetry
... Arabic can also be seen in many of the poems that make up ʿAbdishoʿ bar  ... Brikha ’s ‘Paradise of Eden’, where all  sorts of artifices, such as lipograms, can be found; that these have contin... ... Watt) of his larger work on ‘Rhetoric’. Yaʿqub bar  Shakko also devotes a section to the subject i... ...Heirmologion, the Beth Gazo provides the model stanzas that accompanied each qālā . A number of printed editions of these have been published, both in India (... ...d others). Many of the texts in an early Maronite Beth Gazo (ms. Brit. Libr. Add . 14,703, of the 12th/13th cent.) have been edited by J. Tabet (Kaslik, ... ... Edessa , Giwargi bp. of the Arab  tribes ,  Bar  Sobto,  Bar 
97
AramaicContributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Aramaic
...cations of the ‘Fertile Crescent’, in Syria and Mesopotamia. It later spread all  ... over the Middle East and well into Central Asia . From the 6th cent. BC to the 7th cent. AD, Aramaic, in a variety of interr... ... chapters of the biblical book of Daniel, the Aramaic portions of the Dead  Sea  documents, and the earliest layer of the Jewish Targumim, or translations o... ... (Targumim, hymns, and prose compositions); and Christians of the Jerusalem  area  (Christian Palestinian Aramaic). East-Aramaic texts were produced by Jews (part... ... Appendix added to the Chronicle of Michael  Rabo  , which deals with ‘the kingdoms that have been established in ... ... Antiquity by our race, (that of) the Arameans, namely the descendants of  Aram , who were called Syrians or inhabitants of Syria’ (ed. J. B. Chabot, text i... ... (1981), 613–49. S. P.  Brock, ‘Three thousand years of Aramaic literature’, ARAM  1 (1989), 11–23. Brock and Taylor, Hidden Pearl, esp. vol. ... ...the Aramaic Language’, in A Wandering Aramean. Collected Aramaic Essays  SBL  Monographs 25; 1979), 57–84. J. C. Greenfield, ‘Standard Literary Aramaic’,...
98
Yoḥannan bar Zoʿbi (12th/13th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yohannan-bar-Zobi
Yoḥannan  bar  ... Zoʿbi https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yohannan bar -Zobi http://syriaca.org/bibl/607 598 ... ... also from the Syr. Orth. Church, among them Yaʿqub bar  Shakko . He was the author of an important gram... ... Primary Sources J.  Isaac, ‘Le baptême et le levain sacré par Johannan bar  Zoʿbi’, Bayn al-Nahrayn 16 (61–2) (1988), ... ...  Khoraiche, ‘L’explication de tous les mystères divins’ de Yohannan bar  Zoʿbi selon le ms Borg. sir. 90’, Euntes Docete 19 (1966), 386–426. (FT) ... ... 90’, Euntes Docete 19 (1966), 386–426. (FT) T.  Mannooramparampil, John ba  Zoʿbi. Explanation of the Divine Mysteries (Oriental Institute ... ... mss.) G. Bohas, Les bgdkpt en syriaque selon Bar  Zoʿbi (2005). H. Daiber, ‘Ein verge... ... Zoʿbi (2005). H. Daiber, ‘Ein vergessener syrischer Text: Bar  Zoʿbi über die Teile der Philosophie’, ...
99
Elias, Ghaṭṭās (Danḥo) Maqdisī (1911–2008) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Mor Polycarpus Augin Aydin George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Elias-Ghattas-Danho-Maqdisi
... Damascus in 1932, and taught in Bāb  Tūmā for two years. In 1933 he worked for the Syrian Customs. In 1979 he em... ... netkanaš, put to music by his cousin Gabriel Asʿad  ; 3. collections of poems, letters, and other writi... ... Sources  Abūna ,  Adab  ..., 576. Macuch, Geschichte, 465. Munūfar Barṣūm, Aḍwāʾ , 122–4. ...
100
Jerusalem Syr. Oreshlem, Urishlem Contributor: George A. Kiraz Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Jerusalem
... For the Syr. Orth. Church, a list appended to the Chronicle of Michael Rabo  (App. IV) provides the names of bps. of Jerusalem.... ... the subsequent period, from the 12th cent. until the present day, a list of all  known bps. is available in Kiraz, 45–7. For the Ch. of ... ...r the Ch. of E., a metropolitan bp. ‘of Damascus, Jerusalem, and the coastal area ’ is attested from the late 9th cent. onwards. Only a handful of names are k... ...milies settled in Jerusalem and Bethlehem, many of whom emigrated out of the area  after the 1948 and 1976  Arab -Israeli wars. Bp. Athanasios Yeshuʿ Samuel ... ... played an important role in the discovery of the Dead Sea  Scrolls. His autobiographical book on this subject contains much informatio... ... Brock, ‘East Syriac pilgrims to Jerusalem in the early Ottoman period’, ARAM  18–19 (2006–7), 189–201. S. P.  Brock, H.  Gold... ...e Syriac inscriptions at the entrance to the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem’, ARAM  18–19 (2006–7), 415–38. Brock and Taylor, Hidden Pearl, vol. ...
101
...rt commentary attributed to Abraham Qaṭraya  bar  Lipeh . Another biblical interpreter frequently quoted in later ... ... works, esp. in biblical commentaries and in the Lexicon of  Bar  Bahlul . Some of these glosses are attributed to th... ... 171–96. S. P.  Brock, ‘Syriac writers from Beth Qaṭraye’, ARAM  11–12 (1999–2000), 85–96. S.... ... S.  Brock idem , ‘From Qatar to Tokyo, by way of Mar Saba ’,  ARAM  11–12 (1999/2000), 475–84. R. A.  Carter, ‘Christianity in the Gulf during ... ... Carter, ‘Christianity in the Gulf during the first centuries of Islam’, Arab  Archaeology and Epigraphy 19 (2008), 71–108. R.... ...98–1968), 209–19. J. F.  Healey, ‘The Christians of Qatar in the 7th century A.D .’, in Studies in Honour of C. E. Bosworth, ed. I. R. Netton, vol. 1...
102
... Nagran in S. Arabia); 6.  Peruz Shapur, later known as al Anbār  . The ‘ Arab ’ dioceses emerged under Abbasid rule. They include: 1.  al-Qaṣr, between Ba... ...the Aramaic language and ethnicity in general).  Bar  Bahlul , in his Lexicon, quotes some peculiar forms... ...substitute for ‘Aramaic’. This occurs, e.g., in  Ibn  al-Ṭayyib ’s ‘Paradise of Christianity’ (commenting... ... (commenting on the first language of the world) and in a related passage in Ibn  al-Nadīm’s Fihrist (Fiey 1990, 83–84; cf. K. Samir, ‘Théodore de Mopsueste ... ...LM 90 [1977], 355–63).  Bar  ʿEbroyo , in his Mukhtaṣar, is aware that the Aramaic language (nabṭiyya) o...
103
Sṭephanos  bar  ... Ṣudayli https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Stephanos bar -Sudayli http://syriaca.org/bibl/529 520 ... ... actions against him are provided in the Chronicle of Michael Rabo  , in the Chronicle of 1234, and in ... ... , in the Chronicle of 1234, and in  Bar  ʿEbroyo ’s Chronicle. That Sṭephanos is the author of t... ...nds and makes additions to the Pseudo-Dionysian writings. While Sṭephanos in all  likelihood is the author of the first layer (not yet attributed to Hierothe... ... Theodosios (887–896) and later by Bar  ʿEbroyo; they were intended to reinterpret the work in accordance with the ... ... Sources A. L.  Frothingham, Stephen bar  Sudaili the Syrian mystic and the Book of Hierotheos (1886). ... ....  Jansma, ‘Philoxenus’ Letter to Abraham and Orestes concerning Stephen bar  Sudaili. Some proposals with regard to the correction of the Syriac tex...
104
Mani (216 – ca. 276)Contributor: Jeff W. Childers URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Mani
...n in Mesopotamia. Reared in a strict Jewish-Christian baptismal sect, at the age  of 12 Mani began to experience revelations from a heavenly being called ... ...ued to attract converts throughout Persia and the Roman empire, into central Asia , where it survived into the Mongol period, and even as far as eastern China... .... J. H.-J.   Klimkeit, Manichean Art  and Calligraphy (1982). S. N. C.  L... ... P. A.  Mirecki, ‘Manichaeans and Manichaeism’, in  ABD  , vol. 4, 502–11. C. G.  Stroumsa, ‘Asp...
105
Marutha of Maypherqaṭ (4th/5th cent.)Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Marutha-of-Maypherqat
... life in Armenian (ed. Marcus), Greek (ed. J. Noret, in  AB  91 [1973], 77–103), and Arabic (Chronicle of ... ... Siirt , chap. 66; Yaqut, under ‘Mayyafariqin’; Ibn  al-Azraq); probably  all  go back to lost Syriac sources. Son of a local governor, he evidently train... al-Azraq); probably  all  go back to lost Syriac sources. Son of a local governor, he evidently train... ... Isḥaq , the bp. of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, were able  to get the Shah’s permission to convene a synod there, at which the Council... ... Sources J.-M.  Fiey, ‘Maruta de Martyropolis d’après Ibn  ... al-Azraq (d.1181)’,  AB  94 (1976), 35–45. R.  Marcus, ‘The Armenian Li... ...sions perses à Maroutha de Maypherqat’,  AB  97 (1979), 129–30. ...
106
Gewargis I (d. 680/1) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Gewargis-I
... and was a monk in Beth ʿAbe  . He came into contact with the future ... ...], a term which may perhaps include Muslims, as well as against polygamy); a ban  on drinking wine with Jews in Jewish taverns, especially after the Christia... ...Enanishoʿ , a fellow monk from the Monastery of Beth ʿAbe , to compile the ‘Paradise of the Fathers’, which became an authoritative co...
107
Shemʿun of Beth Arsham (d. before 548) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Shemun-of-Beth-Arsham
... Theodoret of Cyrrhus ,  Hiba  of Edessa , ... ...aders and scholars of the School, in particular  Aqaq  , Barṣawma of Nisibis, and ...
108
Gabriel bar Bokhtishoʿ Jibrāʾīl, Jibrīl (d. 827/8) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Aaron M. Butts URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Gabriel-bar-Bokhtisho
Gabriel  bar  ... Bokhtishoʿ https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Gabriel bar -Bokhtisho http://syriaca.org/bibl/224 215 ... ... b. Isḥāq (d. 873) (see G. Bergsträsser, Ḥunain Ibn  Isḥāq. Über die syrischen und arabischen Galen-Übersetzungen ... ... Gabriel is cited a number of times in the Lexicon of Ḥasan bar  Bahlul (see R. Duval, Lexicon Syriacum auctore... ... (see R. Duval, Lexicon Syriacum auctore Hassano bar  Bahlule [3 vols.; 1888–1901, repr. 1970], xvi-xvii). He is also mentioned i... ... (Assemani, BibOr, vol. 3, 257–8) where he is grouped together with Ḥasan bar  Bahlul, Ishoʿ  bar   ʿAli  , and a certain ‘Maruzaya’ (probably either ...
109
BaghdadContributor: Hidemi Takahashi URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Baghdad
... Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq (d. 873), Abū  ... Bishr Mattā b. Yūnus (d. 940), Yaḥyā b.  ʿAdī  ... (893–974), and  Abū  al-Faraj  ibn  al-Ṭayyib (d. 1043), to name but a few (se... al-Faraj  ibn  al-Ṭayyib (d. 1043), to name but a few (se... al-Faraj  ibn  al-Ṭayyib (d. 1043), to name but a few (se... al-Faraj  ibn  al-Ṭayyib (d. 1043), to name but a few (se... ... II (mid-14th cent.) were still consecrated in Baghdad, but normally resided away  from Baghdad in northern Iraq and (today’s Iranian) Azerbaijan. ...
110
Toma of Marga (9th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Witold Witakowski URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Toma-of-Marga
...’ he became a monk in the Monastery of Beth ʿAbe  (‘The Forest Monastery’), in Marga, ca 100 km. nor... ... E.-Syr. Church hailed. When in the year 837 a former monk and abbot of Beth ʿAbe , Abraham, became Cath. (Abraham  II, 837–50), Toma, his friend in the monas... ...e metropolitan of Beth Garmai are two different persons. Toma wrote three books, all  within the genre of monastic history. The first of them, which may have been en... ...most comprehensive work: The Book of the Governors (Syr. ktābā  ... d-rešāne), scil. of the Monastery of Beth ʿAbe  (better: Book of Abbots), is also known in Western scholarship as Historia ... ...f holy men and monks who for generations lived in the holy monastery of Beth ʿAbe , written by the venerable Mar Toma bishop of Marga’. The work was most prob... ...of E., such as the conversion of the peoples living southeast of the Caspian Sea  and the missions to South Arabia, Persia, and China. He writes on the relations of the Christians w... ...i.e., of Adiabene, who had also been a monk of Beth ʿAbe . ...
111
