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Aba ...
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Aba
http://syriaca.org/bibl/12
3
... ... , author, and biblical commentator. The ‘Testament of
Ephrem’ mentions Aba as the first of Ephrem’s seven disciples. He must,
therefore, be the same p... ... of Ephrem’s seven disciples. He must,
therefore, be the same person as ‘Mar Aba , the disciple of Ephrem’ to whom
several fragments are attributed in ms. Lo... ... of Ephrem’s seven disciples. He must,
therefore, be the same person as ‘Mar Aba , the disciple of Ephrem’ to whom
several fragments are attributed in ms. Lo... ... of Ephrem’s seven disciples. He must,
therefore, be the same person as ‘Mar Aba , the disciple of Ephrem’ to whom
several fragments are attributed in ms. Lo... ... Ephrem’ to whom
several fragments are attributed in ms. London, Brit. Libr. Add . 17,194, a
9th-cent. W.-Syr. collection of extracts from exegetical and the... ... these meager remains some new texts may perhaps be added.
Aba is explicitly quoted in a work on the Holy Chrism by
Anṭun of
...
2
Aba ... I
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Aba -I
http://syriaca.org/bibl/10
1
... ...
(540–52). Born from
Zoroastrian parents, Aba converted to Christianity and studied at the School of Nisibis. He traveled to the Roman Empire and... ...ed as his successor in 540. In 544 an
itinerant synod was held, during which Aba , accompanied by a changing number
of bishops, visited several dioceses, man... ...s, which are related
to this ecclesiastical visitation and, more broadly, to Aba’s reforms: 1. on
reform of church governance; 2. on the orthodox faith; 3. on... ... ecclesiastical hierarchy; 6. a letter entitled Practica (fragments); 7. canons (1–40; incomplete). Aba came into
conflict with the Persian authorities and spent several of his ye... ...
in prison and in exile.
The sources attribute to Aba several commentaries on OT and NT books, of
which only fragments exist in l... ...a. 550 wrote his ‘Christian Topography’. Cosmas (in
Book II.2) acknowledges Aba , whom he calls Patrikios (derived from the Greek
word for ‘father’), as his...
3
Aba II of Kashkar
(641–751) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Gerrit J.
Reinink
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Aba-II-of-Kashkar
Aba ... II of Kashkar
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Aba -II-of-Kashkar
http://syriaca.org/bibl/11
2
... ... in 741. In the sixth year of his Catholicate a
conflict between Aba and the clergy of Seleucia-Ctesiphon arose; the latter
accused the
... ...taken the possessions of the city’s
School. According to a letter written by Aba to the director, the teachers,
and the other ‘brothers’ of the School, thes... ...r a year, but returned to Seleucia-Ctesiphon after
the conflict was settled. Aba is known as the author of different works
which, except for ‘the Letter to ... ...e Letter to the leaders of the School’, are lost: the
Book of the Governors Ktābā d-esṭraṭige), a
Commentary on the Theologian (
... ... Bussāme, containing the exegesis of passages from Gen., Num.,
Isa ., and the four Gospels. These fragments and extracts are of great
importanc... ...of Christian tenets such as the Trinity and the Divinity of Christ. Although
Aba is reported to have maintained as
Cat...
4
ʿAbdishoʿ bar Bahrīz
(fl. first quarter of 9th cent.) [Ch. of E] Contributor:
Barbara H.
Roggema
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abdisho-bar-Bahriz
ʿAbdishoʿ bar ... Bahrīz
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abdisho bar -Bahriz
http://syriaca.org/bibl/13
4
... ...formation about
ʿAbdishoʿ derives from Muslim sources, most importantly from Ibn al-Nadīm,
who mentions that he translated many works of logic and philosoph... ... Aristotle
’s
‘Categories’ and ‘On Interpretation’. Ibn al-Nadīm also makes reference to
his works in defense of ‘Nestorian’ Christ... ...ssion between ‘ʿAbdishoʿ, the Nestorian
Muṭrān,
Abū ...
Qurra
, the Melkite Bishop, and Abū Rāʾiṭa, the Jacobite’ before a
Muslim vizier (ed. with ET by Toenies Keatin... ...reference to Cath.
Ishoʿ
bar Nun
(823–28), but it is more likely that this name points to
... ... (823–28), but it is more likely that this name points to
ʿAbdishoʿ bar Bahrīz, who was also a contemporary of these interlocutors.
ʿAbdishoʿ’s apo...
5
ʿAbdishoʿ bar Brikha
Ebedjesus (d. 1318) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Jeff W.
Childers
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abdisho-bar-Brikha
ʿAbdishoʿ bar ... Brikha
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abdisho bar -Brikha
http://syriaca.org/bibl/14
5
... ... Nomocanon, or
Collection of Synodical Canons of Mar Abdisho bar Brikha,
Metropolitan of Nisibis and Armenia (1918).
... ... ‘A list of known manuscripts of the Syriac
Maqamat of ʿAbdishoʿ bar Brika’,
JAAS
...
6
ʿAbdishoʿ of Gazarta
(d. 1567) [Ch. of E., Chald.] Contributor:
Herman G. B.
Teule
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abdisho-of-Gazarta
... http://syriaca.org/person/311
person
ʿAbdishoʿ bar ... Yoḥannan d-Beth Maron, monk of the
monastery of Mar Aḥa the
Egyptian, in the region of Gazarta
(Cizre).... ...
(d. 1567) [Ch. of E., Chald.]
ʿAbdishoʿ bar Yoḥannan d-Beth Maron, monk of the monastery of Mar Aḥa the
Egyptian, in the region of Gazarta (Cizre), participated in the Synod w... Yoḥannan d-Beth Maron, monk of the monastery of Mar Aḥa the
Egyptian, in the region of Gazarta (Cizre), participated in the Synod w... Yoḥannan d-Beth Maron, monk of the monastery of Mar Aḥa the
Egyptian, in the region of Gazarta (Cizre), participated in the Synod w... Yoḥannan d-Beth Maron, monk of the monastery of Mar Aḥa the
Egyptian, in the region of Gazarta (Cizre), participated in the Synod w... ...f Gazarta (Cizre), participated in the Synod which
deposed Patr. Shemʿon VII bar
7
ʿAbdullāh I bar Sṭephanos
(d. 1557) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
George A.
Kiraz
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abdullah-I-bar-Stephanos
ʿAbdullāh I bar ... Sṭephanos
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abdullah-I bar -Stephanos
http://syriaca.org/bibl/16
7
... ...521–57) and advocate for printing the first
Syriac NT. He was born in Qalʿat Mara probably at the end of the 15th cent.
ʿAbdullāh moved the patriarchal see t...
8
Abgar the Hagiographer
(early 5th cent.) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Lucas
Van Rompay
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abgar-the-Hagiographer
Abgar ... the Hagiographer
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Abgar -the-Hagiographer
http://syriaca.org/bibl/19
10
... ...
http://syriaca.org/person/315
person
Abgar is named as the author of the
martyrdom of
Hor... ...
(early 5th cent.) [Ch. of E.]
Abgar is named as the author of the martyrdom of Hormizd and his nine
companions ... ... , and of
Yaʿqub the Notary — must also have been written by Abgar . These four martyr
texts are grouped together in ms. Berlin, Or. oct. 1257 ... ... Berlin, Or. oct. 1257 and share similar
content and style. The execution of all these martyrs took place at Sleq
Ḥarobta, not far from
... ...on
, and in the proximity of a monastery to which
in all likelihood Abgar
9
Abgarids of EdessaContributor:
Timothy Scott
Wardle
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abgarids-of-Edessa
... the middle of the 3rd cent. The most common names in this line of
kings are Abgar and Maʿnu, both of which are of a North Arabian type. The
disintegration of... ...arance of the Romans in the
Near East in the 1st cent. BC, the Abgarids were able ... to maintain Edessa and
the surrounding area of Osrhoene as a more or less independent buffer state
between the Roman an... ... to maintain Edessa and
the surrounding area of Osrhoene as a more or less independent buffer state
between the Roman an... ... the moment when Rome began to extend its reach into
Mesopotamia, i.e., from Abgar VII (109–116) on through the end of the
dynasty. In the 2nd and early 3rd c... ...elationship between Rome and
Edessa intensified; it reached its climax under Abgar VIII, the Great
(177–212). Rome finally imposed its power on Edessa when in... ... finally imposed its power on Edessa when in 212/13 the
short-lived reign of Abgar VIII’s successor was ended and the city declared
a Roman
... ... finally imposed its power on Edessa when in 212/13 the
short-lived reign of Abgar VIII’s successor was ended and the city declared
a Roman
...
10
Abraham bar Dashandad
(8th cent.) [E.-Syr.] Contributor:
Herman G. B.
Teule
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abraham-bar-Dashandad
Abraham bar ... Dashandad
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abraham bar -Dashandad
http://syriaca.org/bibl/21
12
... ...ere he was born, he was the disciple of the
reformer of ecclesiastical music Babai of Gbilta and later
became teacher at the School of
... ...ere he
was born, he was the disciple of the reformer of ecclesiastical music Babai
of Gbilta and later became teacher at the School of Bashosh in Persia,
... ...ilta and later became teacher at the School of Bashosh in Persia,
founded by Babai , and the School of Marga. At the end of his life, he
established himself at... ...ilta and later became teacher at the School of Bashosh in Persia,
founded by Babai , and the School of Marga. At the end of his life, he
established himself at... ...ilta and later became teacher at the School of Bashosh in Persia,
founded by Babai , and the School of Marga. At the end of his life, he
established himself at... ... as the
Upper Monastery. According to
ʿAbdishoʿ bar
Brikha
, he was the author of a Book of
...
11
Abraham bar Lipeh
(7th cent.) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abraham-bar-Lipeh
Abraham bar ... Lipeh
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abraham bar -Lipeh
http://syriaca.org/bibl/22
13
... ...ng is known of his life. It is presumed that he was some relation of
Gabriel bar Lipeh (better known as
Gabriel
Qaṭraya
... ...
Sources
R. H. Connolly, Abrahae bar Lipeh
Interpretatio Officiorum, in his Anonymi auctoris Expositio O...
12
Abraham of Beth Rabban
(6th cent.) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Lucas
Van Rompay
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abraham-of-Beth-Rabban
...braham was then temporarily
replaced by
Elishaʿ bar
Quzbaye
but he returned to his office a few ye... ... and held
it until his death, probably in 569. Other sources present Elishaʿ bar
Quzbaye as Narsai’s immediate successor and put the beginning of Abraham’s
...
13
Abraham of Kashkar
(ca. 500–588) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Lucas
Van Rompay
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Abraham-of-Kashkar
... M. Tamcke
idem
, ‘Abraham of Kashkar’s pilgrimage’, ARAM 18–19 (2006–7), 477–82.
Vööbus, Syriac and Arabic documents,
...
14
Addai, Teaching of
(ca. 420) Contributor:
Timothy Scott
Wardle
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Addai-Teaching-of
...yriac writing containing the legendary correspondence
between Jesus and King Abgar of Edessa.
(ca. 420)
... ...yriac writing containing the legendary correspondence between Jesus and King
Abgar of
Edessa
, the report of the apostle Addai’s ... ...y, such as the portrait of Jesus, are missing.
Eusebius’s account ends after Abgar is healed and Thaddaios is asked to
speak to the people of Edessa, a prelud... ... Mani
, a
‘proto-orthodox’ group, and others all vied for authority. The story most
likely originated inside one of these gr... ... Syriac Christianity.
Accordingly, Syriac Christianity could trace its roots all the way back to
the apostles and to Jesus himself. Also significant is the ... ... Eusebius, Christianity, and Judaism, ed. H. W.
Attridge and G. Hata (1992), 212–34.
S. P. Brock
... ... 18 (2004), 46–56.
A. Desreumaux, Histoire du roi Abgar et de
Jésus (1993).
H. J. W. Drijvers, ‘The...
15
... The region
between the Upper
and Lower Zab
rivers, from the Tigris in the west to Mt.
Ṣalā... ...al Adiabene, Syriac Ḥadyāb, refers to the
region between the Upper and Lower Zab rivers, from the Tigris in the west
to Mt. Ṣalāḥ al-dīn (= Mt. Pirmum) in t... ...uities’, 20.17–94). Christianity spread into this region quite
quickly, with Papa possibly serving as its first metropolitan as of 310. The
Synod of 410 held...
16
... Orth.,
Armenian Catholic, Latin). Aleppo, nicknamed ‘Grey Aleppo’ (Ḥalab al šahbāʾ ) in Arabic, owes its military and
commercial importance to its imposing cit... ...in older Syriac literature. Aleppo came under Roman rule in
64 BC. After the Arab conquest in 636, Aleppo first rose to prominence under
the Ḥamdānid Sayf al... ... mid-6th cent. is Matthew (644–669). Among his successors was
Bar ʿEbroyo
(ca. 1253–64), who was the bp. there when
... ... Aleppo included, along with
Damascus
and Ḥama ,
in the title of Metr.
... ... , who migrated
to Aleppo en masse in 1924, as well as those from the area around
Mardin
.
As a cente... ... As a center of Latin missionary activity since the beginning of the Ottoman
era , with Capuchins, Jesuits and Carmelites present in the city by 1526,
Aleppo... ... of Aleppo (Michael Ḍāhir, Peter Jarweh,
George Chelhot, Antony Ḥayek, Peter ʿAbd al- Aḥad ), while two others were
Metr. of Aleppo before ascending to the patriarchat...
17
...xander, preserved in various sources, including
Bar ʿEbroyo
’s Amusing Stories.
6. A set of short laments o... ...993), 3–9.
G. J. Reinink, ‘Die Entstehung der syrischen Alexanderlegende als
politisch-religiöse Propagandaschrift für Herakleios’
... ... Kirchenpolitik’, in After Chalcedon,
ed. Laga et al., 263–81.
G.... ... of Alexander’, in Memory as History.
The Legacy of Alexander in Asia , ed. H. P. Ray and D. T.
Potts (2007), 54–75.
...
18
...nded by massive black basalt walls, which later gave it the
nickname ‘Black kara ) Amid’, Amid was by the 4th
cent. a key point in Rome’s defence of her east... ...sians in 363. It was taken by the Persians in
359, 503, and 606/7. After the Arab conquest in 639, it was ruled by a
series of dynasties including the Kurdis... ...opotamia to attend the councils, respectively, of Ephesus and
Chalcedon. The area around Amid was an important center of monasticism with
five monasteries wi... ...od after the Council of Chalcedon, Amid was a Miaphysite
stronghold, and Bp. Mara of Amid was one of those bps. expelled from their
sees under Emperor Justin... ...period of persecution for the
Miaphysites under the Chalcedonian Bp. Abraham bar Kaili, a line of
Miaphysite bishops was reestablished with the consecration... ...he later occupants of the see was
Dionysios
bar Ṣalibi
. Amid has been the seat of the Syr. Orth. patriarchs on
... ...ene
, during the tenure of Ignatius
ʿAbdullāh I bar Sṭephanos
(1521– 1557), and in 1862–71 when
Ignati... ... . The Syr.