Yoḥannan of Dailam (d. 738) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yohannan-of-Dailam
...ary. He was a monk of the Monastery of Beth ʿAbe  , but was taken prisoner to Dailam; there, once he had ... ... Damascus , he is said to have healed a child of ʿAbd  al-Malik. He finally settled in Fars , near ... ...ogdischer soghdischen Kirchengeschichte aus  Zentralasien ... ... ,  Acta  Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 24 (1976), 95–101. ...
112
Sargis bar Waḥle (ca. 1500) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Herman G. B. Teule URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Sargis-bar-Wahle
Sargis  bar  ... Waḥle https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Sargis bar -Wahle http://syriaca.org/bibl/479 470 ... ... (ca. 1500) [Ch. of E.] Monk and poet. Sargis bar  Waḥle from Adharbayjān, was a monk in the Monastery of Rabban Hormizd ... ...the extensive use of rare words and Greek loan words. A metrical poem on Mar Aḥa , which existed in ms. ( olim ... ...’, in his The Histories of Rabban Hormizd the Persian and Rabban Bar -ʿIdtâ, vol. 2.2 (1902). (ET) ... ... Secondary Sources  Abūna ,  Adab , 513–4. Baumstark, Literatur, 330–1. Macuch...
113
Severos bar Mashqo (d. 684) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Severos-bar-Mashqo
Severos  bar  ... Mashqo https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Severos bar -Mashqo http://syriaca.org/bibl/496 487 ... ...iographical works, in particular in Michael  Rabo  and  Bar  ʿEbroyo . Severos is said to have been a severe man... ...ved, as part of a dossier of six letters related to the conflict, in Michael Rabo  (XI.14: vol. 4, 438–44 [Syr.] and vol. 2, 458–68 [FT])  — ... ... O. J.  Schrier, ‘Chronological problems concerning the lives of Severus bar  Mašqā, Athanasius of Balad, Julianus Romāyā, Yoḥannān  Sābā , George of the Arabs and Jacob of Edessa’, ... Mašqā, Athanasius of Balad, Julianus Romāyā, Yoḥannān  Sābā , George of the Arabs and Jacob of Edessa’, ...
114
Scher, Addai (1867–1915) [Chald.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Scher-Addai
... Beirut , Constantinople, Rome, and Paris seeking funds to aid  his poor diocese where he met a number of Syriac scholars. During World War... ... the Ottoman Turks conspired to kill him, but he initially escaped with the  aid  of Kurds under Badr Khan. His escape resulted in a massacre where many Chri... ... (PO 7:1, 1910), and Theodoros bar  Koni ’s ‘Book of the Scholion’ (CSCO 55, 69, 19... ... Sources  Abūna ,  Adab , 544–50. J.-M. Fiey, ‘L’apport de Mgr Addai Scher (†1915) à l’hagiographie ... ...er (†1915) à l’hagiographie orientale’,  AB  83 (1965), 121–42. Macuch, Geschichte, 402–5. ...
115
Shemʿun the Stylite Simeon the Stylite (ca. 380–459)Contributor: Robert Doran URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Shemun-the-Stylite
...hen spent 10 years in the Monastery of Tell ʿAda  before being asked to leave because of his extreme ... ... 3 years on a nearby summit in a small domed hut before standing in the open air  within a circle of stones. Later, he mounted the first of several increasin... ... from the Persian Empire to Britain, and pilgrims flocked to his pillar from all  levels of society. His novel asceticism of standing on a pillar aroused ... ... from the Persian Empire to Britain, and pilgrims flocked to his pillar from all  levels of society. His novel asceticism of standing on a pillar aroused ... ... from the Persian Empire to Britain, and pilgrims flocked to his pillar from all  levels of society. His novel asceticism of standing on a pillar aroused ... ...itten in Syriac and extant in 3 mss. (ms. Vat. Syr. 160, ed. S. E. Assemani, Acta  ... Sanctorum et Martyrum, vol. II [1748], 230–398; ms. Brit. Libr. Add . 14,484, ed. Bedjan,  AMS , vol. IV, 507–644; Dam. Patr. 12/17) seems to stem from the monastic commun...
116
... in Syriac, from the Greek (technē) rhētorikē. John bar  Aphtonia , founder of the famous ... ...hn, ‘partook of secular wisdom, as not without foresight it ends up with the art  of rhetoric (ummānuthā d-rhiṭruthā)’. Classical rhetoric categorized discourse ... ..., fall within the realm of epideictic: an anonymous speech in praise of John bar  Aphtonia, an oration on Severus of Antioch by... ... Severus of Antioch by Giwargi bp. of the Arab  tribes , and an oration on ... ... . The ‘Book of Dialogues’ of Yaʿqub bar  Shakko is evidence that even as late as the 13... ...riac version was the subject of a commentary by  Bar  ... ʿEbroyo in his ‘Cream of Wisdom’, although Bar  ʿEbroyo also made much use of the Arabic commentary by Avicenna on the old ... ... 41–42 [1992–93], 309–14) M. C.  Lyons, Aristotle’s Ars  rhetorica: The Arabic version (1982). K. E....
117
ʿEnanishoʿ ʿAnanishoʿ (7th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Jeff W. Childers URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Enanisho
...ʿEnanishoʿ settled in the Monastery of Beth ʿAbe  . During his travels he became enamored with Egyptian ... ...ored with Egyptian monasticism and well acquainted with Greek texts. At Beth ʿAbe , he wrote a book on philosophical ‘definitions and divisions’, a lexical to... ... Sources P. Bedjan, Acta  Martyrum et Sanctorum mart...
118
Basil of Caesarea (ca. 330–379)Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Basil-of-Caesarea
... , and (independently) M. Albert, in ARAM  5 (1993), 33–64; and Letter 160, by A. Vööbus, in The Synodicon in the West... ... 179–91. b. 6 letters, one of which, addressed to the Monastery of Tell ʿAda  , has been edited by M. Albert, in After Bardaisan, ed. Reinink and Klugkis... ... , has been edited by M. Albert, in After Bardaisan, ed. Reinink and Klugkist  OLA  89), 11–22. c. A narrative poem, clearly composed in Syriac, on the biblica... ....  Brock, ‘Traduzioni siriache degli scritti di Basilio’, in Basilio tra  Oriente e Occidente, ed. E. Baudry et al. (2001), 165–80. (contains det...
119
Michael II the Younger (d. 1215) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Witold Witakowski URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Michael-II-the-Younger
... Patr. of the Syr. Orth. Church (1199–1215) and nephew of Michael Rabo . (d. 1215) [Syr. Orth.] ... ...he Syr. Orth. Church (1199–1215). Michael was called Younger (Zʿuro) by  Bar  ʿEbroyo in the latter’s Ecclesiastical History, in... ... namesake and uncle Michael Rabo  ( i.e. i.e., ... ...f Gargar, and released under the condition that he would not disturb Michael any  longer ( Bar  ʿEbroyo, Ecclesiastical History, 607). Michael received... longer ( Bar  ʿEbroyo, Ecclesiastical History, 607). Michael received... longer ( Bar  ʿEbroyo, Ecclesiastical History, 607). Michael received... longer ( Bar  ʿEbroyo, Ecclesiastical History, 607). Michael received...
120
John Philoponos (ca. 490 – ca. 575) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/John-Philoponos
... Chalcedon (451) and Constantinople (553) are summarized in Michael Rabo  ’s Chronicle (VIII.13). His work on the Creation of ... ... of Cosmas Indicopleustes, the friend of Patr.  Aba  I . His later theological works are known only in e...
121
Cause of Causes (10th–12th cent.?)Contributor: Alessandro Mengozzi URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Cause-of-Causes
...xegetical works (Yaʿqub of Edessa and Mushe  bar  Kipho ) and motifs and themes of mystical-ascetical literature. ... ...h as the Melk. Theodoros  Abū  Qurra , 9th cent., and the Syr. Orth. ... ... , 9th cent., and the Syr. Orth. Yaḥyā b. ʿAdī  , 10th cent.) and aims at strengthening the faith o... ...n der Erkenntniss der Wahrheit, oder, der Ursache aller Ursachen aus  dem syrischen Grundtext ins Deutsche übersetzt (1893). ... ...dentity and the systematisation of knowledge in the Syriac “Cause of all  causes” ’, in Pre-Modern Encyclopaedic Texts. Proceedings of the ...
122
Dionysios bar Ṣalibi (d. 1171) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Dionysios-bar-Salibi
Dionysios  bar  ... Ṣalibi https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Dionysios bar -Salibi http://syriaca.org/bibl/178 169 ... ...fic Syr. Orth. author. A biography, by Patr. Michael Rabo  , is unfortunately lost. He was probably born in ... ...Of the OT commentaries only those on Psalms 73–82 (ed. S. D. Ryan, Dionysius bar  Salibi’s Factual and Spiritual Commentary on Psalms 73–82 [Cahiers de l... ...That on the Pauline Epistles remains unpublished (for mss., see A. Vööbus in Abr  Nahrain 9 [1969/70], 39–42). The commentary on the Apocalypse preserves som... ...T by H. Labourt (CSCO 13–14; 1903). There is an ET by B. Varghese, Dionysius Bar  Salibi. Commentary on the Eucharist (Kottayam, 1998). Besides the ... ...n the baptismal service and the Myron (ed. with ET by B. Varghese, Dionysius Bar  Salibi. Commentary on Myron and Baptism [Moran Etho 29; 2006]). ... ..., with ET), the Jews (ed. de Zwaan, 1906; text only), and the Muslims (J. P. Amar , CSCO 614–5; 2005) have been published. There are important studies of the ...
123
Loʿozar bar Sobtho Lazarus (early 9th cent.) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Loozar-bar-Sobtho
Loʿozar  bar  ... Sobtho https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Loozar bar -Sobtho http://syriaca.org/bibl/341 332 ... ...ir sister donated several books to the Monastery of Mor Yuḥanon of Qurdis in Dara  (one of these books is the present ms. London, Brit. Libr. Add. 12,151, whi... ...er of Syr. Orth. mss.  Bar  ʿEbroyo , in his Mnorat Qudše (‘Candelabrum ... ... on the one hand or freewill on the other hand. Elsewhere in the same work,  Bar  ʿEbroyo quotes from one of Loʿozar’s letters, while in his ‘Ethicon’ the Ma... ...enure as a bp. Michael Rabo  ... , the chronicler of the year 1234, and Bar  ʿEbroyo, in his ‘Ecclesiastical Chronicle’, report that Loʿozar was deposed... ... P.-H.  Poirier, ‘Les discours sur la Providence de Lazare bar  Sabta’, JTS ...
124
MonasticismContributor: Susan Ashbrook Harvey URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Monasticism
...ss areas apart from urban contexts. Yulyana Saba  (d. 367) was one of the first to establish a commu... ...e Antiquity (2002). S. H.  Griffith, ‘Julian Saba , “Father of the Monks” of Syria’, JECS ...
125
... Christianity subject Armenia, the geographical area  of Armenian Christianity and culture, borders the homeland of Syr. Christia... ... Armenia, the geographical area  of Armenian Christianity and culture, borders the homeland of Syr. Christia... ...dioceses of Arzun, Qardu, Beth Zabdai, Beth Rahimai, and Beth Moksaye, which all  had large Armenian populations and which occasionally show up as dioceses o... ...e Council’s condemnation of Antiochene theology, Armenian Christianity moved away  from the Syriac sphere of influence and increasingly turned to the Greek im... ...he Armenians is found in treatises by Yuḥanon X bar  ... Shushan and Dionysios bar  Ṣalibi . In spite of the theological complexities in th... ...ibis is preserved only in Armenian. Intense contacts on all  levels took place in the period of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. Many Sy... ...ive safety of Cilicia, where the Syr. Orth. had bp. sees in Adana, Anazarba  ʿAyn 
126
Sahdona (Martyrius) (early 7th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Sahdona-Martyrius
...He lived as a monk of the Monastery of Beth ʿAbe  until some time between 635 and 640, when he was made ...
127
Ishoʿyahb III of Adiabene (d. 659) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ishoyahb-III-of-Adiabene
...59), author, and liturgical reformer. He was born in Kuplana (on the Greater Zab , in Adiabene ), the son ... ...downer named Bastomag. He became a monk of the nearby Monastery of Beth ʿAbe  , but was appointed bp. of Nineveh ... ... Consecration of a new church; this attribution is also found in the mss. of all  these, but the emergence of these liturgical books is likely to have been m... ...he life of the Ch. of E. during the period of the transition from Persian to Arab  rule. (The edition by P. Scott-Moncrieff [1904] of Ishoʿyahb’s letters writ... ...imary Sources J.-B.  Chabot, ‘Histoire de Jésus-Sabran, écrite par Jésus yab  d’Adiabène’, Nouvelles archives des missions ...
128
Theodoret of Cyrrhus (393–466)Contributor: Robert A. Kitchen URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Theodoret-of-Cyrrhus
... mitigate the rigor of their asceticism. Theodoret wrote all  his works in classical Greek, but was fluent in Syriac evidenced by his man... ... Syriac (21.15). Noteworthy lives include: Yulyana Saba  (2) — subject of a long memrā attributed to ... ... Yaʿqub of Nisibis (d. 337/8); 2. Yulyana Saba  ... (d. 367); 3. Marcianus of Chalcis (d. 380s); 4. Eusebius of Tell ʿAda  (fl. 350s); 5. Publius of Euphratesia (fl. 350s); 6. Symeon the Elder of An... ... (d. 367); 3. Marcianus of Chalcis (d. 380s); 4. Eusebius of Tell ʿAda  (fl. 350s); 5. Publius of Euphratesia (fl. 350s); 6. Symeon the Elder of An... ... (d. 367); 3. Marcianus of Chalcis (d. 380s); 4. Eusebius of Tell ʿAda  (fl. 350s); 5. Publius of Euphratesia (fl. 350s); 6. Symeon the Elder of An... ...acob of Cyrrhestica; 22. Linneaeus of Cyrrhus; 23. John of Cyrrhus, Moses of Rama , Antonius; 24. Zebinas, Polychronius of Cyrrhus; 25. Asclepius of Cyrrhus, ... ...tory of the Monks’ survive in Syriac translation (Yaʿqub of Nisibis, Yulyana Saba , and Abraham of Ḥarran ), and there ...
129
Ḥenanishoʿ bar Seroshway (probably 2nd half of 9th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Henanisho-bar-Seroshway
Ḥenanishoʿ  bar  ... Seroshway https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Henanisho bar -Seroshway http://syriaca.org/bibl/266 257 ... ...oʿ’s lexicographical work is not preserved, but  Bar  Bahlul , who quotes him frequently, explains in the... ... Ḥunayn ’s work (another major source for Bar  ... Bahlul). ʿAbdishoʿ bar  Brikha , in his Catalogue, attributes to Ḥenanishoʿ ...
130
Khamis bar Qardaḥe [Ch. of E.] (13th cent.?)Contributor: Alessandro Mengozzi URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Khamis-bar-Qardahe
Khamis  bar  ... Qardaḥe https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Khamis bar -Qardahe http://syriaca.org/bibl/327 318 ... ... appears to have been a younger contemporary of  Bar  ʿEbroyo , to whose poem ‘On Divine Wisdom’ (mem... ...ā’) Khamis added a couplet for each distich. Other later poets, as Ishoʿyahb bar  Mqadam and Yawsep II ,... ...is not included in the ‘Catalogue’ of ʿAbdishoʿ bar  Brikha . Only a few specimens of the vast poeti... ...s of twelve-syllable lines) are transmitted together with works by ʿAbdishoʿ bar  Brikha belonging to the same genre, which has a liturgical function compara... ...006], 489–98) Sh. I.  Khadbshaba, Khamis bar  Qardaḥe: Memre w-mušḥātā (2002). ... ...ine”: Drink, desire, and devotion in the Syriac wine songs of Khāmis bar  Qardāḥē’, in The Syriac Renaissance, ...
131
Theodoros bar Wahbun (d. 1193) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Hubert Kaufhold URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Theodoros-bar-Wahbun
Theodoros  bar  ... Wahbun https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Theodoros bar -Wahbun http://syriaca.org/bibl/556 547 ... ....] Author and counter-patriarch. He was the son of priest Sahdo bar  Wahbun in Melitene ... ...cretary of Patr. Michael  Rabo  in the Dayro d-Mor ... ... direction, and subsequently imprisoned in the Monastery of Barṣawmo. He was able  to escape and made it to Jerusalem , where ... ... Kirchengeschichte des 12. Jahrhunderts. Neue Quellen über Theodoros bar  Wahbūn’, OC 74 (1990), 115–51... ...k, Literatur, 300–1. M.  Tamcke, in  BBK  , vol. 11 (1996), 918–9. ...
132
EdessaContributor: Amir Harrak URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Edessa
... enjoyed independence, being ruled by local kings (most of whom were named  Abgar  or Maʿnu) until AD 213 when it turned into a Roman colony (see Abgarids). Christianity spread out i... ...ids). Christianity spread out in Mesopotamia probably through Edessa, and in any  case, its Aramaic dialect attested in inscriptions, deeds of sales, and coi... ... Marcion , and Mani , all  contending with Roman ecclesiastical orthodoxy championed by Ephrem (d. 373... ... (d. 435), an archenemy of Nestorianism, and  Hiba  (d. 457) who, while teaching at the School of ... ...eologians from Greek into Syriac. After succeeding Rabbula as bp. of Edessa, Hiba  eventually anathematized both Nestorius ... ... in 1144. The Chronicle of Michael Rabo  contains a dramatic report of the massacres that a... ... over it was composed by Dionysios  Bar  Ṣalibi bp. of Amid ... ...city once and for all  in 1924, heading to Aleppo where they ...
133
Yaʿqub bar Shakko Severos bar Shakko (d. 1241) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yaqub-bar-Shakko
Yaʿqub  bar  ... Shakko https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yaqub bar -Shakko http://syriaca.org/bibl/589 580 ... ...http://syriaca.org/bibl/589 580 Severos bar  Shakko http://syriaca.org/person/231 person ... ... Dayro d-Mor Matay and learned author. Severos bar  Shakko (d. 1241) [Syr. Orth.] Bp. of ... ... baptismal name was probably Yaʿqub. He studied grammar under Yoḥannan bar  Zoʿbi in the famous E.-Syr. monastery of Beth Qoqe ... ... Primary Sources G.  Furlani, ‘La Logica nei Dialoghi di Severos bar  Shakko’, Atti del Reale Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed ... ...I, On grammar) J.  Ruska, Das Quadrivium aus  Severus  Bar  Shakku’s Dialoge (Ph.D. diss, Leipzig; 1896). (Book of ...
134
Yuḥanon XIV bar Shayullāh Gregorios Yuḥanon (ca. 1705[?]–1783) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yuhanon-XIV-bar-Shayullah
Yuḥanon XIV  bar  ... Shayullāh https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yuhanon-XIV bar -Shayullah http://syriaca.org/bibl/615 606 ... ...] Translator, scribe, minor writer, and bp. He was born Yuḥanon bar  Shuqayr in Aleppo ... ...is literary works include: 1. A translation of the Chronicle of Michael Rabo  into Arabic in 1759, based on two Syr. mss.; 2. He...
135
Yuḥanon X, Ishoʿ bar Shushan Yūḥannā Yūšaʿ b. Šūšān (d. 1072 or 1073) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yuhanon-X-Isho-bar-Shushan
Yuḥanon X, Ishoʿ  bar  ... Shushan https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yuhanon-X-Isho bar -Shushan http://syriaca.org/bibl/614 605 ... ... http://syriaca.org/bibl/614 605 Ishoʿ bar  Shushan Yuḥanon X Yūḥannā Yūšaʿ b. Šūšān http://syriaca.org... ...Our main sources for Yuḥanon’s life are Michael Rabo  (XV.1; ed. Chabot, 573–5 and 579 [Syr.]; vol.  3, ... ... 579 [Syr.]; vol.  3, 162–4 and 170–2 [FT]) and  Bar  ʿEbroyo (Ecclesiastical History, ed. Abbeloos ... ...Abbeloos and Lamy, vol. 1, 435–48). According to Michael Rabo , Yuḥanon was a very prolific writer, who ‘filled the universe with his lett... ...is letters and volumes’ (XV.3: ed. Chabot, 579 [Syr.]; vol. 3, 171 [FT]; cf. Bar  ʿEbroyo, vol. 1, 447). He specifically mentions his work on ...
136
Amid Amida, Diyarbakır, OmidContributor: Hidemi Takahashi URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Amid
...nded by massive black basalt walls, which later gave it the nickname ‘Black  kara ) Amid’, Amid was by the 4th cent. a key point in Rome’s defence of her east... ...sians in 363. It was taken by the Persians in 359, 503, and 606/7. After the Arab  conquest in 639, it was ruled by a series of dynasties including the Kurdis... ...opotamia to attend the councils, respectively, of Ephesus and Chalcedon. The area  around Amid was an important center of monasticism with five monasteries wi... ...od after the Council of Chalcedon, Amid was a Miaphysite stronghold, and Bp. Mara  of Amid was one of those bps. expelled from their sees under Emperor Justin... ...period of persecution for the Miaphysites under the Chalcedonian Bp. Abraham bar  Kaili, a line of Miaphysite bishops was reestablished with the consecration... ...he later occupants of the see was Dionysios  bar  Ṣalibi . Amid has been the seat of the Syr. Orth. patriarchs on ... ...ene , during the tenure of Ignatius ʿAbdullāh I bar  Sṭephanos (1521– 1557), and in 1862–71 when Ignati... ... . The Syr. Orth. see of Amid lapsed with the demise of Metr. Dionysios ʿAbd  al-Nūr Aslan in 1933. The presence of E.-Syr. Christian...
137
Daniel bar Maryam (7th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Daniel-bar-Maryam
Daniel  bar  ... Maryam https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Daniel bar -Maryam http://syriaca.org/bibl/160 151 ... ... 7th-cent. historians whose works have not been preserved, Eliya of Merv and Bar  Sahde). Daniel’s Ecclesiastical History is mentioned by ... ...cclesiastical History is mentioned by ʿAbdishoʿ bar  Brikha , along with a work dealing with chronol... ... work dealing with chronology (which is not otherwise known). Perhaps Daniel bar  ... Maryam is the same person as Daniel bar  Ṭubanitha . Sources ... ... Sources E.  Degen, ‘Daniel bar  Maryam. Ein nestorianischer Kirchenhistoriker’, ... ... 45–80. eadem, ‘Die Kirchengeschichte des Daniel bar  Maryam — eine Quelle der Chronik von Seʿert?’ ...
138
Daniel bar Ṭubanitha (7th cent.?) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Daniel-bar-Tubanitha
Daniel  bar  ... Ṭubanitha https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Daniel bar -Tubanitha http://syriaca.org/bibl/161 152 ... ...Garmai ). ʿAbdishoʿ bar  Brikha attributes several works to him: a ‘Boo... ...shortly after, the time of Isḥaq, possibly in the 7th cent. Moreover, Daniel bar  Ṭubanitha, with his full name, is mentioned a number of times in the later ... ... work is ever provided. The question arises whether Daniel bar  Ṭubanitha might be the same person as Dani... ...ubanitha might be the same person as Daniel bar  Maryam — Ṭubanitha ‘the blessed one’ ... ... et d’histoire ancienne 4 (1896), 252–57, esp. 257. E.  Degen, ‘Daniel bar  Maryam. Ein nestorianischer Kirchenhistoriker’, ...
139
Ḥazqiel I (d. 580/1) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Hazqiel-I
...deposed Cath. Yawsep . ʿAmr  ... lists Ḥazqiel among the disciples of  Aba   I (Labourt 169, note 3). An important synod was h...
140
Nonos of Nisibis Nonnus (d. after 861) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Michael Philip Penn URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Nonos-of-Nisibis
...ur incidents. The most celebrated is Nonos’s disputation with Theodoros Abū  Qurra . Ca. 815 Nonos’s relative  Abū  Rāʾiṭa, the Miaphysite Bp. of Tagrit ... ... the court of the Armenian prince Ashot Msaker to debate against the Melkite Abū  Qurra. Later chronicles often attribute Armenia’s continuing support of the... ...inally composed his commentary in Arabic. The Syriac ms. London, Brit. Libr. Add . 14,594 which Mushe of Nisibis ... ... international d’études arabes chrétiennes, ed. K.  Samir  OCA  218; 1982), 123–33. Kh. H.  Crakhean, Commentary of the Gospel of ... ... S. H.  Griffith, ‘The apologetic treatise of Nonnus of Nisibis’,  ARAM  3 (1991), 115–38. H. G. B.  Teule, ‘Nonnus of Nisibis’, in Christian-Muslim...
141
Dionysios of Tel Maḥre (d. 845) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Witold Witakowski URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Dionysios-of-Tel-Mahre
...s came from the village of Tel Maḥre. He was a monk in the monastery of John bar  Aphtonia at Qenneshre , but after its destruct... ...her monastery and eventually to the Monastery of Mar Yaʿqub at Kayshum. On 1 Aug . 818 at the synod in Kallinikos, on the suggestion of ... ...t to Egypt to meet Emir ʿAbdallāh, from whom he received an edict commanding any  further destruction of churches to stop and to rebuild the ones that had be... ...Dionysios ordained 99 bishops (Michael, 754–55 / III, 453–55). He died on 22 Aug . 845 and was buried in his former monastery of Qenneshre. ... ... books. Dedicated to Iwannis of  Dara  , it covered the period of over two and a half centuries, from ... ...ne emperor Maurice (582) until the death of Emperor Theophilos and of Caliph Abū  Isḥāq al-Muʿtaṣim (842) (Michael, Chronicle, 544 / III, 111). It has not be... ...onicle of 1234 and the Chronicle of Michael Rabo  . Dionysios’s sources are not directly known, but the a... ... A.  Abouna, Anonymi auctoris Chronicon ad  A.C . 1234 pertinens (CSCO 354; 1974), 198–206. R.  Abramowski, Dionysius vo...