Orth. see of Amid lapsed with the demise of Metr. Dionysios ʿAbd al-Nūr
Aslan in 1933.
The presence of E.-Syr. Christian...
19
...n Anastasis painting. Parts of Christ’s
flying cloak are visible as he pulls Adam out of the grave. Behind Adam is
Eve, and behind her is Abel is
Eve, and behind her is Adam is
Eve, and behind her is Abel . On the other side are David and Solomon, and
the remains of a scroll once ... ...saints and two flying angels. The
large piers of the church are decorated on all four sides with remains of
paint, showing several saints, a portrait of St.... ... an equestrian St. Theodore spearing a dragon.
These wall paintings are all inscribed in Greek. Some attempt has been made
to write in Syriac over a lo...
20
al- Anbār ...
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/al Anbar
http://syriaca.org/bibl/44
35
... ...tory over the Roman Emperor Julian in
363. The city’s popular name ‘Ambāra’ Arab . al- Anbār ) means ‘magazine; storehouse’, and refers to its strategic
function as an a... ...fter the Sasanian capital Ctesiphon. During the first
centuries of Islam, al Anbār remained prosperous, being the residence of the
Abassid Caliphs al-Saffāḥ (... ... the first millennium; in 1262 it was sacked by the Mongols.
Al Anbār was a see of the Ch. of E., first mentioned in the 5th cent. The
main sourc... ... Cath.: Ṣliba Zka (713–28),
Theodosios (853–58), and Yoḥannan bar ... Narsai (884–91).
Eliya of
al Anbār
was elected
...
21
... called ‘Christian’ soon became the most
important center of Christianity in Asia , and its see was recognised as
ranking alongside those of Rome and Alexandr... ..., as well as of more
friendly visits by
Michael Rabo
(1166–99), who is
said to have been enthroned on t... ...self on the outskirts of the city some time before 1246, and by
Yuḥanon bar Maʿdani
(1252–63), who was enthroned on the ‘chair of
...
22
Anṭun of Tagrit
(9th cent.?) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
John W.
Watt
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Antun-of-Tagrit
... and a brief report in the Ecclesiastical History of
Bar
ʿEbroyo
to the effect that he lived at the tim... ...sios
of Tel Maḥre
(active in 825), a view which Bar ʿEbroyo declares to
be generally accepted by his contemporary teachers and ... ...o declares to
be generally accepted by his contemporary teachers and elders. Bar ʿEbroyo
supports this by identifying an unnamed student of Greek poetry in ... ...ontested. Mention of his works by later authors first appears in
Yaʿqub bar Shakko
and Bar ʿEbroyo.
Two mss. in London (Brit. Libr. Add. 17,208 + Dayr al-Suryān 32 and Br... ...s prologue largely identical
with that by
Mushe bar
Kipho
and probably dependent upon Pseudo-Diony... ...s partial reproduction and
paraphrasing in the ‘Book of Dialogues’ of Yaʿqub bar Shakko. It was greatly
admired by Bar ʿEbroyo, who cited it frequently in his ‘Book of Splendors’
and prefaced it...
23
Aphrahaṭ
(fl. first half of 4th cent.) Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Aphrahat
... Aphrahaṭ, by which he is known today, is first found in
Ishoʿ bar Nun
(d. 828). In the early 8th cent.
... ...8). In the early 8th cent.
Giwargi, bp. of the Arab tribes
only knew of him as ‘the Persian
Sage’ (V. ...
24
...40
subject
Apocalypses, or Revelations, aim to disclose
eschatological events and in order to enhance their authority t... ...
Apocalypses, or Revelations, aim to disclose eschatological events and in
order to enhance their authority t... ... a commentary (notably by
Dionysios
bar Ṣalibi
).
The Apocalypse of Paul purports to describe w... ...7th cent. gave rise to a number of
texts of an apocalyptic nature, this time all composed in Syriac. The
Persian invasion of the eastern provinces of the By... ...ncerning the End’ (ed. H. Schmold, Ph. D. Diss., Hamburg; 1972). The lack
of any indication of contemporary events, prior to ‘the End’, make it
difficult to... ...he christianized Alexander legend, has been dated
to ca. 640, soon after the Arab conquests, though it could alternatively
come from a few decades later in t... ...on of a number of apocalyptic features in the final book 15 of
Yoḥannan bar Penkaye
’s ‘Book of the Main Points’, written ca. 687
... ...
,
very probably dates from 691/2, the time of ʿAbd al-Malik’s
tax reforms and the building of the Dome of the Rock (ed. with G...
25
Aqaq
Acacius (late 5th cent.) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Lucas
Van Rompay
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Aqaq
Aqaq ...
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Aqaq
http://syriaca.org/bibl/50
41
... ... cath.
(484–495/6). Aqaq headed the Ch. of
E. during a critical period of its history, when it adopt... ...al period of its history, when it adopted a strictly
dyophysite Christology. Aqaq had studied at the School of
Edessa, where he became acquainted with th... ...rsian Emperor Peroz and was arrested and executed by the latter in 484.
When Aqaq took office, therefore, the situation of Christianity in the
Persian Empire... ...e wake of this synod that Babowai was
arrested and executed, and replaced by Aqaq . At a subsequent synod, held in
Beth ʿEdray, in August-September 485 (of wh... ...ember 485 (of which also no report is preserved),
peace between Barṣawma and Aqaq was established. A number of letters from
this period, included in the Syno... ...e Synodicon, confirm that Barṣawma and his
followers eventually submitted to Aqaq . The stage was thus set for the Synod
of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, of Febr. 486, ...
26
Arabic, Syriac translations fromContributor:
Herman G. B.
Teule
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Arabic-Syriac-translations-from
... the
wise’,and the tale of the ‘Ten viziers and the son of King Azad -Bekht’.
3. The next category is constituted by medical texts of Greek origin, w... ...We may assume that the reason behind
this request was that the very critical Ibn Māsawayh held that Syriac was
more appropriate than Arabic for expressing s... ... discussion, see Teule, forthcoming).
4.
Bar ʿEbroyo
had a good knowledge of Muslim-Arabic
lite... ...con’ and the ‘Book of the Dove’ (based
on Ghazālī), the Swād supyā (based on Ibn Sinā), etc.
In these cases, however, the author did not intend to make tran... ...nslations, and
the origin of the source text was not revealed. Nevertheless, Bar ʿEbroyo
did also compose several translations that were meant as such: the ... ...nslations, and
the origin of the source text was not revealed. Nevertheless, Bar ʿEbroyo
did also compose several translations that were meant as such: the ... ...nslations, and
the origin of the source text was not revealed. Nevertheless, Bar ʿEbroyo
did also compose several translations that were meant as such: the ... ...did also compose several translations that were meant as such: the Kitāb al-išārāt wa-al-tanbīhāt by Ibn
27
...cations of the
‘Fertile Crescent’, in Syria and Mesopotamia. It later spread all ... over the
Middle East and well into Central Asia . From the 6th cent. BC to the 7th
cent. AD, Aramaic, in a variety of interr... ... chapters of the biblical book of Daniel, the Aramaic portions of the Dead
Sea documents, and the earliest layer of the Jewish Targumim, or
translations o... ... (Targumim, hymns, and prose compositions); and Christians of the Jerusalem
area (Christian Palestinian Aramaic).
East-Aramaic texts were produced by Jews (part... ... Appendix added to the Chronicle of
Michael
Rabo
, which deals with ‘the kingdoms that have been established in
... ... Antiquity by our race, (that of) the Arameans, namely the descendants of
Aram , who were called Syrians or inhabitants of Syria’ (ed. J. B. Chabot,
text i... ... (1981), 613–49.
S. P. Brock, ‘Three thousand years of Aramaic literature’, ARAM 1 (1989), 11–23.
Brock and Taylor, Hidden Pearl, esp. vol.
... ...the Aramaic Language’, in A Wandering Aramean. Collected Aramaic Essays
SBL Monographs 25; 1979), 57–84.
J. C. Greenfield, ‘Standard Literary Aramaic’,...
28
ArameansContributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
James F.
Coakley
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Arameans
...is further elaborated in Appendix II
to
Michael Rabo
’s Chronicle. In modern times the
ethnic identity o...
29
... Mari (CSCO 602–3; 2003). (Syr. with FT)
C. Jullien and F. Jullien, Aux origines de
l’Église de Perse: Les Actes de Mar Mari (CSCO 604;
... ...
P. Peeters, ‘Le passionnaire d’Adiabène’,
AB
43 (1925), 261–304.
D. Sourdel, ‘Irbil’, in EI...
30
... Yaʿqub of Edessa
, and
Giwargi bp. of the Arab
tribes
, several of which survive; the later bo... ...
Arabic; some use of them, however, was made by
Bar
ʿEbroyo
in his ‘Cream of Wisdom’ and elsewhere... ...abriel
Qaṭraya
and
Babai
onwards also show an
awareness of Aristotle’s logi... ... the ‘Organon’; CSCO 464, p. 35),
Theodoros bar
Koni
, and others survive, but no specific comm... ...ntary reaching the ‘Analytics’ by
Dionysios
bar Ṣalibi
survives (ms. Cambridge Gg. 2.14). In the early 13th
... ...g. 2.14). In the early 13th
cent. both
Yoḥannan bar
Zoʿbi
and
Yaʿqub ... ...
Zoʿbi
and
Yaʿqub bar
Shakko
(in his ‘Dialogues’) are concerned with... ... (in his ‘Dialogues’) are concerned with related topics; a
little later Bar ʿEbroyo, in his Ktobo d-boboto
covers in brief the whole of the ‘Organon’, ...
31
Armalah, Isḥāq
Armalet, Isaac (1879–1954) [Syr. Cath.] Contributor:
George A.
Kiraz
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Armalah-Ishaq
...
Sources
Abūna , Adab , 555.
M. al-Jamil, Taʾrīkh wa-siyar. Kahanat al-suryān
...
32
Armenian Christianity, Syriac contacts withContributor:
Lucas
Van Rompay
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Armenian-Christianity-Syriac-contacts-with
... Christianity
subject
Armenia, the geographical area of Armenian Christianity
and culture, borders the homeland of Syr. Christia... ...
Armenia, the geographical area of Armenian Christianity and culture, borders
the homeland of Syr. Christia... ...dioceses of Arzun, Qardu, Beth
Zabdai, Beth Rahimai, and Beth Moksaye, which all had large Armenian
populations and which occasionally show up as dioceses o... ...e Council’s
condemnation of Antiochene theology, Armenian Christianity moved away from
the Syriac sphere of influence and increasingly turned to the Greek im... ...he Armenians is found in
treatises by
Yuḥanon X bar ... Shushan
and
Dionysios bar Ṣalibi
.
In spite of the theological complexities in th... ...ibis
is preserved only in Armenian.
Intense contacts on all levels took place in the period of the Armenian
Kingdom of Cilicia. Many Sy... ...ive safety of
Cilicia, where the Syr. Orth. had bp. sees in Adana, Anazarba ʿAyn
33
Art and architectureContributor:
Lucas
Van Rompay
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Art-and-architecture
Art ... and architecture
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Art -and-architecture
http://syriaca.org/bibl/59
50
... ...
subject
A comprehensive study of Syr. Christian art and
architecture is still missing, and only a few subfields are relatively ... ...
A comprehensive study of Syr. Christian art and architecture is still
missing, and only a few subfields are relatively ... ...nd religious traditions, the definition of what
constitutes ‘Syr. Christian’ art or architecture is somewhat elusive and
should not be attempted here. In th... ...there was a great deal of overlap
between Syr. Christian and Greek Christian art ... and culture. In the Islamic
period certain forms of art or architecture is somewhat elusive and
should not be attempted here. In th... ... and culture. In the Islamic
period certain forms of art or architecture is somewhat elusive and
should not be attempted here. In th...
34
Assemani, Joseph Aloysius
(1710–1782) [Maron.] Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Assemani-Joseph-Aloysius
... and of the
Nomocanon of
Bar ʿEbroyo
(both published by A. Mai,
in his Scriptor...
35
... In pre-modern sources, Assyrians (Atorāye) were
inhabitants of the area or ecclesiastical province of Ator, around
Mosul; in
... ... In pre-modern sources, Assyrians (Atorāye) were
inhabitants of the area or ecclesiastical province of Ator, around
Mosul
... ... by the Ch. of E.; and
sometimes 2. the supposed ethnic group represented by all the Syriac
churches.
1. In medieval sources there are i... ... excavating (Nineveh and its Remains, vol. 2 [1848],
237). Since the area around Mosul had been called ‘Assyria’ from ancient
times, this identificat... ...in use in some W.-Syr. circles before
World War I. It was popularized in the USA by writers like
Naʿʿūm Fāʾiq
, and
... ...’, and writers within the Church emphasize its Aramean heritage
over against any alleged Assyrian one.
Sources
...
36
Asʿad, Gabriel
(1907–1997) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
George A.
Kiraz
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Asad-Gabriel
Asʿad ..., Gabriel
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Asad -Gabriel
http://syriaca.org/bibl/60
51
... ... http://syriaca.org/bibl/60
51
Gabriel Asʿad
http://syriaca.org/person/346
person
Te... ...
Sources
Abūna , Adab ..., 575.
Macuch, Geschichte, 469.
Munūfar Barṣūm, Aḍwāʾ , 112–4.
...
37
Athanasios Aṣlan
(d. 1741) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
George A.
Kiraz
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Athanasios-Aslan
...author, and translator. He was born in
Amid
to ʿAbd al-Nūr
and Narzkhan. Two of his brothers, Thoma and Yawseph, became priests... ...nasios translated into Arabic a number of works including ḥusoye,
Mushe bar
Kipho
’s ‘Expositions of the Sacraments’,
...
38
Athanasios I Gamolo
(d. 631) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
Jack B.
Tannous
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Athanasios-I-Gamolo
...o be found
embedded in the Chronicle of
Michael Rabo
. They
include: a letter of Athanasios to Quryaqos ...
39
Athanasios II of Balad
(d. 687) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
Michael Philip
Penn
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Athanasios-II-of-Balad
...
Bar ... ʿEbroyo
,
Michael Rabo
, the Chronicle of
Zuqnin, the Chronicle of 846... ...slation of an
anonymous Greek introduction to logic (ms. London, Brit. Libr. Add . 14,660,
ed. Furlani), and selected letters of
... ... of
Edessa
(ms. London, Brit. Libr. Add . 12,181; ed. Brooks 1902).
Although none are fully extant, Athanasios also ... ...f
Nazianzus
is found in ms. London, Brit. Libr. Add . 14,725 and
Michael Rabo refers to Athanasios as an interpreter of the scriptures.
... . 14,725 and
Michael Rabo refers to Athanasios as an interpreter of the scriptures.
... . 14,725 and
Michael Rabo refers to Athanasios as an interpreter of the scriptures.
...
40
Audo, Toma
Toma Odo (1855–1918) [Chald.] Contributor:
George A.
Kiraz
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Audo-Toma
...
Alqosh
of Qasha Hirmiz bar Michael who was the brother of Patr. Yawsep Audo. Audo’s
brother Israel Aud... ...
where he served under his uncle’s successor Patr. Eliya ʿAbū al-Yūnan. He
later served as patriarchal vicar to
... ...