142
... place A small town located between the Tigris and the Upper Zab  rivers, some 15 km. southeast of Mosul. ... ... A small town located between the Tigris and the Upper Zab , some 15 km. southeast of Mosul ... ... Mongols, as mentioned in the Ecclesiastical History of  Bar  ʿEbroyo . At that time, Karamlish was inhabited...
143
Ḥenanishoʿ I (d. 699/700) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Henanisho-I
... Nisibis , who had the support of Caliph ʿAbd  al-Malik. Only partly recovered from ill-treatment (whence he was called ḥg... ...riarch for only a brief period (less than two years), but Ḥenanishoʿ was not able  to fully resume his position, and the patriarchal throne remained vacant fo... ... , has not been preserved in direct transmission. Reinink, however, has been able  to identify several extracts from it in the following sources: 1. ms. Vat. ... ... exegesis with that of his younger contemporary  Aba  II of Kashkar (d. 751). Th... ... (d. 751). The several other works that are attributed to Ḥenanishoʿ by either ʿAmr  ... b. Mattā or ʿAbdishoʿ bar  Brikha give some impression of his multifacete...
144
Dadishoʿ Qaṭraya (late 7th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Dadisho-Qatraya
...rvives), Arabic, and Ethiopic. There is also a fragment of his Commentary on Abba  Isaiah in Sogdian. ... ...s cincos tratados sobre la quietud (shelya) de Dadishoʿ Qatraya  Aula  Orientalis Supplement 18; 2001). (Syr.) ... ... L.  Abramowski, ‘Dadisho Qatraya and his Commentary on the Book of  Abbas  Isaiah’, Harp 4 (1991), 67–83. R. A.  K... ... 67–83. R. A.  Kitchen, ‘Dadisho Qatraya’s Commenatry on Abba  Isaiah: the Apophthegmata Patrum connection’, ... ...n the Paradise of the Fathers’,  AB  112 (1994), 33–64. ...
145
Proba Probus (probably 6th cent.)Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Proba
... writings on logic. The juxtaposition of Proba with  Hiba  and Komi in the ‘Catalogue’ of ... ...and, a date close to that of Giwargi bp. of the Arab  tribes (thus Suermann) is likely to be too late, a... ...Suermann (1994) this work, unlike the others, can be dated to a time between Hiba  and Sergios of ...
146
Ishoʿdnaḥ (9th cent.) [Ch. of E]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ishodnah
...r Yawnan, founder of a famous monastery near al Anbār  . Several further works by him, including an Eccles... ... P.  Cheikho, al-Duyūra fī mamlakatay al-furs wal ʿarab  (1939). (AT) Secondar...
147
Yeshuʿ bar Khayrun (1275–1335) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Hubert Kaufhold URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yeshu-bar-Khayrun
Yeshuʿ  bar  ... Khayrun https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yeshu bar -Khayrun http://syriaca.org/bibl/601 592 ... ... ) as the son of the teacher and priest Ṣlibo, son of the priest Isḥoq bar  Khayrun. In 1299 he became monk in a monastery dedicated to Mary in the ... ... he lived with his father in the Monastery of the Water-Drop (Dayro d-Noṭpho; Arab . Dayr al-Nāṭif or al-Qaṭra), which looks down on ... ...deacons, and a commentary to the Lexicon of  Bar  Bahlul . According to the 15th-cent. author Da... ... Barsoum, Scattered pearls, 489–91. Graf, GCAL, vol. 2, 281. (‘Yašūʿ ibn  Ğabrūn’ should be read: Khayrūn). H.  Kaufhold,... ...Über zwei westsyrische Schriftsteller des 14. Jahrhunderts: Ješūʿ (Īšōʿ) bar  Ḫairūn und sein Vater Ṣlīḇō’, in Syrisches Christentum weltweit. Studien zur syrischen ... ... M.  Tamcke, W. Schwaigert, and E. Schlarb (1995), 116–26. A.  Vööbus, ‘Īšō bar  Kirūn. A supplement to the history of Syriac literature’, ...
148
Yoḥannan bar Sarapion Yūḥannā b. Sarābiyūn (8th/9th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yohannan-bar-Sarapion
Yoḥannan  bar  ... Sarapion https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yohannan bar -Sarapion http://syriaca.org/bibl/606 597 ... ...(though a few short quotations are preserved in  Bar  Bahlul ’s ‘Lexicon’). Both works were translated in... ... Sources P. E.  Pormann, ‘Yūḥannā ibn  Sarābiyūn: Further Studies into the Transmission of his Works’, Arabic ... ... syriaque au latin par l’intermédiaire de l’arabe: le Kunnash de Yuḥanna ibn  Sarabiyun’, Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 4 (1994), 267–78. ... ... and Philosophy 4 (1994), 267–78. M.  Ullmann, ‘Yuḥanna ibn  Sarabiyun: Untersuchungen zur Überlieferungsgeschichte seiner Werke’, ...
149
Yuḥanon bar Maʿdani (d. 1263) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Herman G. B. Teule URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yuhanon-bar-Madani
Yuḥanon  bar  ... Maʿdani https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yuhanon bar -Madani http://syriaca.org/bibl/616 607 ... ... (d. 1263) [Syr. Orth.] Aaron bar  Maʿdani received the name of Yuḥanon when he became Metropolitan of ... ... patr. he was not recognized by all  ... bishops, some of whom had sworn allegiance to bar  Maʿdani’s rival, Dionysios Angur, ordained a few months earlier. Only after... ...is death in 1263 in the monastery of Baksimeṭ (Cilicia).  Bar  Maʿdani is a typical representative of the Syriac Renaissance. He studi... ...hdad and, according to  Bar  ʿEbroyo , he acquired great proficiency in the lite... ...bolically designated as Poraḥto ‘Bird’, inspired by the imagery and style of Ibn  Sīnā’s ‘Recital On the Bird’ and his ‘Ode On the Soul’; on the way of the P...
150
Ishoʿyahb bar Malkon Īshūʿyāb, Yashūʿyāb b. Malkūn (late 12th – early 13th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ishoyahb-bar-Malkon
Ishoʿyahb  bar  ... Malkon https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ishoyahb bar -Malkon http://syriaca.org/bibl/300 291 ... ... Eliya of Nisibis and Yoḥannan bar  ... Zoʿbi (e.g., ms. Brit. Libr. Add . 25,876: Wright, Catalogue, vol. 3, 1175a–1179a). A further grammatical wor... ...her grammatical work on Syriac, ‘Elucidation in Syriac grammar’ (Manhrānuthā ba -grammaṭiqi suryāytā) is in two columns, Syr. and Arabic (e.g., ms. Paris, 3... ... orientale, 105–7. H.  Teule, ‘A theological treatise by Išoʿyahb bar  Malkon preserved in the theological compendium Asfār al-Asrār’, ... ... H.  Teule idem , ‘Išoʿyahb bar  Malkon’s treatise on the veneration of the holy icons’, in Christians a...
151
Maximus (d. 662)Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Maximus
...Qenneshre, preserved in two Chronicles ( Michael Rabo  , XI.9, and the Chronicle of ... ... and Byzantine Texts presented to J. Noret, ed. B.  Janssens et al.  OLA  137; 2004), 11–43. S. P.  Brock, ‘An early Syri... ... S. P.  Brock, ‘An early Syriac Life of Maximus the Confessor’,  AB  91 (1973), 299–346. (repr. in Syriac Perspectives on Late Antiquity [1...
152
Sawma, Abrohom (1913–1996) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Sawma-Abrohom
...967–1990). He also wrote Mtumoyuto d-suryoye (São Paulo, 1996) and a play on Abgar  V Ukkama in Arabic. Sources ... ... Sources  Abūna ,  Adab  ..., 576. Macuch, Geschichte, 470. Munūfar Barṣūm, Aḍwāʾ , 129–31. ...
153
Gannat Bussāme (between the 10th and beginning of the 13th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Gerrit J. Reinink URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Gannat-Bussame
... Firstly, the exegetical prose homilies written by  Aba  II of Kashkar (7th–8th cent.), of which many f... ... in the Gannat Bussāme, containing the exegesis of passages from Gen., Num., Isa ., and the four Gospels. Secondly, the commentaries of Ṣliba Zkha ... ... the commentaries of Ṣliba Zkha Ṣharbokht  bar  Msargis , an author who is not known in the Syriac tradition ...
154
Ignatius Yaʿqub III (1912–1980) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ignatius-Yaqub-III
...f Tuma Gabriel Mari and Shmuni Isḥaq Mtuka, and was given the baptismal name Shābā ʿAbd  al- Aḥad  al- ʿAbd  al- Aḥad ). He attended the seminary at Dayro d-Mor ... ...e Mimre mgabayo (Aleppo, 1959). His other works,  all  in Arabic, include a history of the church (2 vols.; 1953 and 1957), a hist... ... Sources  Abūna ,  Adab , 570–2. Macuch, Geschichte, 453–5. Munūfar Barṣūm, ...
155
Dinno, Niʿmatullāh (1885–1951) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Khalid Dinno URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Dinno-Nimatullah
...eform-minded educator. He was born in Mosul to ʿAbd  ... al-Karīm Dinno and grew up at a time when his Church was at the low ebb , having emerged from nearly a half cent. of Catholic conversion. He also ... ... al-Karīm Dinno and grew up at a time when his Church was at the low ebb , having emerged from nearly a half cent. of Catholic conversion. He also ... ...erment of the Church that he so deeply loved to meet the challenges of a new era . Part of this legacy was several unfinished literary works, which Patr. Zak... ... Sources  Abūna ,  Adab , 560–2. Lisan al-Mashriq, Mosul 3 (1951), ... ... 353–60. Macuch, Geschichte, 440–1. Munūfar Barṣūm, Aḍwāʾ , 39–43. Patriarchal Magazine, Damascus 2 (1982...
156
Awgen, Mar (fl. 4th – early 5th cent.)Contributor: Edward G. Mathews, Jr. URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Awgen-Mar
... al-Zaʿfarān ). Mar Awgen is held in the highest esteem in all  the eastern churches with Syriac roots. Scholars have n... ... Sources P. Bedjan, Acta  Martyrum et Sanctorum, vol. 3 (1890–97), 376–480. ... ...asteté (1896). S. Chialà, Abramo di Kashkar e la sua  comunità (2005), 13–20. J.-M.  Fiey, ‘Aônês... ...13–20. J.-M.  Fiey, ‘Aônês, Awun et Awgin’,  AB  80 (1962), 52–81. ...
157
Salmān, Ḥanna (1914–1981) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Salman-Hanna
... Sources  Abūna ,  Adab , 573–74. Munūfar Barṣūm,  Aḍwāʾ , 79–81. ...
158
Yuḥanon Qashisho (1918–2001) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yuhanon-Qashisho
... Sources  Abūna ,  Adab , 577. Munūfar Barṣūm,  Aḍwāʾ , 142–4. ...
159
Nuro, Abrohom (1923–2009) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Nuro-Abrohom
... Sources  Abūna ,  Adab , 578. Munūfar Barṣūm,  Aḍwāʾ , 147–50. ...
160
Bar ʿEdta, Rabban (d. 611 or 621) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Bar-Edta-Rabban
 Bar  ... ʿEdta, Rabban https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Bar -Edta-Rabban http://syriaca.org/bibl/84 75 ... ... http://syriaca.org/bibl/84 75 Rabban Bar  ʿEdta http://syriaca.org/person/366 person ... ... Abraham of Kashkar ; monastic leader. Bar  ʿEdta is credited with the foundation of an important monastery, probably i... ...r the river Khāzir. This monastery is said to have had as many as 400 monks. Bar  ʿEdta’s life is known primarily through a metrical composition by Abraham Z... ...an Bp. ʿAbdishoʿ (who might have been ʿAbdishoʿ bar  Bahrīz , even though it cannot be ruled out tha... ...th-cent. namesake). Abraham mentions as his main source a prose narrative by Bar  ʿEdta’s disciple Yoḥannan the Persian.  Bar  ʿEdta also features prominently in Ishoʿdnaḥ ...
161
Ishoʿ bar Nun (d. 828) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Isho-bar-Nun
Ishoʿ  bar  ... Nun https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Isho bar -Nun http://syriaca.org/bibl/289 280 ... ... Cath. (823–28), author of commentaries on the entire Bible. Ishoʿ bar  Nun was born in the village of Beth Gabbare on the Tigris, near ... ... , around 745. He studied with Abraham bar  Dashandad and, possibly after a short period o... ...braham of Kashkar ), where he also taught. Ishoʿ bar  Nun later moved to Baghdad ... ...ny different sources provide at times conflicting information. In 823, Ishoʿ bar  Nun was elected ... ... whom he is said to have had a difficult relationship. He died in 828. Ishoʿ bar  Nun should in  all  likelihood be distinguished from his namesake and contemporary who was bp. ...