Sources
Abūna , Adab , 498–500.
Macuch, Geschichte, 211–3.
G. Oussani, ‘...
41
Awgen, Mar
(fl. 4th – early 5th cent.) Contributor:
Edward G.
Mathews , Jr.
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Awgen-Mar
... al-Zaʿfarān
). Mar Awgen is held in the highest esteem in all the
eastern churches with Syriac roots.
Scholars have n... ...
Sources
P. Bedjan, Acta Martyrum et
Sanctorum, vol. 3 (1890–97), 376–480.
... ...asteté
(1896).
S. Chialà, Abramo di Kashkar e la sua
comunità (2005), 13–20.
J.-M. Fiey, ‘Aônês... ...13–20.
J.-M. Fiey, ‘Aônês, Awun et Awgin’,
AB
80 (1962), 52–81.
...
42
Aydin, Nuʿmān
(1908–2001) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
George A.
Kiraz
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Aydin-Numan
...riarchal
Vicar of Ṭur ʿAbdin from 1973 to 1980. In 1987 he immigrated to the USA and
settled in NJ. He was a masterful scribe.
He was th... ...
Sources
Abūna , Adab ..., 575–6.
Macuch, Geschichte, 469.
Munūfar Barṣūm, Aḍwāʾ , 118–21.
...
43
Ayyub, Barsoum
(1932–1998) Contributor:
George A.
Kiraz
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ayyub-Barsoum
...
Sources
Abūna , Adab ..., 580–1.
Macuch, Geschichte, 464.
Munūfar Barṣūm, Aḍwāʾ , 175–7.
...
44
Aḥob Qaṭraya
(late 6th cent.?) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Bas
ter Haar Romeny
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ahob-Qatraya
.../324
person
Exegete from Beth Qaṭraye mentioned by ʿAbdishoʿ bar
Brikha.
(late 6th cen... ...
mentioned by
ʿAbdishoʿ bar
Brikha
. According to Assemani he lived around ... ...hoʿdad of
Merv
(9th cent.) has quoted Aḥob. In all likelihood Christianity
had already disappeared from the Beth Qaṭraye regio... ... Ishoʿyahb
was chosen.
ʿAbdishoʿ bar Brikha’s ‘Catalogue’ credits Aḥob with an ‘Elucidation of the
whole New (Te... ...ḥob with an ‘Elucidation of the
whole New (Testament), of the Pentateuch and all the Prophets, in addition
to (or: except for) an elucidation of the Beth Ma... ...ḥob with an ‘Elucidation of the
whole New (Testament), of the Pentateuch and all the Prophets, in addition
to (or: except for) an elucidation of the Beth Ma... ...ḥob with an ‘Elucidation of the
whole New (Testament), of the Pentateuch and all the Prophets, in addition
to (or: except for) an elucidation of the Beth Ma... ... however.
Fragments of Aḥob were also quoted by
Ibn al-Ṭayyib
(d. 1043) in his biblical commentaries i...
45
Aḥudemmeh
(6th cent.?) [Ch. of E.?] Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ahudemmeh
...or of a grammatical work,
mentioned by
Yoḥannan bar
Zoʿbi
.
...
46
Babai of Nisibis
(6th/7th cent.) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Babai-of-Nisibis
Babai ... of Nisibis
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Babai -of-Nisibis
http://syriaca.org/bibl/76
67
... ...tan Chronicle there was rivalry
between him and
Babai the
Great
, as a result of which he was known a... ...he
Great
, as a result of which he was known as Babai the Small’. His
authorship of a monastic ‘Letter to Cyriacus’,
... ...onastic ‘Letter to Cyriacus’,
transmitted in W.-Syr. mss. and attributed to Babai whom the wicked
Barṣawma
... ... Dadishoʿ
’s ‘Commentary on Abba Isaiah’
(13:18). He was also author of some memre, one being
...
47
Babai the Great
(ca. 551–628) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Babai-the-Great
Babai ... the Great
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Babai -the-Great
http://syriaca.org/bibl/75
66
... ... , the
Ch. of E. was administered jointly by the Archdeacon and Babai , the latter
having the title ‘Visitor of the monasteries’. He died shortly ... ... ’s ‘Gnostic Chapters’ (ed. with GT by Frankenberg, 1912).
Babai also wrote a Commentary on
Mark the
Monk
... ...n the Ascetic Life’ are also unpublished, but there is an ET by G.
Chediath, Babai the Great. Some Useful Counsels on the
Ascetic Life (Moran Etho 15; 200... ...e Great. Some Useful Counsels on the
Ascetic Life (Moran Etho 15; 2001). Babai wrote a set of Rules for
monks, preserved only in Arabic translation (ed. w... ... laïques
, nestoriens [1895; repr.
2007], 424–8) Babai gives a list of his hagiographical works, but of these
only the Life of Mih... ... , Mount
Sinai.
A large number of other works by Babai have not survived (
ʿAbdishoʿ
states that he w...
48
...ut de lettres orientales de Beyrouth 22, 23, and 42; 1965–1968).
(covers all traditions)
... ... M. Immerzeel, Identity puzzles. Medieval
Christian art in Syria and Lebanon ( OLA 84; 2009), esp. 41 and 83.
... ... A. Schmidt and S. Westphalen, Christliche
Wandmalereien in Syrien. Qara und das Kloster Mar Yakub
(Sprachen und Kulturen des Christlichen Orien...
49
List of Patriarchs: I. The Church of the East and its Uniate continuationsContributor:
... the East (Translated from Assyrian into English by Y. A.
Baaba ) (2008). (includes a comparison of different existing lists)
J. F. Coakle... ... Professor Han J. W.
Drijvers, ed. G. J. Reinink and A. C. Klugkist OLA 89; 1999), 65–83. (includes comparative discussion
of two lists, by Yaw... ...
Papa bar
ʿAggai
... bar
ʿAggai
... ...
Shemʿon
bar Ṣabbaʿe
d... ...
Aḥai
410 – 415
... ...
Maʿna
420
...
50
List of Patriarchs: II. The Syriac Orthodox Church and its Uniate continuationsContributor:
...
Severus bar
Mashqo
... ... were two counter-patriarchs: Yuḥanon of Kallinikos and
Dawid of Dara .
... ...
Yuḥanon (VII) bar ʿAbdun
1004 – 1030
... ...
Yuḥanon VIII (IX) bar ʿAbdun
1042 (1048?)... ...
Yuḥanon IX
(X), Ishoʿ bar Shushan
... ...
Athanasios (VII) Abulfaraj bar Kamoro
1090 – 1129
... ...
Athanasios VII (VI) Yeshuʿ bar Qeṭreh
... ...
Michael I Rabo
...
51
List of Patriarchs: III. The Maronite ChurchContributor:
...
Yaʿqub ʿAwad
1705 – 1733
... ...
Shemʿun ʿAwad of Hasrun
1743 – 17...
52
...
Or. oct. 1257:
Abgar the Hagiographer
... ... Sachau 99 (Berlin 56):
Ishoʿ bar Shushan Yuḥanon X
... ... Mingana Syr. 29:
Dawid bar Pawlos
M... ...
Cambridge, UK, University Library
Add . 1700:
New Testament Bible manuscripts
... ...olykarpos
Add .... 1980:
Babai the Great
... ...the Great
Add . 1981:
Yoḥannan Azraq
... ...nan Azraq
Add . 1987:
Ishaʿya of Beth Sbirina
...
53
... Ḥunayn
b. Isḥāq
(d. 873), Abū ... Bishr Mattā b. Yūnus (d. 940),
Yaḥyā b.
ʿAdī ...
(893–974), and
Abū al-Faraj ibn
al-Ṭayyib
(d. 1043), to name but a few (se... al-Faraj ibn
al-Ṭayyib
(d. 1043), to name but a few (se... al-Faraj ibn
al-Ṭayyib
(d. 1043), to name but a few (se... al-Faraj ibn
al-Ṭayyib
(d. 1043), to name but a few (se... ... II (mid-14th cent.) were still consecrated in
Baghdad, but normally resided away from Baghdad in northern Iraq and
(today’s Iranian) Azerbaijan.
...
54
... L. Nordiguian and J.-C. Voisin, Châteaux et
églises du moyen âge au Liban (1999), 367–8.
Y. Sader, Painted Churches and Rock-Cut Chapels
...
55
...ly Greek and Syriac hymns for the consecration of church
buildings’, ARAM 5 (1993), 329–70, esp.
259–67.
R. R. Ph...
56
Bar Bahlul, Ḥasan
(mid-10th cent.) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Lucas
Van Rompay
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Bar-Bahlul-Hasan
Bar ... Bahlul, Ḥasan
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Bar -Bahlul-Hasan
http://syriaca.org/bibl/82
73
... ... http://syriaca.org/bibl/82
73
Ḥasan Bar Bahlul
http://syriaca.org/person/365
person
... ...km. north of
Baghdad
, in the region of Ṭirhan, Bar Bahlul spent most of his life
in Baghdad and belonged to the Christian inte... ...al elite, who interacted
with Muslim scholars and were thoroughly bilingual. Bar Bahlul used both
Syriac and Arabic in his publications. He was involved in ... ...al elite, who interacted
with Muslim scholars and were thoroughly bilingual. Bar Bahlul used both
Syriac and Arabic in his publications. He was involved in ... ...as involved in the election of
Cath. ʿAbdishoʿ I in 963.
Bar Bahlul’s Lexicon (Syr. Leksiqon) deals with
scholarly and technical termino... ...names are included as well. The words are in alphabetical
order, even though Bar Bahlul occasionally groups together Syriac words that
are based on the same...
57
Bar ʿAli, Ishoʿ
ʿĪsā b. ʿAlī, Yashūʿ b. ʿAlī (second half of the 9th cent.) [Ch.
of E.] Contributor:
Aaron M.
Butts
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Bar-Ali-Isho
Bar ʿAli ..., Ishoʿ
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Bar - Ali -Isho
http://syriaca.org/bibl/81
72
... ... http://syriaca.org/bibl/81
72
Ishoʿ Bar ʿAli
ʿĪsā b. ʿAlī
58
Bar ʿEbroyo, Grigorios
Grigorios Abū al-Faraj, Barhebraeus (1225/6–1286) [Syr.
Orth.] Contributor:
Hidemi
Takahashi
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Bar-Ebroyo-Grigorios
Bar ... ʿEbroyo, Grigorios
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Bar -Ebroyo-Grigorios
http://syriaca.org/bibl/83
74
... ...http://syriaca.org/bibl/83
74
Grigorios Bar ʿEbroyo
Abū al-Faraj
Barhebraeus
http://syriaca.org/person/239
... ...c Renaissance of the 12th–13th cent.
Grigorios Abū al-Faraj, Barhebraeus (1225/6–1286) [Syr.
Orth.]
... ... (since 1264) and polymath. Foremost representative of the Syriac Renaissance of the 12th–13th cent. Bar ʿEbroyo was born as
a son of the physician Ahrun in
... ...nds of the Crusaders) and, possibly,
Damascus
, Bar ʿEbroyo was made bp. in 1246 of Gubos and a little
later of Laqabin (both s... ... 1222–52). In the schism
that followed the death of Ignatius III, Bar ʿEbroyo sided at first with
Dionysios ʿAngur (
...
59
Bar ʿEdta, Rabban
(d. 611 or 621) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Lucas
Van Rompay
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Bar-Edta-Rabban
Bar ... ʿEdta, Rabban
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Bar -Edta-Rabban
http://syriaca.org/bibl/84
75
... ... http://syriaca.org/bibl/84
75
Rabban Bar ʿEdta
http://syriaca.org/person/366
person
... ... Abraham of
Kashkar
; monastic leader. Bar ʿEdta is credited with the
foundation of an important monastery, probably i... ...r the river Khāzir. This monastery is said to
have had as many as 400 monks. Bar ʿEdta’s life is known primarily through a
metrical composition by Abraham Z... ...an Bp. ʿAbdishoʿ (who might have
been
ʿAbdishoʿ bar
Bahrīz
, even though it cannot be ruled out tha... ...th-cent. namesake). Abraham mentions as his main source a prose
narrative by Bar ʿEdta’s disciple Yoḥannan the Persian. Bar ʿEdta also
features prominently in
Ishoʿdnaḥ
...
60
... person
Earliest known Syriac author who flourished at the court of King Abgar of
Edessa
.
... ...22)
Earliest known Syriac author. He was active at the court of Abgar VIII
(177–212) in
Edessa
... ... well as in
prose, has to be reconstructed from later hostile sources (above all ,
Ephrem
);
it was evid...
61
Barlaam and JosaphatContributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Barlaam-and-Josaphat
...y
into Syriac, one of which was incorporated by
Bar ʿEbroyo
into his ‘Amusing stories’ (10, no. 3...
62
Barsoum, Murad Ṣaliba
(1912–1996) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
George A.
Kiraz
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Barsoum-Murad-Saliba
...
Sources
Munūfar Barṣūm, Aḍwāʾ ,
127–28.
Unpublished eulogy by J. Tarzi (1996)....
63
Barḥadbshabba ʿArbaya
(late 6th / early 7th cent.) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Adam H.
Becker
Jeff W.
Childers
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Barhadbshabba-Arbaya
...
Adam H.
Becker
and
Jeff W.
Chil...
64
Barṣawma of Nisibis
(d. ca. 491–96) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Adam H.
Becker
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Barsawma-of-Nisibis
...ma explaining his
absence from the Synod of Mar
Aqaq
, held in 486,
which further addressed the issues o... ... which further addressed the issues of clerical marriage.
ʿAbdishoʿ bar
Brikha
is vague about his works, citing variou... ...urces)
Adam
65
Barṣawmo
(d. ca. 458) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
Lucas
Van Rompay
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Barsawmo
...e earliest from the 11th cent.), is doubtful. In his Chronicle,
Michael Rabo
, who was abbot in the monastery named
after Barṣaw...
66
Barṣawmo Ṣafī, Grigorios
(d. 1307/8) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
Hidemi
Takahashi
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Barsawmo-Safi-Grigorios
...//syriaca.org/person/245
person
Younger brother of Grigorios Abū al-Faraj bar ʿEbroyo and
his successor as Maphrian (1288-1307/8).
... al-Faraj bar ʿEbroyo and
his successor as Maphrian (1288-1307/8).
... ... (d. 1307/8) [Syr. Orth.]
Younger brother of Grigorios Abū al-Faraj
Bar ʿEbroyo
and his successor as maphrian (1288–1307/8... ...
and his successor as maphrian (1288–1307/8). Almost
all we know about Barṣawmo comes from his elder brother’s Ecclesiastical
Histor... ...Barṣawmo’s role in the continuation of the building work at the Monastery of
Bar Nagore in
Barṭelle
and the
... ...Barṣawmo’s role in the continuation of the building work at the Monastery of
Bar Nagore in
Barṭelle
and the
...
67
Barṣawmo, Dayro d-Mor
[Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
Hidemi
Takahashi
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Barsawmo-Dayro-d-Mor
...ere to die. After the
large-scale movement of Syr. Orth. Christians into the area around Melitene
in the 10th cent., Patr. Yuḥanon da-Srigteh (965–986) and A... ...ecorded as having died in Dayro d-Mor Barṣawmo,
and was succeeded by Yuḥanon bar ʿAbdun (1004–31), a monk of that monastery.
Patr. Dionysios IV (1032–42) wa... ...Among
the patriarchs from that period, Basilios III (1074–75) and Athanasios bar
Kamore (1091–1129) were monks of Mor Barṣawmo. It is reported that measures... ... in 1148 and the synod held there in 1155 under Athanasios
VI bar Qeṭreh (1138/9–66). The monastery saw its heyday under Patr.
... .... The monastery saw its heyday under Patr.
Michael I Rabo
(1166–99), who had been its abbot before his
elect... ...astery, spent much of his patriarchate in
Armenian and Frankish territory at Qalʿa Rumoyto (Hromklay, Rum Kale) and
Antioch
... ...he monastery and was joined there for a time
by
Bar ʿEbroyo
, who was to revisit the monastery as
maphr... ...f the monastery with its abbot
Yaʿqub and his influential brother Shemʿun of Qalʿa Rumoyto. His successor
Philoxenos Nemrod (1283–92), a nephew of Shemʿun and...
68
... Barṣawmo Ṣafī
, the brother of
Bar ʿEbroyo
,
who died in Barṭelle in 1307/8 and Grigor... ...mal fount dated to 1342/43, currently in
the church of Mart Shmuni. In 1284, Bar ʿEbroyo built in Barṭelle a
monastery dedicated to the martyrs John son of ...
69
Baselios Gewargis
(d. 1748) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
George A.
Kiraz
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Baselios-Gewargis
...n
Aleppo
to Ibrāhīm b.
ʿAbd al-Nūr and Naslikhan. He became a monk in 1701, and was later ordained
prie... ... bp.
Bp.
ʿAbd al- Aḥad of
Jerusalem
, and
... al- Aḥad of
Jerusalem
, and
...
70
Basil of Caesarea
(ca. 330–379) Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Basil-of-Caesarea
... ,
and
(independently) M. Albert, in ARAM 5 (1993), 33–64;
and Letter 160, by A. Vööbus, in The Synodicon in the West... ... 179–91. b. 6 letters, one of which, addressed to the
Monastery of Tell ʿAda
, has been edited by M. Albert, in After Bardaisan, ed. Reinink and Klugkis... ... , has been edited by M. Albert, in After Bardaisan, ed. Reinink and Klugkist OLA 89),
11–22. c. A narrative poem, clearly composed in Syriac, on the biblica... .... Brock, ‘Traduzioni siriache degli scritti di Basilio’, in
Basilio tra Oriente e Occidente, ed. E.
Baudry et al. (2001), 165–80. (contains det...
71
Bedjan, Paul
(1838–1920) [Chald.] Contributor:
Heleen L.
Murre-van den Berg
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Bedjan-Paul
... Saints’ Lives, the History of Mar Yahbalaha, and works of
Bar ʿEbroyo
,
Toma of
Marg...
72
Behnam, Dayro d-Mor
Monastery of St. Behnam [formerly Syr. Orth., now Syr.
Cath.] Contributor:
Bas
Snelders
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Behnam-Dayro-d-Mor
...Monastery of the Pit’.
According to the legend of Mor Behnam (ed. P. Bedjan, AMS , vol. II, 397–441), the monastery was built in the 4th cent.
on the site of... ... preserved in a Syr. Orth.
ms. (London, Brit.
Libr. Add . 12,174), which was copied in 1197 for
Dayro d-Mor
... ... note by Patr.
Michael I
Rabo
.
Whatever the exact nature of the restoration work exe... ... 1259.
Obviously benefiting from the economic and cultural boom in the Mosul area
during this period, the interior and exterior of the church were both
... ...ading Mongol
army of Khan Baidu. The abbot of the monastery was subsequently able ... to
persuade Baidu not only to return all the stolen objects, but even to make a
donation, which was apparently used ... ... to
persuade Baidu not only to return all the stolen objects, but even to make a
donation, which was apparently used ... ... to
persuade Baidu not only to return all the stolen objects, but even to make a
donation, which was apparently used ...
73
...tance. Medieval
Syr. Orth. authors like
Michael Rabo
and
Bar ʿEbroyo
support these claims. The monastery
appare... ...destroyed Beirut entirely,
including its famous Law School, although Michael Rabo in his Chronicle
describes the effects of the earthquake without mentioning... ...nonymous Rhenan pilgrim in 1098. It is there, the pilgrim
affirms, that long ago Saint George killed the dragon. Under the Ottomans in
the 16th cent., the M... ... in the center of Beirut. The Maronite see of Beirut was
built by Bp. Tubiyā ʿAwn (1844–71) near the cathedral, and his successor
... ...
Secondary Sources
T. Abī ʿĀd, ‘Abrašiyat Bayrūt’, al-Manāra 1.2 (1992), 91–108.
Fiey, Pour un Or...
74
Bello, Estipān
(1910–1989) [Chald.] Contributor:
George A.
Kiraz
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Bello-Estipan
... of Jūnā Mīkhā Ballo and Teresa Mīkhā Sāko and given the
baptismal name ʿAbd al- Aḥad (he is somewhat related to the family of Patr.
... al- Aḥad (he is somewhat related to the family of Patr.
... ... Hormisdas et l’Église chaldéenne dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle OCA 122; 1939), he translated
from Italian into Syriac a small book titled l-ʾa... ... ʾurḥā da-gmirā (Mosul, 1957). He also wrote a chronicle titled ṭebe yawmāye (ms.) and a book titled ktābā d-purrāse (ms.).
Sources
... ...
Sources
Abūna , Adab , 514–5.
Macuch, Geschichte, 416.
...
75
Benjamin of Edessa
(first half of the 9th cent.) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
Lucas
Van Rompay
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Benjamin-of-Edessa
... life he was found teaching at the monasteries of Eusebona (833/4) and Tell
ʿAda (836/7, when in his capacity of Rabban d-dogma,
‘professor of dogma’, he wa... ... mention him in their
colophons. One of them was Daniel (see ms. Brit. Libr. Add . 14,725; Wright,
Catalogue … British Museum, vol. 2, 442). An
... ... ‘according to the tradition’ (mašlmonutho) of
Mar Benjamin (ms. Brit. Libr. Add . 17,197; Wright, Catalogue … British Museum, vol. 2, 441a).
While the W.-Syr. i... ...h the exception of a quotation by
Dionysios
bar ... Ṣalibi
, mentioned by Barsoum),
Bar Bahlul
knows a certain Benjamin, dayroyo or iḥidoy... ... attributes a commentary on Dionysius (ed. Duval, 475.9–10 and 1383.6–7). In
all likelihood we are dealing with the same person. (This Benjamin is
clearly t... ...s (ʿellotho) for the Eucharist and baptism’, is preserved in ms.
Brit. Libr. Add . 14,538, f. 38v (Wright, vol. 2, 1004b). It is
unedited.
...
76
... Nagran in S. Arabia); 6. Peruz Shapur, later known as
al Anbār
. The
‘ Arab ’ dioceses emerged under Abbasid rule. They include: 1. al-Qaṣr,
between Ba... ...the Aramaic
language and ethnicity in general).
Bar
Bahlul
, in his Lexicon, quotes some peculiar forms... ...substitute for ‘Aramaic’. This occurs,
e.g., in
Ibn
al-Ṭayyib
’s ‘Paradise of Christianity’ (commenting... ... (commenting on the first
language of the world) and in a related passage in Ibn al-Nadīm’s Fihrist (Fiey 1990, 83–84; cf. K. Samir, ‘Théodore de
Mopsueste ... ...LM
90
[1977], 355–63).
Bar ʿEbroyo
, in his Mukhtaṣar, is aware that the Aramaic language (nabṭiyya) o...
77
... http://syriaca.org/bibl/108
99
Bā -jarmā
http://syriaca.org/place/33
place
... ...
place
An ecclesiastical province confined between the Lower Zab northward, the
Tigris
westward, the Diyālā rive... ...ns of Ḥimrīn
eastward.
Bā ...-jarmā
An ecclesiastical province confined between the Lower Zab northward, the
Tigris westward, the Diyālā river southward, and the mountai... ... 3rd cent.,
if not earlier, having its center possibly at Shahr-gird, but in any case it
was made so at the synod of 410. The earliest three bishops of Kark...
78
Beth Lapaṭ
Gondeshapur, Jundi-Shapur Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Beth-Lapat
...in the list of metropolitan sees,
and later
Mar Aba
specifies that he should preside
over the election... ... of Gewargis, of the Bokhtishoʿ family (see
Gabriel bar
Bokhtishoʿ
) in Beth Lapaṭ, to be his physician... ... N. Abbott, ‘Jundi-Shapur: A preliminary historical sketch’,
Ars Orientalis 7 (1968), 53–73.
J.-M. Fiey, ‘L’Elam, la première des métropoles... ... ein
eine
Medizinschule aus dem 6. Jh. nach
Chr.’, Gesnerus 36 (1979), 98–115.
... ... H. H. Schoffler, Die Akademie von Gondischapur.
Aristoteles auf dem Wege in den Orient (1980).
A. Siassi, ‘L’université de Gond-i Shapur e...
79
Beth Nuhadra
Ba-nuhadra, Benuhadra, Ba-hadra Contributor:
Amir
Harrak
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Beth-Nuhadra
... http://syriaca.org/bibl/110
101
Ba -nuhadra
Benuhadra
Ba -hadra
http://syriaca.org/place/36
place
... ...ishopric, extending from the small Khabur river to the Tigris, including the
area ... of modern Zakho and part of Dehok.
Ba -nuhadra, Benuhadra, Ba -hadra
An E.-Syr. bishopric seat the heartland of which was the... -nuhadra, Benuhadra, Ba -hadra
An E.-Syr. bishopric seat the heartland of which was the... ...he region extending
from the small Khabur river to the Tigris, including the area of modern
Zakho and part of Dehok. Administratively, it was under the juris... ... , a more or
less triangular region confined between the Tigris, the Upper Zab , the
Khāzir, and the Gomal. After the expansion of the Syr. Orth. community...
80
...rt commentary attributed to
Abraham Qaṭraya
bar Lipeh
. Another biblical interpreter frequently quoted in later
... ... works, esp. in biblical commentaries and in the Lexicon of
Bar
Bahlul
. Some of these glosses are attributed to th... ... 171–96.
S. P. Brock, ‘Syriac writers from Beth Qaṭraye’, ARAM 11–12 (1999–2000), 85–96.
S.... ... S. Brock
idem
, ‘From Qatar to Tokyo, by way of Mar Saba ’, ARAM 11–12 (1999/2000), 475–84.
R. A. Carter, ‘Christianity in the Gulf during ... ... Carter, ‘Christianity in the Gulf during the first centuries of
Islam’, Arab Archaeology and Epigraphy 19
(2008), 71–108.
R.... ...98–1968), 209–19.
J. F. Healey, ‘The Christians of Qatar in the 7th century A.D .’, in Studies in Honour of
C. E. Bosworth, ed. I. R. Netton, vol. 1...
81
Beth ʿAbe, Monastery ofContributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Beth-Abe-Monastery-of
Beth ʿAbe ..., Monastery of
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Beth Abe -Monastery-of
http://syriaca.org/bibl/105
96
... ...riaca.org/bibl/105
96
Monastery of Beth ʿAbe
http://syriaca.org/place/223
place
Famo... ...b had been banished from the Great
Monastery by
Babai
for countenancing what Babai
regarded as monastic laxity. The monastery that Yaʿqub founded was evidentl... ...Yaʿqub founded was evidently
near the village of Kherpa, to the northwest of ʿAqra (thus Fiey, against
Budge); it must have been in or near an earlier inhabit... ... Budge); it must have been in or near an earlier inhabited site named Beth
ʿAbe (thus Fiey, against
Budge); it must have been in or near an earlier inhabit... ... Budge); it must have been in or near an earlier inhabited site named Beth
ʿAqra (thus Fiey, against
Budge); it must have been in or near an earlier inhabit...
82
Beulay, Robert
(1927–2007) Contributor:
Mary T.
Hansbury
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Beulay-Robert
...thesis Beulay had to assemble copies of mss., including the Arabic
version — all of this in Baghdad far from western libraries. In addition to
Yoḥannan of D... ...urned permanently to France in
2004, for health reasons, his students exiled all over the world kept in
touch. He died in 2007 in Normandy and was buried in... ...1974), 1341–49.
‘Précisions touchant l’identité et la biographie de Jean Saba de
Dalyatha’,
ParOr
... ...ientale 53; 1992).
‘De l’émerveillement à l’extase: Jean de Dalyatha et Abou Saʿid
al-Kharraz’, in Youakim Moubarac. Dossier
...
83
...t is in the hands of the
Syrians everywhere’ as
Bar ʿEbroyo
had to conclude in
the introduction to his... ...ons’ (Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings, Proverbs, Qohelet, Ruth,
Song of Songs, Bar Sira, and Job; especially in the E.-Syr. tradition).
Differences between th... ...41–71.
Bas
84
Bible, New Testament manuscriptsContributor:
Andreas
Juckel
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Bible-New-Testament-manuscripts
...cribed
to
Dionysios
bar Ṣalibi
according to a subscription in ms. Oxford, New Coll.
...
85
Bible, Old Testament manuscriptsContributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Bible-Old-Testament-manuscripts
...t of Isaiah (5ph1
in the Leiden Peshitta edition; 459/60), and a Pentateuch 5b1 ; 463/4). Of
the ca. 50 Peshitta
mss. dating from before... ...with the entire OT (8a1, 12a1). Bilingual mss. are also very rare and almost
all are Syriac with Arabic; an exceptional case is a pentaglot Psalter,
Syriac ... ...iothèque Nationale, syr. 341. Eine frühchristliche
Bilderhandschrift aus dem 6. Jahrhundert (1991). (=
8a1)
W. van Peu...
86
... themselves. One might refer to the ‘Catalogue of Books’ by
ʿAbdishoʿ bar
Brikha
(d. 1318), a poem listing all Syriac au... ...
(Den Biesen
2002) and
Bar ʿEbroyo
(Takahashi 2005), or the more
limited ones...
87
Bidāry, Pawlos
(1887/1890–1974) [Chald.] Contributor:
George A.
Kiraz
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Bidary-Pawlos
...
Sources
Abūna , Adab , 511–2.
Macuch, Geschichte, 414–5.
...
88
Bnay Qyāmā,
Bnāt Qyāmā
bar qyāmā,
ba(r)t qyāmā
... 110
Bnāt Qyāmā Bnay Qyāmā
bar qyāmā
ba (r)t qyāmā
org
Terms for a committed community of ascetic in... ... to
the present.
sing. bar qyāmā, ba (r)t
qyāmā
Terms for a... ... some see the concept of ‘taking a
stand’ or ‘covenant’ to have developed. A bar / ba (r)t
qyāmā is a ‘son/daughter of the covenant’ or ‘covenanter’ (see
... / ba (r)t
qyāmā is a ‘son/daughter of the covenant’ or ‘covenanter’ (see
... ... iḥidāyā
‘solitary, single’, as a synonym for bar
89
...rse. Along with
Christianity, there were local pagan cults, Judaism, and, in all likelihood,
Manichaeism. One of Bostra’s famous bishops,
... ...at is
preserved in the earliest dated Syriac ms. of 411 (London, Brit. Libr. Add .