162
Yoḥannan bar Abgare Yoḥannan bar Ḥegire; Yūḥannā b. al-Aʿraj (d. 905) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Hubert Kaufhold URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yohannan-bar-Abgare
Yoḥannan  bar  ... Abgare https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yohannan bar -Abgare http://syriaca.org/bibl/604 595 ... ...ttp://syriaca.org/bibl/604 595 Yoḥannan bar  Ḥegire Yūḥannā b. al-Aʿraj http://syriaca.org/person/820 ... ...os, author of canons and legal works. Yoḥannan bar  Ḥegire; Yūḥannā b. al-Aʿraj (d. 905) [Ch. of E.] ... ... convened in October 900 are quoted in the Nomocanon of ʿAbdishoʿ bar  Brikha . The rest of the canons are preserved i... ...slamischen Recht. Das dem nestorianischen Katholikos Johannes V. bar  Aḇgārē zugeschriebene Rechtsbuch (1971). ...
163
... Yaʿqub ʿAwad  1705 – 1733 ... ... Shemʿun ʿAwad  of Hasrun 1743 – 17...
164
Ayyub, Barsoum (1932–1998)Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ayyub-Barsoum
... Sources  Abūna ,  Adab  ..., 580–1. Macuch, Geschichte, 464. Munūfar Barṣūm, Aḍwāʾ , 175–7. ...
165
Dabbūs, Antoine (1916–1983) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Dabbus-Antoine
... . He was the principal of the ʿĀmūda school, taught in Raʾs al ʿAyn , and co-founded a school in his village. He wrote for a... ...f poems. He translated from Arabic Muʾayyid al-Dīn al-Ṭaghraʾī’s Lāmiyyat al ʿajam  (published in Munūfar Barṣūm), a short poem by Rabindranath Tagore (1861–19... ... Sources  Abūna ,  Adab  ..., 574. Macuch, Geschichte, 456. Munūfar Barṣūm, Aḍwāʾ , 93–8. ...
166
Aydin, Nuʿmān (1908–2001) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Aydin-Numan
...riarchal Vicar of Ṭur ʿAbdin from 1973 to 1980. In 1987 he immigrated to the USA  and settled in NJ. He was a masterful scribe. He was th... ... Sources  Abūna ,  Adab  ..., 575–6. Macuch, Geschichte, 469. Munūfar Barṣūm, Aḍwāʾ , 118–21. ...
167
Gabriel, Fawlos (1912–1971) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Mor Polycarpus Augin Aydin George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Gabriel-Fawlos
...in Kharput, he joined the Taw Mim Simkath orphanage in Adana at an early age . After World War I, he lived in Beirut ... ... Sources  Abūna ,  Adab  ..., 573. Macuch, Geschichte, 455. Munūfar Barṣūm, Aḍwāʾ , 67–70. ...
168
Khoury, Asmar (1916–200?) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Khoury-Asmar
... Sources  Abūna ,  Adab  ..., 577. Macuch, Geschichte, 470. Munūfar Barṣūm, Aḍwāʾ , 132–4. ...
169
Samuel, Athanasios Yeshuʿ (1907–1995) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Samuel-Athanasios-Yeshu
... Nisibis in 1907, and lost his father at an early age . His mother took him to the Monastery of St. Mark ... ... consecrated bp. of Jerusalem. In 1947 he purchased from Arab  bedouins through Iskandar Shahin (Kando), a Syriac antiquity dealer from Be... ...Iskandar Shahin (Kando), a Syriac antiquity dealer from Bethlehem, four Dead Sea  Scrolls, later to be known as the St. Mark’s Scrolls. In 1948, he traveled ... ... Sources  Abūna ,  Adab , 575. M.  Burrows, The Dead  Sea  Scrolls of St. Mark’s Monastery (1950). G. ... ... G. A.  Kiraz, Anton Kiraz’s archive on the Dead  Sea  Scrolls (2005). Munūfar Barṣūm,  Aḍwāʾ , 115. A. Y.  Samuel, Treasure of Qumran: My story of ...
170
Konat, Matta (1860–1927) [Syr. Orth. (Malankara)]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Konat-Matta
... Sources  Abūna ,  Adab , 542–3. Barsoum, Scattered pearls, 522–3. Macuch, G... ...s, 522–3. Macuch, Geschichte, 481–2. Munūfar Barṣūm, Aḍwāʾ , 17–20 ...
171
Fāʾiq, Naʿʿūm Naoum Elias Palak ( ( ca. 1868–1930) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Faiq-Naum
... Syriac, Garshuni Arabic, and mostly Garshuni Turkish. He immigrated to the  USA  in 1912 where he lived in NJ. There, he established the newspaper Beth Nahrin (1916–21), and later ... ... Sources  Abūna ,  Adab , 546–9. Barsoum, Scattered pearls, 523. M. F. Juqqī... ...s, 1937). Macuch, Geschichte, 432–3. Munūfar Barṣūm, Aḍwāʾ , 39–43. ...
172
Mūsā al-Ḥabashī, Dayr Mār [formerly Syr. Orth., now Syr. Catholic]Contributor: Erica Cruikshank Dodd URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Musa-al-Habashi-Dayr-Mar
...of Moses the Ethiopian, perched on top of a steep, rocky promontory south of Nabk . [formerly Syr. Orth., now Syr. Catholic] ... ...that juts out of a deep gully between two cliffs in the high region south of Nabk . The earliest historical reference to the monastery is in a hand-written no... ...nt. it was the seat of a bishopric that later fell under the jurisdiction of Ḥama  and Mardin , and then ... ... four stories down; but when discovered again in 1981, the lower floors had  all  caved in and the upper terrace had only one room that sheltered sheep. At t... ... Christian and Muslim. For as long as the inhabitants of Nabk  can remember, the monastery has been known as Mār Mūsā al-Ḥabashī (St. Mose... ...ry by Bp. Eliya in 1817 and is now preserved in the Church of the Virgin, in Nabk . The Syr. Orth. Christians of  Nabk  celebrate the feast of Moses the Ethiopian on 28  Aug . In the Greek Church his feast day is 18 June. The vari...
173
Çiçek, Julius Yeshu (1941–2005) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Cicek-Julius-Yeshu
...Mar Awgen in Switzerland and Mar Yaʿqub in Germany (Warburg). He established Bar  Hebraeus Verlag where he edited and published many books scribed in his own... ... Sources  Abūna ,  Adab , 582. S. P.  Brock, ‘Mor Yulius Yeshu Çiçek (1942–2005): Syrian Orthodox ... ...Yeshu Çiçek: an appreciation’,Qolo Suryoyo 147 (2005), 41–5. Munūfar Barṣūm, Aḍwāʾ , 187–8. G.   Rabo , ‘In memoriam Mor Julius Yeshu Çiçek’,Qolo Suryoyo 147 (2005), 2–26. (with his ...
174
... Sources P.  Bedjan, Acta  Martyrum et Sanctorum Syriace, vol. 2 (1891), 507–35. ... ...ion de l’histoire de Karka d’Bét Slôh’,  AB  82 (1964), 189–220. ...
175
Dawid bar Pawlos (8th/9th cent.) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Dawid-bar-Pawlos
Dawid  bar  ... Pawlos https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Dawid bar -Pawlos http://syriaca.org/bibl/167 158 ... ...he alphabet (ed. Gottheil), a commentary on Genesis 10 (in ms. British Libr. Add . 14,620; incomplete) and a dialogue with a Melkite on the Trisagion (excerp... ... ) F. H.  Dolapönu (Dolabani), Egroteh d-Dawid bar  Pawlos d-metidaʿ d-Bet Rabban (1953). R.  G... ...y a philosopher’, with ET) R.  Gottheil, ‘Dawidh bar  Paulos, a Syriac grammarian’, JAOS 15... ... idem , ‘A midrashic poem on the alphabet, attributed to David bar  Paul’, ZA ... ... ZA 8 (1893), 86–99.  ʿAbd  al-Masīḥ Nuʿmān d-Qarahbash, Esrin wa-tren mimrin d-ḥekmto d-simin ... ...ān d-Qarahbash, Esrin wa-tren mimrin d-ḥekmto d-simin l-mor(y) David bar  Pawlos d-Bet Rabban (837†) (1980). (previously published in E. J. M...
176
Theodore of Mopsuestia (ca. 350–428)Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Theodore-of-Mopsuestia
...ilitated when at the Council of Chalcedon (451)  Hiba  ’s letter to Mari the Persian was read, which spoke... ...n a great number of E.-Syr. writings, while he is a much quoted authority in all  E.-Syr. biblical commentaries, often introduced with the simple term mpaššq... ...ation du livre de la Genèse. Fragments de la version syriaque (B. M. Add . 17,189, fol. 17–21)’, LM ... ... W. Strothmann idem , Syrische Katenen aus  dem Ecclesiastes-Kommentar des Theodor von Mopsuestia (GOF ... .... F.  Macomber, ‘The Christology of the Synod of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, A.D . 486’, OCP 24 ...
177
Beth Garmai Bā-jarmāContributor: Amir Harrak URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Beth-Garmai
... http://syriaca.org/bibl/108 99   -jarmā http://syriaca.org/place/33 place ... ... place An ecclesiastical province confined between the Lower Zab  northward, the Tigris westward, the Diyālā rive... ...ns of Ḥimrīn eastward.    ...-jarmā An ecclesiastical province confined between the Lower Zab  northward, the Tigris westward, the Diyālā river southward, and the mountai... ... 3rd cent., if not earlier, having its center possibly at Shahr-gird, but in any  case it was made so at the synod of 410. The earliest three bishops of Kark...
178
...mmatical tradition was codified by the polymath  Bar  ʿEbroyo (d. 1286), who wrote both a small metrical... ... most well-known of which are the Syriac-Arabic dictionaries of  Bar   ʿAli   ʿAli  ... (second half of the 9th cent.) and of  Bar  Bahlul (fl. 10th cent.). T...
179
Reshʿayna TheodosiopolisContributor: Hidemi Takahashi Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Reshayna
...er, the Syrian part now bearing the name Raʾs al ʿAyn  and the Turkish part Ceylanpınar (earlier Resülayn). ... ... the Turkish-Syrian border, the Syrian part now bearing the name Raʾs al ʿAyn  and the Turkish part Ceylanpınar (earlier Resülayn). Its Syriac and Arabic ... ...ing ‘spring-head’ in both cases, refer to the large number of springs in the area , from which the Khabur draws much of its water. The biblical city of Resen ... ...nificance in the modern period, so that the present-day twin city of Raʾs al ʿAyn -Ceylanpınar is largely a modern foundation created in the late 19th cent. ... ... Chronicle of Michael I  Rabo  . In the 11th and early 12th cent. the see of Reshʿayna is ... ... . Among the E.-Syr. authors mentioned by ʿAbdishoʿ bar  Brikha are Daniel of Reshʿayna (ca. 550) (Asse... ...mes: 1. Speqlis/ʾEspeqlis, i.e., ‘Specula’ or ‘Watchtower’ (mss. Brit. Libr. Add . 14,430 and 12,135[I], two Reshʿayna, ‘who never made a blotted taw’; see ... ...ho never made a blotted taw’; see Wright, Catalogue, vol. I, 15b–16b and 24b 26a ; comp. ib...
180
al-Duwayhī, Isṭifān (1630–1704) [Maron.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/al-Duwayhi-Istifan
...atr. (1670–1704) and scholar. He was born on 2 Aug . 1630 in Ahden, and as a boy he was sent (in 1641) to Rome to study at the ... ... 29 (2004), 61–82. M.  Abou  Diwan, ‘La figure patriarcale selon le manuscrit Vat. syr. 215 du patri... ... ParOr 30 (2005), 427–33.  Abūna ,  Adab  ..., 651–3. P.  Chébli [Šiblī], Tarjamat abīnā  al-maghbūṭ Isṭifānūs al-Duwayhī baṭriyark Anṭākiya (1630–1704) ...
181
... Gabriel (1912–1971),  ʿAbd  al-Masīḥ Qarabashī (1903–1983), and ...
182
... The region between the Upper and Lower Zab  rivers, from the Tigris in the west to Mt. Ṣalā... ...al Adiabene, Syriac Ḥadyāb, refers to the region between the Upper and Lower Zab  rivers, from the Tigris in the west to Mt. Ṣalāḥ al-dīn (= Mt. Pirmum) in t... ...uities’, 20.17–94). Christianity spread into this region quite quickly, with Papa  possibly serving as its first metropolitan as of 310. The Synod of 410 held...
183
Yoḥannan bar Penkaye (late 7th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yohannan-bar-Penkaye
Yoḥannan  bar  ... Penkaye https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Yohannan bar -Penkaye http://syriaca.org/bibl/605 596 ... ... and later, a solitary attached to that of Mar Bassima. His main work is the Ktābā  d-reš melle ‘Book of the main events’, a history of the world in 15 Books, ... ... Primary Sources M.  Albert, ‘Une Centurie de Mar Jean bar  Penkaye’, in Mélanges A. Guillaumont (Cahiers d’Orientalisme 20; 19... ... Secondary Sources P.  Bruns, ‘Von Eva  und  Adam  ... bis Mohammed. Beobachtungen zur syrischen Chronik des Johannes bar  ... bis Mohammed. Beobachtungen zur syrischen Chronik des Johannes Adam 
184
Sabrishoʿ bar Pawlos Sabrishoʿ of Mosul (late 12th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Sabrisho-bar-Pawlos