12,150), written in
Edessa
... ...rated in the 6th cent.
Bostra, which must have had a strong Arab component throughout its history,
fell to the Arabs in 635. It is in Bostra... ...
Sources
A. Abel ,
‘Boṣrā
(Bostra)’, in EI
...
90
Braun, Oskar
(1862–1931) Contributor:
Lucas
Van Rompay
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Braun-Oskar
...work for his doctoral dissertation on
Mushe bar Kipho
’s ‘Book of the Soul’, a German translation of
... ... e.g.
e.g.,
on
Papa
,
Barṣawma of
Nisi... ...2). Chabot primarily based his work on the same Roman mss. as Braun, but
was able to obtain a second late 19th-cent. copy of the Alqosh ms. Even in
the light... ... Select publications by Braun
Moses bar Kepha und sein Buch von der
Seele (1891).
... ...n†’, Literarische
Beilage der Augsburger Postzeitung, No. 34 (26 Aug .
1931). (biography)
...
91
British Orthodox ChurchContributor:
James F.
Coakley
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/British-Orthodox-Church
... consecrated by Mar Basilius (Luis Mariane Soares) a bp. of the Ch. of E. in India in 1902. All these consecrations were irregular
and in later years neither of the church... ... P. F. Anson, Bishops at large
(1964).
Abba Seraphim, Flesh of our
brethren (2006).
...
92
Brockelmann, Carl
(1868–1956) Contributor:
Hubert
Kaufhold
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Brockelmann-Carl
... ‘Autobiographische Aufzeichnungen und Erinnerungen von C. B.,
als Manuskript hrsg. von Rudolf Sellheim’, Oriens 27–28 (1981), 1–65. (with photograph)
... ... 108
(1958), 1–13. (also published as ‘C. B. als Orientalist’, Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der
Martin-Luther-Unive...
93
Cardahi, Gabriel
Gabriʾel Qardaḥe, Jibrāʾīl al-Qardāḥī (1845–1931) [Maron.] Contributor:
Lucas
Van Rompay
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Cardahi-Gabriel
... Alqosh
, and
Khamis bar
Qardaḥe
, Cardahi’s preliminary and fragmentary... ...riac texts: the
‘Paradise of Eden’ by
ʿAbdishoʿ bar
Brikha
(Beirut, 1889) and the ‘Book of the Dov... ...a
(Beirut, 1889) and the ‘Book of the Dove’ by
Bar ʿEbroyo
(Rome, 1898 — the same year in which the
s... ... (1889).
Abulfaragii Gregorii Bar -Hebraei Mafriani
Orientis Kithâbhâ dhiyaunâ, seu Liber columbae...
94
Cause of Causes
(10th–12th cent.?) Contributor:
Alessandro
Mengozzi
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Cause-of-Causes
...xegetical works (Yaʿqub of Edessa and
Mushe
bar Kipho
) and motifs and themes of mystical-ascetical literature.
... ...h as the Melk.
Theodoros
Abū Qurra
, 9th cent., and the Syr. Orth.
... ... , 9th cent., and the Syr. Orth.
Yaḥyā b. ʿAdī
,
10th cent.) and aims at strengthening the faith o... ...n der Erkenntniss der
Wahrheit, oder, der Ursache aller Ursachen aus dem syrischen
Grundtext ins Deutsche übersetzt (1893).
... ...dentity and the systematisation of
knowledge in the Syriac “Cause of all causes” ’, in Pre-Modern Encyclopaedic Texts. Proceedings of the
...
95
Cave of Treasures
Contributor:
Clemens
Leonhard
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Cave-of-Treasures
Mʿarrat Gazze
... Treasures (1927). (ET according to ms. London, Brit.
Libr. Add . 25,875 ff. 3b–50b)
J.-P. Mahé, La Caverne des
... ... 9 (2001),
251–71.
A. Toepel, Die Adam - und Seth-Legenden im
syrischen “Buch der Schatzhöhle” (CSCO 61...
96
Chabot, Jean-Baptiste
(1860–1947) Contributor:
Françoise
Briquel-Chatonnet
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Chabot-Jean-Baptiste
... Gospels by
Dionysios
bar Ṣalibi
). A member of the Académie des Inscriptions et
...
97
Chaldean Syrian ChurchContributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Chaldean-Syrian-Church
...l of the Portuguese, once a Latin Catholic hierarchy had been
established in Goa , the indigenous Christians came to be viewed as heretical
Nestorians who we... ...the end of the 16th cent. the
Portuguese authorities had effectively cut off all connections with the Ch.
of E. in the Middle East, although in the early 1... ...ly 18th cent. two bishops of
the Ch. of E. who had become Chald. (Shemʿon of ʿAda , d. 1720; and Gabriel,
d. 1731) came to India where they caused considerabl... ...nting (in 1982) of Timotheos I’s
Letters (1–38), left ready by Darmo, hardly any further Syriac texts were
published, apart from offset reproductions.
...
98
...place
One of the centers of the Assyrian diaspora in the
USA .
One of the centers of t... ... One of the centers of the Assyrian
diaspora in the
USA . The first Assyrians in Chicago in the 1890s were young men who had
attende...
99
China, Syriac Christianity inContributor:
Hidemi
Takahashi
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/China-Syriac-Christianity-in
... the apostle of China, which appears in such E.-Syr. sources as
Ibn
al-Ṭayyib
’s Fiqh al-naṣrāniyya (VI.1.41,
... ...41,
ed. Hoenerbach-Spies II.138.7–8),
ʿAbdishoʿ bar
Brikha
’s Nomocanon (IX.1, ed. Mai 317a
... ...omocanon VIII.15, ed. Mai 304a 20–21) which
credits the Ch. of E. Catholicoi Aḥai (410–414) and Shila (503–523) with the
erection of a metropolitan see for C... ...of a metropolitan see for China. ʿAbdishoʿ himself gives the credit
to Ṣliba Zka (714–28), while Ishoʿyahb (probably
Ishoʿyahb III
... ...of a metropolitan see for China. ʿAbdishoʿ himself gives the credit
to Ṣliba Zka (714–28), while Ishoʿyahb (probably
Ishoʿyahb III
... ...of a metropolitan see for China. ʿAbdishoʿ himself gives the credit
to Ṣliba Zka (714–28), while Ishoʿyahb (probably
Ishoʿyahb III
... ...of a metropolitan see for China. ʿAbdishoʿ himself gives the credit
to Ṣliba Zka (714–28), while Ishoʿyahb (probably
Ishoʿyahb III
... ...
Ishoʿyahb III
[649–59]) is given the honor by Ibn al-Ṭayyib (Fiqh al-naṣrāniyya VI.1.16, ed. Hoenerbach-Spies
II.121.4–5). Th...
100
Chronicle of 1234
Edessene Chronicle [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
Jan J.
van Ginkel
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Chronicle-of-1234
...l author was a younger contemporary of Patr.
Michael Rabo
(1166–99) and in 1173 was present at the patriarchal
...
101
Chronicle of Edessa
(mid-6th cent.) Contributor:
Lucas
Van Rompay
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Chronicle-of-Edessa
...a
(nos. 51 and 59) and
Hiba
(nos. 59, 60, 64,
and 68), to the 449 Council of E... ...ved much attention in modern
scholarship. The Chronicle’s extreme paucity of data on Christianity in
Edessa prior to the beginning of the 4th cent.
... ... It was only
in the 4th cent., in his view, that ‘orthodox’ Christianity was able to
assert itself and to oppress ‘non-orthodox’ groups, whose literary histo... ...ely erased. In addition,
scholars have noted the absence in the Chronicle of any reference to the
conversion of the Abgarids or to the mission of Addai. Thi... ...ely erased. In addition,
scholars have noted the absence in the Chronicle of any reference to the
conversion of the Abgarids or to the mission of Addai. Thi... ...ely erased. In addition,
scholars have noted the absence in the Chronicle of any reference to the
conversion of the Abgarids or to the mission of Addai. Thi...
102
... Nisibis
(d. 1046) and
Michael Rabo
(d.
1199). The Chronicle of
... ...d in Chronicle of
1234 (see below) and in the Chronicle of Patr. Michael Rabo . The
latter massive Chronicle is divided into three parts in three columns,... ... and religious histories in two columns and various events in
the third one, all up to the year 1195. The chronicle was translated into
Armenian and Arabic,... ...onymous Chronicle of 1234 and the Chronicle
of
Bar ʿEbroyo
(d. 1286), both divided into two
rather t... ... rather than three parts, covering secular and ecclesiastical histories. In
Bar ʿEbroyo’s Chronicle, secular history begins with the creation of the
world ... ...ical history starts with Aaron and subsequent high priests; in the
Christian era the chronicler concentrates on the patriarchs of
Antioch
... ...ical history starts with Aaron and subsequent high priests; in the
Christian era the chronicler concentrates on the patriarchs of
Antioch
... ...do-Dionysius of Tel-Maḥrē: A Study in the History of
Historiography Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Studia
Semitica Upsaliensia 7; 1987).
...
103
Clement of Rome and Pseudo-Clementine literature
Jeff W.
Childers
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Clement-of-Rome-and-Pseudo-Clementine-literature
... CPG
1015 (4–5), 1016.
P. Bedjan, Acta Martyrum et
Sanctorum (1896), vol. 6, 1–17. (epitome, Syr.)
...
104
...ation, and the name(s) of the
reigning hierarchs. For the date, the Seleucid era is normally used (to find
the AD equivalent, subtract 311, or if the month ... ... sometimes also used, and Melkite
mss. frequently employ the Byzantine World Era (subtract 5508, or if
Sep.–Dec., 5509). Other eras (
... ... Ascension) are only rarely found.
From the 17th cent. onwards the Christian era is also employed, sometimes in
conjunction with the Seleucid (which continu... ...leucid (which continued in use well into the 20th
cent.). In India the Kulam era (beginning AD 825) is sometimes used. Dates
given (sometimes including the ... ...al ones. In order to discourage
unauthorized removal of a ms. dire curses on any would-be culprit may be
provided. Further information of a purely historica... ... OC
76 [1992], 85–7).
The oldest dated Christian ms. in any language is Brit. Libr. Add . 12,150,
whose colophon states that it was written in Edessa and completed ... ...ten in Edessa and completed in Nov.
411. A number of formulaic features are apt to reappear, such as the
comparison of the scribe reaching his last line wi...
105
Coptic Christianity, Syriac contacts withContributor:
Lucas
Van Rompay
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Coptic-Christianity-Syriac-contacts-with
...ng evidence of the
immediate coexistence of Coptic and Manichean Syr. (or at any rate an
Aramaic dialect, very close to Syr. in both language and script). T... ...s were divided between Chalcedonians and anti-Chalcedonians, the
latter were able in the course of the 6th cent. to build a church structure
that became the ... ...f Alexandria, arguing that in
times of oppression the two Churches needed to act as one. Severus won for
himself lasting authority in both the Syr. and the ... ...o be
used within the individual churches.
The absence of any dogmatic barrier made it possible for Syr. Christians to
fully integrate in... ... such as the Monastery of Mar
Michael, in Upper Egypt, where ms. Brit. Libr. Add . 14,582 was produced in
816; an unnamed monastery in the Thebais where in 8... ...16; an unnamed monastery in the Thebais where in 822/23 the monk Ahron,
from Dara ...16; an unnamed monastery in the Thebais where in 822/23 the monk Ahron,
from Dara , produced ms. Brit. Libr. Add . 14,623 (reusing a 6th-cent. ms.
that contained
...
106
Cyril of Jerusalem
(ca. 315–387) Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Cyril-of-Jerusalem
...on of the
Cross, ed. with ET, J. F. Coakley, in
AB
102 (1984),
71–84; and 2. on the attempted rebuild...
107
Dabbūs, Antoine
(1916–1983) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
George A.
Kiraz
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Dabbus-Antoine
... . He was the principal
of the ʿĀmūda school, taught in Raʾs al ʿAyn , and co-founded a school in his
village.
He wrote for a... ...f poems. He translated from Arabic Muʾayyid al-Dīn
al-Ṭaghraʾī’s Lāmiyyat al ʿajam (published in Munūfar
Barṣūm), a short poem by Rabindranath Tagore (1861–19... ...
Sources
Abūna , Adab ..., 574.
Macuch, Geschichte, 456.
Munūfar Barṣūm, Aḍwāʾ , 93–8.
...
108
Dadishoʿ Qaṭraya
(late 7th cent.) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Dadisho-Qatraya
...rvives), Arabic, and Ethiopic. There is also a fragment of his
Commentary on Abba Isaiah in Sogdian.
... ...s cincos tratados sobre
la quietud (shelya) de Dadishoʿ Qatraya Aula Orientalis
Supplement 18; 2001). (Syr.)
... ... L. Abramowski, ‘Dadisho Qatraya and his Commentary on the Book of
Abbas Isaiah’, Harp 4 (1991),
67–83.
R. A. K... ... 67–83.
R. A. Kitchen, ‘Dadisho Qatraya’s Commenatry on Abba Isaiah: the
Apophthegmata Patrum connection’,
... ...n the Paradise
of the Fathers’,
AB
112 (1994),
33–64.
...
109
...later periods, Damascus was
the most important city in the Bilād al-Shām, an area covering what is today
the southern part of Syria, as well as Lebanon, Pale... ...ital of the province of
al-Shām. Damascus is today the capital of the Syrian Arab Republic, with a
population of ca. 1.6 million (2.7 million in the conurbat... ...ital of the province of
al-Shām. Damascus is today the capital of the Syrian Arab Republic, with a
population of ca. 1.6 million (2.7 million in the conurbat... ... Jerusalem
.
Gregory (Cyril) ʿAṭāʾ Allāh, whose activities in India triggered the Coonan
Cross Oath of 1653 (s... ...ether with his son
Sergios, of several works of
Bar ʿEbroyo
. Among the
Syr. Orth. bishops of Damascus ... ...Allāh al-Ṣadadī (1754–82), the translator of the Chronicle of
Michael I Rabo
into Arabic in 1759.
The Syr. Orth. patriarchate was t... ...
Fifteen churches were left to the Christians in Damascus after the Arab ...
conquest, among them a ‘Jacobite church’ and a ‘church of the ʿIbād ’,
i.e.
i.e.,
...
110
Danhash, George
(1921–1969) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
George A.
Kiraz
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Danhash-George
... Isḥāq Armalah
and
ʿAbd
al-Masīḥ Qarabashī
. He taught in the Syr. Orth... ... rḥimto was published with musical notation by
Gabriel Asʿad
(Aleppo, 1935).
... ...
Sources
Munūfar Barṣūm, Aḍwāʾ , 35–8,
63–4.
...
111
Daniel bar Maryam
(7th cent.) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Lucas
Van Rompay
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Daniel-bar-Maryam
Daniel bar ... Maryam
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Daniel bar -Maryam
http://syriaca.org/bibl/160
151
... ... 7th-cent. historians whose works have not been
preserved, Eliya of Merv and Bar Sahde). Daniel’s Ecclesiastical History is
mentioned by
... ...cclesiastical History is
mentioned by
ʿAbdishoʿ bar
Brikha
, along with a work dealing with chronol... ... work dealing with chronology (which is not
otherwise known). Perhaps Daniel bar ... Maryam is the same person as
Daniel bar Ṭubanitha
.
Sources
... ...
Sources
E. Degen, ‘Daniel bar Maryam. Ein nestorianischer
Kirchenhistoriker’,
... ...
45–80.
eadem, ‘Die Kirchengeschichte des Daniel bar Maryam — eine Quelle der
Chronik von Seʿert?’
...
112
Daniel bar Ṭubanitha
(7th cent.?) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Lucas
Van Rompay
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Daniel-bar-Tubanitha
Daniel bar ... Ṭubanitha
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Daniel bar -Tubanitha
http://syriaca.org/bibl/161
152
... ...Garmai
).
ʿAbdishoʿ bar
Brikha
attributes several works to him: a ‘Boo... ...shortly
after, the time of Isḥaq, possibly in the 7th cent. Moreover, Daniel bar
Ṭubanitha, with his full name, is mentioned a number of times in the later
... ... work is ever provided.
The question arises whether Daniel bar Ṭubanitha might be the same person as
Dani... ...ubanitha might be the same person as
Daniel bar
Maryam
— Ṭubanitha ‘the blessed one’
... ... et d’histoire ancienne 4 (1896), 252–57, esp. 257.
E. Degen, ‘Daniel bar Maryam. Ein nestorianischer
Kirchenhistoriker’,
...
113
Daniel of Mardin
(1327 – after 1382) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Daniel-of-Mardin
...adings (listed in Assemani, BibOr II, 463), resumés of various works by
Bar ʿEbroyo
, and two theological works; he was also
th... ... , and two theological works; he was also
the copyist of some of Bar ʿEbroyo’s works (Takahashi, 491). His only
surviving work in Syriac is an a... ...ngana Syr. 306. His Arabic works sometimes give the author’s name as
‘Daniel ibn al-Khaṭṭāb (or al-Ḥaṭṭāb in Mingana ms. Chr. Ar. 100) of
Mardin’; this is u... .... 100) of
Mardin’; this is usually thought to be a confusion with the Daniel bar ...
Ḥaṭṭāb to whom
Khamis bar
Qardaḥe
addressed a question incorporated into... ... Qardaḥe
addressed a question incorporated into a poem by Bar
ʿEbroyo (A. Scebabi, Gregorii Hebraei Carmina [1877],
... ...gorii Hebraei Carmina [1877],
153–4), whence it has been deduced that Daniel bar ... Khaṭṭāb was a younger
contemporary of Bar ʿEbroyo. This assumes that the question and answer are
not (as would seem m...
114
Daniel of Ṣalaḥ
(fl. mid-6th cent.) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
David G. K.
Taylor
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Daniel-of-Salah
... Apamea
(the modern twin villages of Kefr and Bara ). Abbot Yuḥanon is listed in the
Chronicle of
... ...t Yuḥanon is listed in the
Chronicle of
Michael Rabo
(IX.14) amongst those
condemned for their oppositi... ... of Ephesus was produced by one
of his monks in 535 (ms. London, Brit. Libr. Add . 14,530). By 567, however,
Yuḥanon had disappeared from the scene, for one ... ...n
(southeast Turkey), and this has been followed by all subsequent western
scholars. In the present Syr. Orth. monastery of Ṣalaḥ, ... ...tr. Ignatius Afram Barsoum who instead links Daniel to Ṣaliḥiye (near
modern Abū Kāmāl in Syria) on the left bank of the Euphrates just south of
ancient
... ...
Yaʿqub Burdʿoyo
, and neither has any ... later reference to his
episcopacy yet been found in any source other than the mss. of his Psalm
Commentary.
Dan... ... later reference to his
episcopacy yet been found in any source other than the mss. of his Psalm
Commentary.
Dan...
115
Daoud, Francis
(1870–1939) [Chald.] Contributor:
George A.
Kiraz
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Daoud-Francis
...hn
. He was ordained a priest in 1893 by Patr.
Eliya ʿAbū al-Yūnān, and in 1910 was consecrated bp. for al-ʿAmadiyya by
Patr. Emmanue... ...
Sources
Abūna , Adab , 507.
Macuch, Geschichte, 412.
...
116
Dawid Puniqoyo
Dāwūd al-Ḥimṣī (ca. 1431 – ca. 1500) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
Aaron M.
Butts
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Dawid-Puniqoyo
...th cent. According to traditional biographical sources, he was born Dawid
b. ʿAbd al-Karīm b. Ṣalāḥ in al-Qaryatayn in 1431. At a young age , he moved
to
Ḥimṣ
,
... ...f Ṣalaḥ
,
Dionysios
bar ... Ṣalibi
, and
Bar ʿEbroyo
. Dawid also
composed a number of poetic wo... ...
Sources
Abūna , Adab , 582–4.
Barsoum, Scattered pearls, 503–5.
A. M. Bu... ... (incl. further references)
H. Kaufhold, ‘Notizen über das Moseskloster bei Nabk und das
Julianskloster bei Qaryatain in Syrien’,
... ...yr.), 40–2 (LT).
A. Vööbus, ‘Die Entdeckung des Psalmenkommentars des Dawid bar
117
Dawid bar Pawlos
(8th/9th cent.) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Dawid-bar-Pawlos
Dawid bar ... Pawlos
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Dawid bar -Pawlos
http://syriaca.org/bibl/167
158
... ...he alphabet (ed. Gottheil), a commentary on
Genesis 10 (in ms. British Libr. Add . 14,620; incomplete) and a dialogue
with a Melkite on the Trisagion (excerp... ...
)
F. H. Dolapönu (Dolabani), Egroteh d-Dawid bar
Pawlos d-metidaʿ d-Bet Rabban (1953).
R. G... ...y a philosopher’,
with ET)
R. Gottheil, ‘Dawidh bar Paulos, a Syriac grammarian’,
JAOS
15... ... idem
, ‘A midrashic poem on the alphabet, attributed to David bar
Paul’,
ZA
... ... ZA
8 (1893), 86–99.
ʿAbd al-Masīḥ Nuʿmān d-Qarahbash, Esrin wa-tren
mimrin d-ḥekmto d-simin ... ...ān d-Qarahbash, Esrin wa-tren
mimrin d-ḥekmto d-simin l-mor(y) David bar Pawlos d-Bet Rabban
(837†) (1980). (previously published in E. J. M...
118
Denḥa
(9th cent.?) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Stephen D.
Ryan , O.P.
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Denha
...thor of a commentary on the Psalms. On the basis of remarks by
Yoḥannan bar Zoʿbi
, Wright and Baumstark identify Denḥa as a
di... ...Baumstark identify Denḥa as a
disciple of
Ishoʿ bar Nun
,
placing him in the first half of the 9th cent... ... Nathniel of
Sirzor
(ca. 600), and one of Ishoʿ bar Nun’s ‘Selected Questions’
(dealing with Ps. 119). The commentary appears t... ...y
Dionysios
bar ... Ṣalibi
(factual commentary) and
Bar
ʿEbroyo
. A few extracts of the Denḥa-Grigor c...
119
Diamper, Synod of
(20–27 June 1599) Contributor:
Hidemi
Takahashi
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Diamper-Synod-of
...sited (Kanonika 9; 2001).
I. Perczel, ‘Have the flames of Diamper destroyed all the old
manuscripts of the Saint Thomas Christians?’
... ... 20 (2006), 87–104.
J. Thaliath, The Synod of Diamper OCA
152; 1958, repr. Bangalore, 1999).
J. Thekkedat... ...ch Syromalabaren genannt)
(1583–1602)’,
AHC
18 (1986),
334–447.
...
120
...(2003), involving the Chaldeans, Assyrians, Syr. Catholic, and Syr. Orth. In
all these upheavals displacement and emigration has also been to other
countrie... ...o Russia] in
the case of the Chaldeans and Assyrians) and to the West, above all at this
stage to the Americas, both North and South. The flight of Assyrian... ...of Israel, and
it has only been in the last 50 years that large numbers from all the Syr.
Churches have emigrated to countries of western Europe, with a pre... ... Ancient Church of the East: Germany (Mainz), Western
USA (Modesto, California), and Australia and New Zealand.
... ...ch of the East: Europe (Norsborg,
Sweden); Canada (Weston, Ontario); Eastern USA (Chicago; residence of the
... ... patr.
), Western USA (Glendale, Arizona); Western California (San Jose);
Australia and New Zeala... ...ce, and Russia.
Whereas some 150,000 now live in the Diaspora (ca. 90,000 in USA , and 10,000
in Australia/New Zealand), only ca. 100,000 remain in the Middl... ...00 remain in the Middle East.
Chaldean Catholic Church: USA (Southfield, Michigan;
San Diego [since 2002]), with ca. 170,000 faithful; ...
121
...Later commentators
and writers (e.g.,
Theodoros bar
Koni
,
Ishoʿdad of... ... Merv
,
Dionysios
bar ... Ṣalibi
,
ʿAbdishoʿ bar ...
Brikha
) all speak of it with great respect. Bar Brikha even
imputes to Tatian an almost mystical grasp of the ‘intention’ o... speak of it with great respect. Bar Brikha even
imputes to Tatian an almost mystical grasp of the ‘intention’ o... speak of it with great respect. Bar Brikha even
imputes to Tatian an almost mystical grasp of the ‘intention’ o... ...ay to resolve these problems was Marcion’s: to select one gospel and
exclude all others. But the same problem may also be solved as Tatian did:
create one G...
122
Didascalia Apostolorum
Teaching of the Apostles Contributor:
Maria E.
Doerfler
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Didascalia-Apostolorum
... Kirchliche
kirchliche
Amt in der
Syrischen
s...
123
Dinno, Niʿmatullāh
(1885–1951) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
Khalid
Dinno
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Dinno-Nimatullah
...eform-minded educator. He was born in
Mosul
to ʿAbd ...
al-Karīm Dinno and grew up at a time when his Church was at the low ebb ,
having emerged from nearly a half cent. of Catholic conversion. He also
... ...
al-Karīm Dinno and grew up at a time when his Church was at the low ebb ,
having emerged from nearly a half cent. of Catholic conversion. He also
... ...erment of the Church that
he so deeply loved to meet the challenges of a new era . Part of this legacy
was several unfinished literary works, which Patr. Zak... ...
Sources
Abūna , Adab , 560–2.
Lisan al-Mashriq, Mosul 3 (1951),
... ... 353–60.
Macuch, Geschichte, 440–1.
Munūfar Barṣūm, Aḍwāʾ , 39–43.
Patriarchal Magazine, Damascus 2 (1982...
124
Dionysios bar Ṣalibi
(d. 1171) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Dionysios-bar-Salibi
Dionysios bar ... Ṣalibi
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Dionysios bar -Salibi
http://syriaca.org/bibl/178
169
... ...fic Syr. Orth. author. A biography, by Patr.
Michael Rabo
, is unfortunately lost. He was probably
born in
... ...Of
the OT commentaries only those on Psalms 73–82 (ed. S. D. Ryan, Dionysius bar Salibi’s Factual and Spiritual Commentary on
Psalms 73–82 [Cahiers de l... ...That on the Pauline Epistles remains unpublished (for mss.,
see A. Vööbus in Abr Nahrain 9 [1969/70], 39–42). The
commentary on the Apocalypse preserves som... ...T by H. Labourt (CSCO 13–14; 1903).
There is an ET by B. Varghese, Dionysius Bar Salibi.
Commentary on the Eucharist (Kottayam, 1998). Besides the
... ...n the baptismal service and the Myron (ed. with ET by B.
Varghese, Dionysius Bar Salibi. Commentary on Myron and
Baptism [Moran Etho 29; 2006]).
... ..., with ET), the Jews (ed. de Zwaan, 1906; text
only), and the Muslims (J. P. Amar , CSCO 614–5; 2005) have been published.
There are important studies of the ...
125
Dionysios of Tel Maḥre
(d. 845) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
Witold
Witakowski
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Dionysios-of-Tel-Mahre
...s came from the village of Tel Maḥre. He was
a monk in the monastery of John bar Aphtonia at
Qenneshre
, but after its destruct... ...her monastery and eventually to the Monastery of Mar Yaʿqub at
Kayshum. On 1 Aug . 818 at the synod in Kallinikos, on the suggestion of
... ...t to Egypt to meet Emir ʿAbdallāh, from whom he
received an edict commanding any further destruction of churches to stop and
to rebuild the ones that had be... ...Dionysios ordained 99 bishops (Michael, 754–55 / III,
453–55). He died on 22 Aug . 845 and was buried in his former monastery of
Qenneshre.
... ... books. Dedicated to
Iwannis of
Dara
, it covered the period of over two and a half centuries, from
... ...ne emperor Maurice (582) until the death of
Emperor Theophilos and of Caliph Abū Isḥāq al-Muʿtaṣim (842) (Michael,
Chronicle, 544 / III, 111). It has not be... ...onicle of
1234 and the Chronicle of
Michael Rabo
.
Dionysios’s sources are not directly known, but the a... ... A. Abouna, Anonymi auctoris Chronicon ad
A.C . 1234 pertinens (CSCO 354; 1974), 198–206.
R. Abramowski, Dionysius vo...
126
Dionysius Thrax
‘the Thracian’ (ca. 170 – ca. 90 BC) Contributor:
Emanuel A.
Fiano
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Dionysius-Thrax
... of Aristarchus of
Samothrace; and alleged author of the Téchnē grammatikḗ ( Art of Grammar’),
which became the standard grammar handbook in Constantinople ... ...of Aristarchus of Samothrace; and
alleged author of the Téchnē grammatikḗ ( Art of
Grammar’), which became the standard grammar handbook in Constantinople
... ... 6th cent. This translation is attributed by
ʿAbdishoʿ bar
Brikha
and by E.-Syr. mss. to the maqryānā
...
127
Dionysius the Areopagite, Pseudo-
(fl.
ca. 500) Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Dionysius-the-Areopagite-Pseudo-
... 1927), probably by
Sṭephanos
bar Ṣudayli
; this work claims to be by the teacher of Dionysius;
...
128
Diosqoros of Gozarto
(13th/14th cent.) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Diosqoros-of-Gozarto
... (Cizre) in 1285/6. He was the author of a verse biography of
Bar ʿEbroyo
and of his brother
Barṣawmo Ṣafī
... ...d.), Diosqoros d-Gozarto. Mimro ʿal
qadišo Grigoriyos maphryono d-hu Bar ʿEbroyo (Glane/Losser,
1985).