Sabrishoʿ  bar  ... Pawlos https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Sabrisho bar -Pawlos http://syriaca.org/bibl/470 461 ... ...t.) [Ch. of E.] Author of a hymn for Mid-Lent, preserved in the Ktābā  d-Wardā (see Gewargis ... ... for this second Sabrishoʿ. Regardless of what his relationship to Sabrishoʿ bar  Pawlos is, no further information on Sabrishoʿ d-Pawlos is available. ... ...s is available. Finally, Scher proposed, albeit only tentatively, that Sabrishoʿ bar  Pawlos is to be identified as the author of an anonymous commentary on the ... ... Cambridge (1901; repr. 2002), vol. 1, 226–27 (‘Warda’ ms.  Add . 1982). ...
185
al-Ḥāqilānī, Ibrāhīm Abraham Echellensis (d. 1664)Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/al-Haqilani-Ibrahim
... translation of the ‘Catalogue of books’ by ʿAbdishoʿ bar  Brikha (1653). He also copied some Syriac mss.... ...cal books), 248 (philosophical texts), 249 (  Bar  ʿEbroyo ’s translation of Avicenna’s introduction t... ...a’s introduction to logic), and 253 (Lexicon of  Bar   ʿAli  ). Sources ...  ʿAli  ). Sources ...  ʿAli  ). Sources ...
186
Braun, Oskar (1862–1931)Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Braun-Oskar
...work for his doctoral dissertation on Mushe bar  Kipho ’s ‘Book of the Soul’, a German translation of ... ... e.g. e.g., on  Papa  , Barṣawma of Nisi... ...2). Chabot primarily based his work on the same Roman mss. as Braun, but was able  to obtain a second late 19th-cent. copy of the Alqosh ms. Even in the light... ... Select publications by Braun Moses bar  Kepha und sein Buch von der Seele (1891). ... ...n†’, Literarische Beilage der Augsburger Postzeitung, No. 34 (26 Aug . 1931). (biography) ...
187
...ations of writings of Philoxenos of Mabbug,  Babai  the Great , Yaʿqub of ... ...ssa , and Dionysios  bar  Ṣalibi . ... ...tate et Incarnatione (CSCO 9–10; 1907).  Babai  Magni , ... ... Libri Septem (CSCO 97; 1932). Dionysii bar  Salibi, Commentarii in Evangelia, Pars Secunda (CSCO 95, 98, 11... ... Beginning of Syriac Studies at The Catholic University of America’, ARAM  5 (1993), 181–96. R. J.  Scollard, ‘Vaschalde, Reverend Arthur Adolphe’...
188
Isaiah of Scetis Abba IsaiahContributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Isaiah-of-Scetis
... http://syriaca.org/bibl/281 272  Abba  Isaiah http://syriaca.org/person/548 person ... ... CPG 5555).  Abba  Isaiah Greek monastic writer of uncertain identity; author of ... ...ossible Isaiah’s are known, Isaiah of Scetis (early 5th cent.) and Isaiah of Gaza  (d. 491). The suggestion (by G. Krüger, in Die sogenannte Kirchengeschichte... ...h of Scetis, while the later form represents the editorial work of Isaiah of Gaza , a friend of Peter the Iberian ... ... CPG 5555–5556. P.  Bettiolo, Abba  Isaia, Mar Efrem. Testi siriaci sulla preghiera (1993). (IT of ... ... 26 (1995), 115–7, 120–4. D. Chitty,  Abba  Isaiah’, JTS ns 22 ... ...versie cristologiche (1980), 286–95. L.  Regnault, ‘Isaïe de Scété ou de Gaza ’, DSpir , vol. 7 (1971), 2083–...
189
ʿAbdishoʿ bar Brikha Ebedjesus (d. 1318) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Jeff W. Childers URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abdisho-bar-Brikha
ʿAbdishoʿ  bar  ... Brikha https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abdisho bar -Brikha http://syriaca.org/bibl/14 5 ... ... Nomocanon, or Collection of Synodical Canons of Mar Abdisho bar  Brikha, Metropolitan of Nisibis and Armenia (1918). ... ... ‘A list of known manuscripts of the Syriac Maqamat of ʿAbdishoʿ bar  Brika’, JAAS ...
190
ʿAbdullāh I bar Sṭephanos (d. 1557) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: George A. Kiraz URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abdullah-I-bar-Stephanos
ʿAbdullāh I  bar  ... Sṭephanos https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abdullah-I bar -Stephanos http://syriaca.org/bibl/16 7 ... ...521–57) and advocate for printing the first Syriac NT. He was born in Qalʿat Mara  probably at the end of the 15th cent. ʿAbdullāh moved the patriarchal see t...
191
Abraham bar Lipeh (7th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abraham-bar-Lipeh
Abraham  bar  ... Lipeh https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abraham bar -Lipeh http://syriaca.org/bibl/22 13 ... ...ng is known of his life. It is presumed that he was some relation of Gabriel bar  Lipeh (better known as Gabriel Qaṭraya ... ... Sources R. H. Connolly, Abrahae bar  Lipeh Interpretatio Officiorum, in his Anonymi auctoris Expositio O...
192
Emmanuel bar Shahhare (d. 980) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Emmanuel-bar-Shahhare
Emmanuel  bar  ... Shahhare https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Emmanuel bar -Shahhare http://syriaca.org/bibl/203 194 ... ... 81 in Macomber’s list) and most likely belongs to him. The second memrā is missing in all  mss. It is only from the third memrā onwards, therefore, that Emmanuel’s ... ...16 to 28, is more theological in nature and focuses on salvation and the New Adam . Excerpts from Emmanuel’s work are quoted in the 15th-cent. Prose Commentar... ....  ten  Napel idem   ‘The textual tradition of Emmanuel bar  Shahhare’s Hexaemeron in the light of the monastic school tradition’, i... ...), 289–95. A. Sana, ‘Ḥilq al-insān li-ʿImmanuʾil bar  Šahāre’, Journal of the Iraqi Academy. Syriac Corporation 11 (1987)... ... Vossel, ‘Quelques remarques en marge du Memra sur le Baptême d’Emmanuel bar  Shahhare’, Questions liturgiques 82 (2001/2), 128–47. (with FT of m...
193
John bar Aphtonia (d. 537) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: Jeff W. Childers URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/John-bar-Aphtonia
John  bar  ... Aphtonia https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/John bar -Aphtonia http://syriaca.org/bibl/311 302 ... ...48 (1967), 111–14. P.  Krüger, ‘Johannes bar  Aphtonaja und die syrische Übersetzung seines Kommentars zum Hohen ... ... The Life of Severus) F.  Nau, ‘Histoire de Jean bar  Aphtonia’, ROC 7 (1902), 97–135. ... ... F.  Nau idem , Vie de Jean bar  Aphtonia (1902). (Syr. with FT) ... ... 3, 435–6. J. W.  Watt, ‘A portrait of John bar  Aphtonia, founder of the Monastery of Qenneshre’, in Portraits of ...
194
Mushe bar Kipho (d. 903) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: James F. Coakley URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Mushe-bar-Kipho
Mushe  bar  ... Kipho https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Mushe bar -Kipho http://syriaca.org/bibl/394 385 ... ... Tagrit on the Tigris), and writer. Almost all  that is known about him comes from a short anonymous biography (in two rece... ... a book against heresies; and a two-part work on Gregory Nazianzen.  Bar  ʿEbroyo mentions a commentary on Aristotle. ... ... Fiey, Saints syriaques, 144. J.  Reller, Mose bar  Kepha und seine Paulinenauslegung (1994). (with comprehensive ...
195
Ṣharbokht bar Msargis (9th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Gerrit J. Reinink URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Sharbokht-bar-Msargis
Ṣharbokht  bar  ... Msargis https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Sharbokht bar -Msargis http://syriaca.org/bibl/504 495 ... ... some significant details of his exegesis make it very likely that Ṣharbokht bar  Msargis may be identified with Ṣahārbūkht b. Māsarjīs, who according to the... ... in Ṣharbokht’s exegesis seems to corroborate the assumption that Ṣharbokht  bar  Msargis and Ṣahārbūkht b. Māsarjīs are, in fact, one and the same person. Ṣ... ...‘De invloed van de antieke geneeskunde op de Bijbelexegese van Seharbokt bar  Mesargis’, in Dwergen op de schouders van reuzen. Studies over de r...
196
Narsai (d. ca. 500) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Narsai
... death of the Dyophysite bp.  Hiba  of Edessa , ... ...and by Emmanuel  bar  Shahhare , for whom Narsai served as a model (and in whose ...
197
Isḥaq of Nineveh (late 7th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ishaq-of-Nineveh
... much of it was translated into Greek at the Chalcedonian Monastery of Mar  Saba  (St. Sabbas), near Jerusalem , in the ... ... 224–225; 1995). (Syr. with ET) I. I.  Ica , Jr. Isaac Sirul. Cuvinte catre singuratici. Partea II rece... ... Syrian (2000). S. P.  Brock, ‘From Qatar to Tokyo, by way of Mar Saba  ...: the translations of Isaac of Beth Qatraye’, ARAM  11/12 (1999/2000), 275–84. ... ... S. P.  Brock idem , ‘Syriac into Greek at Mar Saba : the translation of St Isaac the Syrian’, in The Sabaite Heritage o... ... in The Sabaite Heritage of the Orthodox Church, ed. J. Patrich  OLA  98; 2001), 201–8. ... ... (forthcoming). S.  Chialà, Dall’ascesi eremitica alla  ... misericordia infinita. Ricerche su Isacco di Ninive e la sua  fortuna (2002). P.  Hagman, Underst...
198
MeliteneContributor: Hidemi Takahashi URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Melitene
... Chronicle of Michael I  Rabo  (Chabot, Chronique de Michel le Syrien, vol. 3, 49... ... Domitian, no doubt reflecting the absence of Syr. Orth. Christians in the  area . The list resumes with names of four bishops whose dates are unknown. The f... ...e styled as ‘metroplitans’. Melitene and the surrounding area , lying to the north of areas traditionally inhabited by Syr. Christians, sa... ... Phocas (963–69), who, being unable to entice Chalcedonians to settle in the area , invited the Syr. Orth. Patr. Yuḥanon da-Srigteh (... ...g birth to the most important Syr. Orth. authors from that period, Michael I Rabo ,  Bar  ʿEbroyo , and, probably, ... ...ably, Dionysios  bar  ... Ṣalibi . Of the Patriarchs from the period, Yuḥanon bar 
199
Diamper, Synod of (20–27 June 1599)Contributor: Hidemi Takahashi URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Diamper-Synod-of
...sited (Kanonika 9; 2001). I.  Perczel, ‘Have the flames of Diamper destroyed all  the old manuscripts of the Saint Thomas Christians?’ ... ... 20 (2006), 87–104. J.  Thaliath, The Synod of Diamper  OCA  152; 1958, repr. Bangalore, 1999). J. Thekkedat... ...ch Syromalabaren genannt) (1583–1602)’,  AHC  18 (1986), 334–447. ...
200
Ishoʿ of Merv Ishoʿ Maruzaya, ʿĪsā al-Marwazī (9th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Aaron M. Butts URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Isho-of-Merv
...lished from the preface to the Lexicon of Ishoʿ bar   ʿAli  ... (second half of the 9th cent.). According to Bar  ʿAli’s patron, Abraham, the Lexicon of Ishoʿ of Merv was ‘composed irregula... ... b. Isḥāq (d. 873). Despite this somewhat negative evaluation, Bar   ʿAli  made use of the Lexicon of Ishoʿ of Merv, along with that of Ḥunayn, when c... ... Merv, who is often cited in the Lexicon of Ḥasan Bar  ... Bahlul (mid-10th cent.). Bar  Bahlul, however, never explicitly identifies Zekarya of Merv with Ishoʿ of ... ...identifies Zekarya of Merv with Ishoʿ of Merv. In addition, in one instance,  Bar  Bahlul cites Ishoʿ of Merv by name (Duval, 835.14). Thus, without further e...
201
Arbela ErbilContributor: Edward G. Mathews, Jr. URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Arbela
... Mari (CSCO 602–3; 2003). (Syr. with FT) C. Jullien and F. Jullien, Aux  origines de l’Église de Perse: Les Actes de Mar Mari (CSCO 604; ... ... P.  Peeters, ‘Le passionnaire d’Adiabène’,  AB  43 (1925), 261–304. D. Sourdel, ‘Irbil’, in EI...
202
ApocalypsesContributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Apocalypses