E. Renaudot, Lit... ... Anaphora)
H. Takahashi, ‘A mimro on Maphrian Gregory Barṣawmo Ṣafī Bar ʿEbroyo
by Dioscorus Gabriel of Barṭelli, Bishop of Gozarto d-Qardu’, i...
129
Dolabani, Philoxenos Yuḥanon
Yūḥannā Dūlabānī (1885–1969) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
George A.
Kiraz
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Dolabani-Philoxenos-Yuhanon
... 1952); a list of lectionary readings (Mardin, 1954); selected poems of
Bar ... ʿEbroyo
(Jerusalem, 1929); poems of
Yuḥanon Bar Maʿdani
(Jerusalem, 1929); poems of
Nuḥ the
... ... Nuḥ the
Lebanese
(1956); and Bar ʿEbroyo’s ‘Book of the Dove’ (Mardin,
1916). He authored over 40 books in S...
130
...d. poets. The 19th-cent. dorekthā On the Virgin Mary (1st line B-šemmā
d bābā u-bronā ‘In the name of the Father and of the Son’),
attributed to the Sure...
131
Draguet, René
(1896–1980) Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Draguet-Rene
... Scetis
(CSCO 289–90, 293–4; 1968), the Commentary on Abba Isaiah’s
Asceticon by
Dadishoʿ
... ...he provided the
French translation of
Theodoros bar
Koni
’s ‘Book of Scholia’ (CSCO 431–2; 1981), w... ...ook of Scholia’ (CSCO 431–2; 1981), whose text alone had
been published long ago (CSCO 55, 69; 1910, 1912) by
A. Scher
, who
...
132
Drijvers, Hendrik (Han) Jan Willem
(1934– 2002) Contributor:
Gerrit J.
Reinink
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Drijvers-Hendrik-Han-Jan-Willem
...assistance of W. J. van
Bekkum, G. J. van Gelder, and G. J. Reinink, All those nations … Cultural encounters within and with the
Near Ea...
133
... 1–20.
eadem, ‘Paradise lost, paradise regained: The meaning of Adam and Eve
in the baptistery of Dura-Europos’,
... ...Eve
in the baptistery of Dura-Europos’,
ECA
5
(2008), 43–57.
D... ...and H. L. Kessler, The frescoes of
the Dura Synagogue and Christian art (1990).
...
134
Duval, Paul-Rubens
(1839–1911) Contributor:
Françoise
Briquel-Chatonnet
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Duval-Paul-Rubens
...dge. Texte
et traduction (1893). (= vol. 2 of La chimie au Moyen Âge , ed. M. Berthelot)
La littérature syri...
135
al-Duwayhī, Isṭifān
(1630–1704) [Maron.] Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/al-Duwayhi-Istifan
...atr.
(1670–1704) and scholar. He was born on 2 Aug . 1630 in Ahden,
and as a boy he was sent (in 1641) to Rome to study at the ... ... 29 (2004),
61–82.
M. Abou Diwan, ‘La figure patriarcale selon le manuscrit Vat. syr.
215 du patri... ... ParOr
30 (2005), 427–33.
Abūna , Adab ..., 651–3.
P. Chébli [Šiblī], Tarjamat abīnā al-maghbūṭ
Isṭifānūs al-Duwayhī baṭriyark Anṭākiya (1630–1704)
...
136
Ecumenical dialogueContributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ecumenical-dialogue
... character, although a few voices (notably that of
Bar
ʿEbroyo
) were to be heard, pointing out that u...
137
...s of Mount Lebanon,
above the town of Batrun (Botrom); site of church of Mar Saba .
The town of Eddé lies i... ...hills of Mount Lebanon, above the town of
Batrun (Botrom). The church of Mar Saba , which nowadays is Maronite, is an
imposing Crusader building from the 12th... ... L. Nordiguian and J.-C. Voisin, Châteaux et
églises du moyen âge ... au Liban (1999), 380–1.
L. Nordiguian and N. Reveyron, ‘L’église Mar Saba de Eddé (Batroun).
Pour une archéologie du bâti au Liban’, Tempora.
...
138
... enjoyed independence, being ruled by local kings (most of whom were named
Abgar or Maʿnu) until AD 213 when it turned into a Roman colony (see Abgarids). Christianity spread out i... ...ids). Christianity spread out in Mesopotamia
probably through Edessa, and in any case, its Aramaic dialect
attested in inscriptions, deeds of sales, and coi... ... Marcion
, and
Mani
, all contending
with Roman ecclesiastical orthodoxy championed by Ephrem (d. 373... ... (d. 435), an
archenemy of Nestorianism, and
Hiba
(d. 457) who,
while teaching at the School of
... ...eologians from Greek
into Syriac. After succeeding Rabbula as bp. of Edessa, Hiba eventually
anathematized both
Nestorius
... ... in 1144. The
Chronicle of
Michael Rabo
contains a dramatic report
of the massacres that a... ... over it was composed by
Dionysios
Bar Ṣalibi
bp. of
Amid
... ...city once
and
for all in 1924, heading to
Aleppo
where they
...
139
Edessa, School of
School of the Persians Contributor:
Adam H.
Becker
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Edessa-School-of
...sibis.
Adam
140
Eli of Qarṭmin
(ca. 13th cent.) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
Robert A.
Kitchen
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Eli-of-Qartmin
...xenos that connect him to Qarṭmin: the miraculous encounter with the
stylite Abel when Abel’s column bent down to meet Philoxenos (vv. 99–118);
and his corre...
141
Elias, Ghaṭṭās (Danḥo) Maqdisī
(1911–2008) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
Mor Polycarpus Augin
Aydin
George A.
Kiraz
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Elias-Ghattas-Danho-Maqdisi
... Damascus
in 1932,
and taught in Bāb Tūmā for two years. In 1933 he worked for the Syrian
Customs. In 1979 he em... ... netkanaš, put to music by his cousin
Gabriel Asʿad
;
3. collections of poems, letters, and other writi... ...
Sources
Abūna , Adab ..., 576.
Macuch, Geschichte, 465.
Munūfar Barṣūm, Aḍwāʾ , 122–4.
...
142
Elishaʿ bar Quzbaye
(early 6th cent.) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Lucas
Van Rompay
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Elisha-bar-Quzbaye
Elishaʿ bar ... Quzbaye
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Elisha bar -Quzbaye
http://syriaca.org/bibl/196
187
... ... Barḥadbshabba ʿArbaya
calls him ‘Elishaʿ ʿArbaya bar Quzbane (sic)’ (ed. F. Nau). The Chronicle of
Siirt
... ... composed on the Christian religion and which Cath.
Aqaq
translated into
Persian before submitting it to th... ...iirt also
ascribes to him a book on ‘the cause of the setting of the mawtbā Arab . al-mawtib; perhaps “academic
session”) in the school’, a title that links ...
143
Eliya (mid-6th cent.)
[Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
Lucas
Van Rompay
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Eliya-mid-6th-cent
...s in three W.-Syr. mss.:
Berlin Syr. 26 (Sachau 321, 8th cent.), Brit. Libr. Add .... 14,622 (9th cent.,
incomplete), and Brit. Libr. Add . 12,174 (dated 1197, written for
Dayro d-Mor Barṣawmo
... ...the two Brit. Libr. mss. (with DT) and again by
E. W. Brooks in 1907, using all three European mss. (with LT). A fourth
witness has been identified by Pa... ...ate 12th cent.).
Kleyn’s suggestion that Eliya might be identical with Eliya of Dara , whose
life was written by
Yuḥanon of
... ... J. R. Ghanem, The biography of John of Tella (d.
A.D . 537) by Elias (
Ph. D.
Ph.D.
...
144
Eliya of Nisibis
Eliya bar Shinaya (975–1046) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Herman G. B.
Teule
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Eliya-of-Nisibis
... http://syriaca.org/bibl/202
193
Eliya bar Shinaya
http://syriaca.org/person/472
person
... ... Metropolitan of Nisibis and author.
Eliya bar Shinaya (975–1046) [Ch. of E.]
Metropolitan of
... ... Nisibis
and author.
Eliya d Ṣoba or bar Shinaya was born in Shenna (North Iraq) and studied in
the St. Michael’s mo... or bar Shinaya was born in Shenna (North Iraq) and studied in
the St. Michael’s mo... ...ars according to different eastern calendars.
The report of his discussions with Abū al-Qāsim al-Maghribī, minister at the
court of the Marwānids in Diyarbakır ... ...dwriting in
the only surviving ms. of his chronicle, ms. London, Brit. Libr. Add . 7197,
written as early as 1019. His interest in Syriac grammar — and the r... ...which
became partly inserted into later liturgical compilations such as the Abū
Ḥalīm’ or the book of
Gewargis
...
145
Eliya of al-Anbār
(first half of the 10th cent.) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Andreas
Juckel
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Eliya-of-al-Anbar
Eliya of al- Anbār ...
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Eliya-of-al Anbar
http://syriaca.org/bibl/201
192
... ...aca.org/person/471
person
Bp. of al Anbār and composer of didactic poetry in the
first half of the 10th cent.
... ...
Bp. of
al Anbār
and composer of didactic poetry in the first half of the
... ... shortly before the inthronisation; 3.
ʿAbdishoʿ bar
Brikha
(d. 1318) in his ‘Catalogue’ of Syriac ... ... continuation of the one by Eliya, which he cites twice (286 and 287
A.H .).
Only the discourses survived, a voluminous collection of didactic
... ...urvived, a voluminous collection of didactic
(heptasyllabic) poetry known as Ktābā ... d-Durrāšā ‘Book
of Exercise’ or by its popular name Ktābā d-Maʾwātā
‘Book of Centuries’. The book is divided into three parts with a ...
146
Emmanuel bar Shahhare
(d. 980) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Lucas
Van Rompay
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Emmanuel-bar-Shahhare
Emmanuel bar ... Shahhare
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Emmanuel bar -Shahhare
http://syriaca.org/bibl/203
194
... ... 81 in Macomber’s list) and most likely belongs to him. The second memrā is missing in all mss. It is only from the
third memrā onwards, therefore, that Emmanuel’s
... ...16 to 28, is more theological in
nature and focuses on salvation and the New Adam . Excerpts from Emmanuel’s
work are quoted in the 15th-cent. Prose Commentar... .... ten Napel
idem
‘The textual tradition of Emmanuel bar Shahhare’s Hexaemeron in
the light of the monastic school tradition’, i... ...),
289–95.
A. Sana, ‘Ḥilq al-insān li-ʿImmanuʾil bar Šahāre’, Journal of the Iraqi Academy. Syriac
Corporation 11 (1987)... ... Vossel, ‘Quelques remarques en marge du Memra sur le Baptême
d’Emmanuel bar Shahhare’, Questions
liturgiques 82 (2001/2), 128–47. (with FT of m...
147
ʿEnanishoʿ
ʿAnanishoʿ (7th cent.) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Jeff W.
Childers
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Enanisho
...ʿEnanishoʿ settled in the
Monastery
of Beth ʿAbe
. During his travels he became enamored with Egyptian
... ...ored with Egyptian
monasticism and well acquainted with Greek texts. At Beth ʿAbe , he wrote a
book on philosophical ‘definitions and divisions’, a lexical to... ...
Sources
P. Bedjan, Acta
Martyrum et Sanctorum
mart...
148
...of varying size and
identifications of their own (e.g., the ‘Three Cells’ of Abba Zenon, the
Monastery of ‘the Fathers’, of ‘Salomon’, of the ‘Antonines’). T... ... Peter the
Iberian
at Maïuma Gaza in Palestine were expelled and took refuge
in the Enaton. Notable Miaphysit... ...
Sources
F.-M. Abel , ‘To Ennaton’,
OC
... ...of Peter the Iberian,
Theodosius of Jerusalem, and the monk Romanus SBL Writings
from the Greco-Roman World 24; 2008). (Syr. with ET)
...
149
... his madrāše. These are transmitted in collections of
various sizes, and are all edited by E. Beck: on the Church (CSCO 198–9); on
the Crucifixion (CSCO 248... ...in madrāše that must
be slightly later, are: on Abraham of Qidun and Yulyana Saba (ed. Beck, CSCO
322–3); on the Confessors (ed. Beck, CSCO 363–4); on Epipha... ...neveh) and the core of 4 (On the Sinful Woman, Luke 7); and IV, 2
(perhaps). All the rest in these volumes date from times later than Ephrem;
this also appl... ...mss. (not always quite complete). This is fortunate since later mss. (almost
all liturgical) provide only excerpts, often mixed in with later material;
furt... ...s are concerned, by the
20th-century editions of Beck and others (a guide to all these editions is
given in The Harp 3 [1990], 7–29; in S. Ephrem, un poète ... ...following the misleading 6th-century Life. A
popular theme in Late Byzantine art was the Death of St. Ephrem.
The dates of his liturgical commemorations vary in... .... with ET by S. P. Brock and G. A. Kiraz 2006). Beck’s
editions are all accompanied by GT; a GT of the Commentary on the
Diatessaron recent... ... Ephrem the Syrian (2006).
E. G. Mathews and J. P. Amar , St Ephrem the
Syrian. Selected Prose Works (1994).
...
150
...ial inferior and an unlettered
country-bumpkin whose fondest desire is to be able to speak Greek. It is
during Ephrem’s fictitious visit to Basil that his pu... ...Daughters of the Covenant’.
The several ms. traditions of the Life of Ephrem are all based on three
Syriac recensions which, in order of length
... .... Vat. Syr. 117; ms.
Paris, Bibl. Nat. Syr. 235; and ms. London, Brit. Libr. Add . 9384.
... ...
Primary Sources
J. P. Amar , A Metrical Homily on Holy Mar
Ephrem by Mar Jacob of Serugh (P... ... ET)
J. P. Amar
idem
, The Syriac Vita Tradition of Ephrem the
... ...
Secondary Sources
J. P. Amar , ‘Byzantine ascetic monachism and Greek bias in the
vita tradition ... ...92), 123–56.
J. P. Amar
idem
, ‘An unpublished Karshuni Arabic Life of E... ...
Joseph P.
Amar
151
Epiphanius of Salamis
(d. 403) Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Epiphanius-of-Salamis
...ie Anakephalaiosis zum Panarion des Epiphanius
in der Hs. Brit. Mus. Add . 12156’,
LM
96
...
152
Ethiopic Christianity, Syriac contacts withContributor:
Aaron M.
Butts
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ethiopic-Christianity-Syriac-contacts-with
...ptic, Armenian, Syriac
Orthodox, and Malankara Syriac Orthodox Churches, all of which accept the
Councils of Nicea, Constantinople, and Ephesus, but rej... ...e in the late 5th to early 6th cent.
These missionaries include the Ṣādeqān, Maṭāʿ , and especially the so-called
Nine Saints (see A. Brita, in
... ...sionaries with Syriac-speaking areas was based on three principal
arguments, all of which have been seriously challenged in more recent
scholarship.
... ...cently,
however, Marrassini (1990, 35–8; 1999, 326–8) has shown that few, if any , of
these names are actually of Syriac origin.