...40 subject Apocalypses, or Revelations, aim  to disclose eschatological events and in order to enhance their authority t... ... Apocalypses, or Revelations, aim  to disclose eschatological events and in order to enhance their authority t... ... a commentary (notably by Dionysios  bar  Ṣalibi ). The Apocalypse of Paul purports to describe w... ...7th cent. gave rise to a number of texts of an apocalyptic nature, this time all  composed in Syriac. The Persian invasion of the eastern provinces of the By... ...ncerning the End’ (ed. H. Schmold, Ph. D. Diss., Hamburg; 1972). The lack of any  indication of contemporary events, prior to ‘the End’, make it difficult to... ...he christianized Alexander legend, has been dated to ca. 640, soon after the Arab  conquests, though it could alternatively come from a few decades later in t... ...on of a number of apocalyptic features in the final book 15 of Yoḥannan bar  Penkaye ’s ‘Book of the Main Points’, written ca. 687 ... ... , very probably dates from 691/2, the time of ʿAbd  al-Malik’s tax reforms and the building of the Dome of the Rock (ed. with G...
203
Furlani, Giuseppe (1885–1962)Contributor: Riccardo Contini URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Furlani-Giuseppe
... commentary to the Organon by Giwargi bp. of the Arab  tribes [1922–43]); the Greek background of phi... ... Yaʿqub of Edessa , Giwargi bp. of the Arab  tribes, Theodoros  bar  ... Koni , Yaʿqub bar  ... Shakko ,  Bar  ʿEbroyo (to whose psychology he devoted a series o...
204
Gregory of Nyssa (ca. 330 – ca. 395)Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Gregory-of-Nyssa
...sbroeck, ‘Versions syriaques du panégyrique de Grégoire le Thaumaturge’, ARAM  5 (1993), 537–53. A.  Meredith, Gregory of Nyssa (1999). ... ...r idem , ‘Pseudo-Gregory of Nyssa’s Homily on Poverty’, ARAM  5 (1993), 401–26. F.  Pericoli Ridolfini, ‘Dedica e sommario del De Opifici...
205
Vööbus, Arthur Võõbus (1909–1988)Contributor: Erwin Buck URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Voobus-Arthur
...y Sources S. P.  Brock, ‘Arthur Vööbus’ contribution to Syriac Studies’, ARAM  1 (1989), 294–99. (with classified bibliography of the 44 most impo... ... monographs and 220 articles) M.  Hollerich, ‘Arthur Vööbus remembered’, ARAM  1 (1989), 290–93. K.  Raudsepp, Arthur Võõbus 1909–1988 ... ... K.-G.  Wesseling, ‘Vööbus (Võõbus), Arthur’, in  BBK  , vol. 27 (Ergänzungen 14; 2007), 1...
206
Sabrishoʿ I (d. 604) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Sabrisho-I
... by three monasteries in the Sinjar region (whose monks are described as “of Bar  ... Qaiti”), and a Letter by Sabrishoʿ to the same monks. The tešboḥtā Abun   dba -šmayyā qaddiš  ba -šmayyā qaddiš  dba -šmayyā qaddiš  ba -kyāneh is attributed to Sabrishoʿ in some sources (but to ... ... attributed to Sabrishoʿ in some sources (but to  Babai  or Ishoʿyahb II ... ... Siirt (LXV–LXXII; PO 13.4, 154–78) add  some further miracles. Sources ...
207
... J.-M.  Fiey, ‘Une hymne nestorienne sur les saintes femmes’,  AB  84 (1966), 77–110. E.  Gülcan, ‘The renewal of...
208
DiatessaronContributor: William L. Petersen URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Diatessaron
...Later commentators and writers (e.g., Theodoros bar  Koni , Ishoʿdad of... ... Merv , Dionysios  bar  ... Ṣalibi , ʿAbdishoʿ bar  ... Brikha ) all  speak of it with great respect.  Bar  Brikha even imputes to Tatian an almost mystical grasp of the ‘intention’ o... speak of it with great respect.  Bar  Brikha even imputes to Tatian an almost mystical grasp of the ‘intention’ o... speak of it with great respect.  Bar  Brikha even imputes to Tatian an almost mystical grasp of the ‘intention’ o... ...ay to resolve these problems was Marcion’s: to select one gospel and exclude all  others. But the same problem may also be solved as Tatian did: create one G...
209
Chronicle of Edessa (mid-6th cent.)Contributor: Lucas Van Rompay URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Chronicle-of-Edessa
...a (nos. 51 and 59) and  Hiba  (nos. 59, 60, 64, and 68), to the 449 Council of E... ...ved much attention in modern scholarship. The Chronicle’s extreme paucity of data  on Christianity in Edessa prior to the beginning of the 4th cent. ... ... It was only in the 4th cent., in his view, that ‘orthodox’ Christianity was able  to assert itself and to oppress ‘non-orthodox’ groups, whose literary histo... ...ely erased. In addition, scholars have noted the absence in the Chronicle of any  reference to the conversion of the Abgarids or to the mission of Addai. Thi... ...ely erased. In addition, scholars have noted the absence in the Chronicle of any  reference to the conversion of the Abgarids or to the mission of Addai. Thi... ...ely erased. In addition, scholars have noted the absence in the Chronicle of any  reference to the conversion of the Abgarids or to the mission of Addai. Thi...
210
... of the diocese. In 613 Daniel ʿUzoyo became bp. of the united dioceses of  Dara  and Ṭur ʿAbdin, to which, for a while, were added those of Tella and ... ...attempt to prevent the new bp. in the north-east of Ṭur ʿAbdin from claiming all  the bishops of the region as his predecessors. If that is right, then the M... ... felt the division as a heavy blow to its prestige. On 6 Aug . 1364, with the support of the other bishops of Ṭur ʿAbdin, the bp. of Ṣala... ...tions. For example, in 1200 the bp. of Qarṭmin was suffocated in the cave of Bar  Siqay by the Mongol Hunnish raiders, together with thirty-two monks and 330... ...05 and 1413 there were devastating epidemics in Ṭur ʿAbdin; and in the 1490s all  the monasteries of Ṭur ʿAbdin were laid waste by a confederation of Kurdish... ...ere laid waste by a confederation of Kurdish tribes. This is a small part of all  that the people of Ṭur ʿAbdin have suffered and survived. From the 13th cen... ...enovated from the foundations in the early Islamic period, circumventing the ban  on new church buildings. See Fig. 52, ... ... P.  Peeters, ‘Le martyrologe de Rabban Sliba’,  AB  27 (1908), 129–200. M. Streck, ‘Ṭūr ʿAbdīn’, i...
211
Gabriel of Baṣra (fl. late 9th cent.) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Hubert Kaufhold URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Gabriel-of-Basra
...Timotheos I , Ishoʿ bar  ... Nun , ʿAbdishoʿ bar  Bahrīz , and from the so-called Syro-Roman Law ... ... reconstructed with the help of the Syriac Nomocanon of ʿAbdishoʿ bar  Brikha (d. 1318) and of the second part of the... ...the Arabic collection Fiqh al-Naṣrāniyya by  Ibn  al-Ṭayyib (1st half of 11th cent.), two works that... ...tions for an association of artisans from the late Sasanian or early Arab  period’, in Transformations of Late Antiquity. Essays for Peter ...
212
Philoxenos of Mabbug (ca. 440s?–523) [Syr. Orth.]Contributor: David  A. Michelson URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Philoxenos-of-Mabbug
...ves in three mss. produced in Philoxenos’s own lifetime: London, Brit. Libr. Add . 14,528; 14,534; and 17,126. Philoxenos’s anti-Chalcedon efforts culminated in ... ...r Philoxenos are attested for 10 Dec., 18 Feb., 1 and 2 April, and 16 and 18 Aug . ... ...E. A. W. Budge, The Discourses of Philoxenus, Bishop of Mabbôgh, A.D . 485–519 (1894). (with ET) I. Guidi, La lettera di Filosseno ai monaci ... ... I. Guidi, La lettera di Filosseno ai monaci di Tell ʿAddâ  (Atti della Reale Accad. dei Lincei, classe di sc. morali 3.12; 188... ... sc. morali 3.12; 1884), 449–501. (Syr. with IT) A.  de  Halleux, Lettre aux  moines de Senoun (CSCO 231–32; 1963). ... ... , Commentaire du prologue johannique (Ms. Br. Mus. Add . 14,534) (CSCO 380–81; 1977). E.  Lemoine and R.  Lavenant, Philoxène d... ... Secondary Sources L.  Abramowski,  Aus  dem Streit um das “Unus ex trinitate passus est”, Der Protest des H...
213
...ptic, Armenian, Syriac Orthodox, and Malankara Syriac Orthodox Churches, all  of which accept the Councils of Nicea, Constantinople, and Ephesus, but rej... ...e in the late 5th to early 6th cent. These missionaries include the Ṣādeqān, Maṭāʿ , and especially the so-called Nine Saints (see A. Brita, in ... ...sionaries with Syriac-speaking areas was based on three principal arguments, all  of which have been seriously challenged in more recent scholarship. ... ...cently, however, Marrassini (1990, 35–8; 1999, 326–8) has shown that few, if any , of these names are actually of Syriac origin. Second, ... ... the Aksumite period involves Syriac loanwords in Geʿez. More than a century ago , Th. Nöldeke drew attention to a number of Aramaic loanwords in Geʿez. Guid... ... certainly not Syriac, but others of which may potentially be Syriac. Before any  ... meaningful historical conclusions can be drawn, an updated analysis of all  the Aramaic loanwords in Geʿez is needed, taking into account recent develo... ... meaningful historical conclusions can be drawn, an updated analysis of all  the Aramaic loanwords in Geʿez is needed, taking into account recent develo...
214
Evagrius (345–399)Contributor: Sebastian P. Brock URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Evagrius-of-Pontus
...ed and often quoted by Syriac monastic authors;  Babai  the Great wrote an extensive Commentary on the... ...heretical reader. Another Commentary on this work was made by Dionysios bar  Ṣalibi (ed. Çiçek). ... ... 2430–2482. G.  Bunge, Evagrios Pontikos. Briefe aus  der Wüste (1986). (GT of Letters) J...
215
MedicineContributor: Peter E. Pormann URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Medicine
...e Arabic versions by Ḥunayn’s school quickly eclipsed them. We are, however, able  to study the Graeco-Syriac translation technique, not least since ... ... Graeco-Syriac translation technique, not least since  Bar  Bahlul ’s ‘Lexicon’ incorporates the vocabulary lis... ... and magic recipes and treatments. Yoḥannan  bar  Sarapion ( Ibn  Sarābiyūn) compiled the second extant independent work: a medical encyclope... ... i.e., it contains many thousands of recipes. Yoḥannan bar  Sarapion continues the Greek encyclopaedic tradition as represented by Paul... ...ewise, his teacher Yūḥannā b. Māsawayh (d. 857) also excelled in the medical art  .... Both mostly wrote in Arabic, and acquired great fame in the  area  ... of ophthalmology. The most prominent Syriac medical family are without  any 
216
...iaphysite monks throughout northern Syria, John bar  Aphtonia led a group of monks from the monaste... ...d Yaʿqub of Edessa  all  studied Greek at Qenneshre. Severos Sebokh... ...iated with the monastery and Giwargi bp. of the Arab  tribes , probably studied there as well. Many impor... ...of the monastery) obtained permission from ʿUthmān b. Thumāma to rebuild it. Ibn  al-ʿAdīm’s (d. 1262) Bughyat al-ṭalab fī taʾrīkh Ḥalab contains a ... ...990s, Spanish archaeologists conducting rescue operations in the Tishrin Dam area  in northern Syria identified a large monastic site near the confluence of t... ... Sources E.  Barsoum, ‘Sīrat al-qiddis Yūḥannā ibn  Aftūnīyā’, PatMag ... ...tier’, in Archaeology of the Upper Syrian Euphrates: The Tishrin Dam area , ed. G. del Olmo Lete and J.-L. Montero Fenollós (1999), 643–62. ... ...and G.  Matilla Séiquer, ‘Cristianización: Los Monasterios del Ámbito de Qara  Qûzâq’, in Antigüedad y Cristianismo 15 (1998), 399–415. F. Nau, ‘Appendice...
217
...E.- and W.- Syr. tradition, and a verse text by  Babai  of Nisibis (‘On the final evil hour’, not exta... ... 39 [1926]). In contrast to the ms. finds from the Turfan area , Syriac is barely represented at  all  at Dunhuang, further east: only two fragments have so far come to light, on... ...smussen, ‘The Sogdian and Uighur-Turkish Christian literature in Central Asia ’, in Indological and Buddhist Studies. Volume in Honor of Prof. J. ... ... background) M.  Dickens, ‘The Syriac Bible in Central Asia ’, in The Christian Heritage of Iraq,ed. E. C. D.  Hunter (2009), 92–120... ... I.  Gillman and H.-J.  Klimkeit, Christianity in  Asia  Before 1500 (1999), ch. 9. (for background) M.  Maroth, ‘Die syrischen Hand... ... N.  Sims-Williams idem , [Christianity] ‘In Central Asia  and Chinese Turkestan’, EIr , vol. 5 (...
218
Isḥaq Shbadnaya (fl. 1439/40) [Ch. of E.]Contributor: Thomas A. Carlson URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ishaq-Shbadnaya
... Merv , and Yoḥannan bar  Zoʿbi . Some of these quotations are extensive.... ... Sources  Abūna ,  Adab , 463–4. Baumstark, Literatur, 330. G.  Cardahi, Lib...

Search results:

462 matches for Keyword: Aba~ Perpage: 218

You may wish to expand your search by using our advanced search functions or by using wildcard characters to increase results. See search tips for more details.

Search Tips

For best results, users are recommended to use the advanced search functions. Search results can also be improved by the use of the the following Boolean search characters:

Wildcard Characters:

Given the prevalence of variant spellings in names, using Wildcard Characters may help.

"?" can be inserted as a variant for any single character.

Thus a search for:

G?wargis  
returns results which contain either "Gewargis" or "Giwargis".

Similarly a search for:

M?r  
returns results which contain either "Mar" or "Mor".

"*" can be inserted as a variant for multiple characters or a truncated word.

Thus a search for:

Dayr*  
returns results for "Dayr" and "Dayro" and more.

Similarly a search for

Ab*  
returns results for "ʿAbdishoʿ" and "ʿAbda" and more.

Note: Because the sources we quote use a variety of transliteration formats, Syriaca.org ignores diacritics and punctuation in searching; for example, use of "ʿ" is not required to find results with this diacritical mark.

Fuzzy Search Character

Appending the character "~" after a word returns results for words that are close but not exact matches.

Thus a search for

Aba~  
returns results which contain "Aba" but also "Abi", "Saba", "Aha", and other words that are "fuzzy" matches for "Aba".

Exact Phrase Searches

To find an exact phrase, it should be enclosed in double quotes.

Thus

"ʿAbdishoʿ I"  
returns only one result with that exact phrase, while several results are found for the words "ʿAbdishoʿ" and "I".

Proximity Characters

To find two or more words which occur within a specified range of each other, one can append the character "~" followed by a number to an "Exact Phrase" search. This allows one to search for two or more words that occur within a specified distance of each other as defined by number of words.

Thus

"Jacob+Bishop"~2  
finds three results in which the words "Jacob" and "Bishop" occur within two words of each other: "Jacob , bishop of Nisibin", "Jacob, bishop of Phesilta", and "Jacob , bishop of ‛Ānah" while a simple search for "Jacob Bishop" returns many more results.