Second, ... ... the Aksumite period involves Syriac loanwords in Geʿez. More
than a century ago , Th. Nöldeke drew attention to a number of Aramaic
loanwords in Geʿez. Guid... ... certainly not Syriac, but others of which may
potentially be Syriac. Before any ... meaningful historical conclusions can be
drawn, an updated analysis of all the Aramaic loanwords in Geʿez is needed,
taking into account recent develo... ... meaningful historical conclusions can be
drawn, an updated analysis of all the Aramaic loanwords in Geʿez is needed,
taking into account recent develo...
153
Eusebius of Caesarea
(ca. 260 – ca. 340) Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Eusebius-of-Caesarea
...t the end of Book I it contains
the earliest reference to the letter of king Abgar of
Edessa
to Jesus and
... ...
(6th cent.?), but according to
Michael Rabo
, by
Yaʿqub of Edessa
... ... Eliya of
Nisibis
, and Michael Rabo ); for these, see P. Keseling, ‘Die
Chronik des E. in der syr. Überlieferung... ... Chronicle of Eusebius, its type and
continuation in Syriac historiography’, ARAM 11/12
(1999/2000), 419–37.
5. ‘Onomasticon’ (
... ...anity’, in Eusebius, Christianity and Judaism, ed. H. W.
Attridge and G. Hata (1992), 212–34.
L. Van Rompay, ‘Some preliminary remarks on the origins of...
154
Eutyches
(ca. 378 – ca. 454) Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Eutyches
...gsberichte der bayerischen Akademie der
Wissenschaften, phil.-hist. Kl., Abt . 5; 1929).
A. Van Roey, ‘Eutyches’, in
DH...
155
Evagrius
(345–399) Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Evagrius-of-Pontus
...ed and often quoted by Syriac
monastic authors;
Babai the
Great
wrote an extensive Commentary on the... ...heretical reader. Another Commentary on this work was made by
Dionysios bar Ṣalibi
(ed. Çiçek).
... ... 2430–2482.
G. Bunge, Evagrios Pontikos. Briefe aus der
Wüste (1986). (GT of Letters)
J...
156
Exegesis, New TestamentContributor:
Craig E.
Morrison
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Exegesis-New-Testament
...o the E.-Syr. tradition of Theodore of Mopsuestia and Narsai,
Theodoros bar Koni
(8th cent.), a teacher at the school in
Kashk... ... (McCullough, 19–21). Much of the works of
Mushe bar
Kipho
(d. 903), who commented on the entire Bi... ...d influence later Syriac authors.
Dionysios
bar Ṣalibi
(d. 1171), who knew Mushe bar Kipho’s works, wrote
commentaries on the entire NT. His aim was to summariz... ... of Merv (McCullough, 83). Finally, in 1277 the polymath
Bar
ʿEbroyo
(d. 1286) completed his ‘Storehouse of... ....-Syr. writer Ishoʿdad of Merv, though he was largely
dependent on Dionysios bar Ṣalibi.
Conclusion
The Bible has held a central place in Sy... ... Livingstone (1989), 169–75.
S. H. Griffith, ‘Theodore bar Koni’s Scholion: a Nestorian Summa
contra gentiles from the first Abbas...
157
Exegesis, Old TestamentContributor:
Bas
ter Haar Romeny
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Exegesis-Old-Testament
... ’s Diatessaron (written in the 170s; Joosten). Neither these works,
nor any of the other texts written before the 4th cent. that have come down
to us, ... ...ies on other books of the OT as well, as the monk Severos and
ʿAbdishoʿ bar
Brikha
claim, but this can no longer be ascert... ...self would call most of his exegesis in these commentaries
‘factual’, he did aim at a refutation of Manichean and Marcionite
interpretations. He seems less ... ...ons (
e.g.
e.g.,
on Adam and Eve) has led
some scholars to assume an early date for this composition... ...f which interpret the OT. Yet Yaʿqub and Narsai had
more in common. First of all , they shared a common Edessene tradition. In
addition, it seems that the mi... ...e authors just mentioned is the so-called London
Collection (ms. Brit. Libr. Add . 12,168), which was composed probably in the
second quarter of the 7th cen... ... , Gregory of Nyssa, and John Chrysostom; Ephrem and
John bar Aphtonia
are the only Syriac authors mentioned. The
... ...ussed presently.
Theodoros bar
158
The Making of theContributor:
Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage ...graphies, with an Arabic titleArabic title: Arīj al-rayḥān fī tarājim
al aʿyān wa-siyar mašāhīr al-suryān lil-afidyāqon George bin Anton āl
Kiraz. mor... ... Jawlati (Beirut, 1967).
and Saka’s al-Suryān.
I. Saka ,
al-Suryān īmān wa-ḥaḍāra,
... ...till, no articles were actually written. Later, the index cards
would be used to add entries to GEDSH, especially for the first letter of the
alphabet. A future enc... ... prototype system that permitted the tagging of texts with hyperlinks. One was
able to import such tagged texts into a database, from which one could generate
elec... ...ll member. Together, the four-member
committee read and edited the entire draft. All seventy-six authors were given a
last chance to make changes or additions to th...
159
... 1.
Joseph P.
Amar
is Director of Syriac and Arabic Studies
... ... Theological Seminary.
3.
Adam H.
Becker
is Associate Professor ... ... is Adjunct Associate Professor in
the Department of History in Art , and Associate Fellow in the Centre for the
Study of Religion and Society, Univ... ...ity of America in Washington, DC.
27.
Bas
ter Haar Romeny
is Professor of O... ...
is Director of the Paul van Moorsel Centre
for Christian Art and Culture in the Middle East at Leiden University, The
Netherlands.
... ...re for Hebrew and Jewish Studies.
61.
Bas
Snelders
is a research fellow at ... ... is a research fellow at the Paul van
Moorsel Center for Christian Art and Culture in the Middle East, of Leiden
University, The Netherlands. He is co... ... University, The Netherlands. He is co-editor of the periodical Eastern Christian Art .
62.
Jan-Eric
...
160
II. Sigla and Abbreviations for Journals, Serial Publications, and Reference WorksURI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Journals-Serials-Ref-Works
...
AB
Analecta ... ...
ABD
Anchor Bi... ...
AHC
Annuarium... ...
BBK
Biographi... ... CSCO
Corpus Scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium. all references are
to the overall number, not the Script. Syr. or Subsi... ...
ECA
Eastern C... ...
Eastern Christian Art in its Late Antique and
Islamic Contexts.
... ...
JBL
Journal o...
161
III. Frequently quoted publications, referred to by the authors’s last name and short titleURI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Frequently-Cited-Publications-Author-Short-Title
... 1–2 (3 vols.; 1872–1877).
Abūna , Adab = Ab Albīr Abūna Albīr Abūna Albīr Abūna , Adab al-lugha al-ārāmiyya (1970).
Assemani, BibOr = J. S. Assem... ... vols.; 1996).
Kiraz (ed.), Malphono w Rabo
162
Furlani, Giuseppe
(1885–1962) Contributor:
Riccardo
Contini
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Furlani-Giuseppe
... commentary to the Organon by
Giwargi bp. of the Arab
tribes
[1922–43]); the Greek background of phi... ... Yaʿqub of
Edessa
, Giwargi bp. of the Arab tribes,
Theodoros bar ...
Koni
,
Yaʿqub bar ...
Shakko
,
Bar ʿEbroyo
(to whose psychology he
devoted a series o...
163
Fāʾiq, Naʿʿūm
Naoum Elias Palak
(
(
ca. 1868–1930) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
George A.
Kiraz
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Faiq-Naum
... Syriac, Garshuni Arabic, and mostly Garshuni Turkish. He immigrated to the
USA in 1912 where he lived in NJ. There, he established the newspaper Beth Nahrin (1916–21), and later ... ...
Sources
Abūna , Adab , 546–9.
Barsoum, Scattered pearls, 523.
M. F. Juqqī... ...s, 1937).
Macuch, Geschichte, 432–3.
Munūfar Barṣūm, Aḍwāʾ , 39–43.
...
164
Gabriel Qaṭraya
(6th/7th cent.) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Gabriel-Qatraya
...least much of the work
is attributed to
Abraham bar
Lipeh
(ed. R. H. Connolly, in CSCO 71, 76; 19... ... Secondary Sources
S. P. Brock, ‘Syriac writers from Beth Qatraye’, ARAM 11/12 (1999/2000), 85–92, esp.
89–92.
...
165
Gabriel bar Bokhtishoʿ
Jibrāʾīl, Jibrīl (d. 827/8) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Aaron M.
Butts
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Gabriel-bar-Bokhtisho
Gabriel bar ... Bokhtishoʿ
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Gabriel bar -Bokhtisho
http://syriaca.org/bibl/224
215
... ... b.
Isḥāq
(d. 873) (see G. Bergsträsser, Ḥunain Ibn
Isḥāq. Über die syrischen und arabischen Galen-Übersetzungen
... ... Gabriel is cited a number of times in the Lexicon of
Ḥasan bar
Bahlul
(see R. Duval, Lexicon Syriacum auctore... ... (see R. Duval, Lexicon Syriacum auctore
Hassano bar Bahlule [3 vols.; 1888–1901, repr. 1970], xvi-xvii). He
is also mentioned i... ... (Assemani, BibOr, vol. 3, 257–8) where he is grouped
together with Ḥasan bar Bahlul,
Ishoʿ bar ʿAli
, and a
certain ‘Maruzaya’ (probably either
...
166
Gabriel of Baṣra
(fl. late 9th cent.) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Hubert
Kaufhold
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Gabriel-of-Basra
...Timotheos I
,
Ishoʿ bar ... Nun
,
ʿAbdishoʿ bar
Bahrīz
, and from the so-called Syro-Roman Law ... ... reconstructed with the help of the Syriac Nomocanon of
ʿAbdishoʿ bar
Brikha
(d. 1318) and of the second part of the... ...the Arabic collection
Fiqh al-Naṣrāniyya by
Ibn al-Ṭayyib
(1st half of 11th cent.), two works that... ...tions for an association of artisans from the
late Sasanian or early Arab period’, in Transformations of Late Antiquity. Essays for Peter
...
167
Gabriel, Fawlos
(1912–1971) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
Mor Polycarpus Augin
Aydin
George A.
Kiraz
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Gabriel-Fawlos
...in Kharput, he joined the Taw Mim
Simkath orphanage in Adana at an early age . After World War I, he
lived in
Beirut
... ...
Sources
Abūna , Adab ..., 573.
Macuch, Geschichte, 455.
Munūfar Barṣūm, Aḍwāʾ , 67–70.
...
168
Gabriel, Monastery of Mor
Monastery of Qarṭmin Contributor:
Andrew N.
Palmer
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Gabriel-Monastery-of-Mor
... his nephews, Emmanuel and Niho, monks of Qarṭmin, is extant in Berlin.
Bar ʿEbroyo
speaks of a total of seventy such volumes
...
169
... short biographical note concerning him is given by
Bar
ʿEbroyo
(Chronicon Syriacum, ed. Bedjan,
... ...
Secondary Sources
G. Bergsträsser, Hunain ibn Ishaq. Über die
syrischen und arabischen
...
170
Gannat Bussāme
... Firstly, the exegetical prose homilies written by
Aba II of
Kashkar
(7th–8th cent.), of which many f... ... in the Gannat Bussāme, containing the
exegesis of passages from Gen., Num., Isa ., and the four Gospels. Secondly,
the commentaries of Ṣliba Zkha
... ... the commentaries of Ṣliba Zkha
Ṣharbokht
bar Msargis
, an author who is not known in the Syriac tradition
...
171
Georgian Christianity, Syriac contacts withContributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
Jeff W.
Childers
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Georgian-Christianity-Syriac-contacts-with
... slave woman who converted King Mirian III in the 330s (related, but
without any names, also in
Michael Rabo
, Chronicle
VII.3). By the 5th cent. Christianity w... ... Christianity, some direct, others indirect.
1. The indirect influence via Armenian) of early Syriac versions and/or the
Diatessaron on some early... ...esence
of both Syriac and Georgian monks at various monasteries, notably Mar Saba ,
is attested especially for the 9th–10th cent.
... .... Especially in the late
10th cent. there were close connections between Mar Saba Monastery and St.
Catherine’s Monastery. The Georgian monk Iovane Zosime (a... ...ne Zosime (active between 949
and 987; Tarchnishvili, 109–14) moved from Mar Saba to St. Catherine’s some
time before 973. For some of his manuscripts this f... ...ne Zosime (active between 949
and 987; Tarchnishvili, 109–14) moved from Mar Saba to St. Catherine’s some
time before 973. For some of his manuscripts this f... ...ne Zosime (active between 949
and 987; Tarchnishvili, 109–14) moved from Mar Saba to St. Catherine’s some
time before 973. For some of his manuscripts this f...
172
Gewargis I
(d. 680/1) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Lucas
Van Rompay
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Gewargis-I
... and
was a monk in
Beth ʿAbe
. He came into contact with
the future
... ...], a term which may perhaps include Muslims, as
well as against polygamy); a ban on drinking wine with Jews in Jewish
taverns, especially after the Christia... ...Enanishoʿ
, a
fellow monk from the Monastery of Beth ʿAbe , to compile the ‘Paradise of the
Fathers’, which became an authoritative co...
173
Gewargis Warda
(13th cent.?) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Alessandro
Mengozzi
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Gewargis-Warda
... ,
mentioned in the same ms. Like
Khamis bar
Qardaḥe
(also connected with Arbela), Gewargis... ...included in
the ‘Paradise of Eden’ by
ʿAbdishoʿ bar
Brikha
. Attempts to place Gewargis in the firs...
174
Gewargis of Arbela, Pseudo-
(9th cent.?) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Gewargis-of-Arbela-Pseudo-
...ela’
(another wrong attribution is to
ʿAbdishoʿ bar
Bahrīz
). The chapters in each section provide ... ...includes the short ‘Commentary on the (liturgical) Services’ by
Abraham bar Lipeh
of
Beth Qaṭraye
...
175
Giwargi, bp. of the Arab tribes
(d. 724) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Giwargi-bp-of-the-Arab-tribes
Giwargi, bp. of the Arab ... tribes
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Giwargi-bp-of-the Arab -tribes
http://syriaca.org/bibl/237
228
... ...
Sargis Zakunoyo to ordain Giwargi bishop of the Arab
tribes, which he did in Nov. 686. As a protegé of Athanasios II and a frien... ...cs’ (ed. G. Furlani); this is preserved in the 8th/9th-cent. ms.
Brit. Libr. Add . 14,659, together with introductions and glosses. A number
of verse texts a... ... Miller, ‘George, bishop of the Arabs, on the true philosophy’,
ARAM 5 (1993), 303–20.
J. Tannous, ‘Between christology and kalam? The Life... ...christology and kalam? The Life and Letters of George, bishop of the
Arab tribes’, in Malphono w- Rabo
d-Malphone, ed. G. A. Kiraz, 671–716. (with further
...
176
Giwargis II, Ignatius
(1648–1708) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
George A.
Kiraz
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Giwargis-II-Ignatius
...ng various parts of his life. Born in
Mosul
to ʿAbd
al-Karīm, his family produced three patr. (him, his nephew
... ...serve in Malankara, Giwargis was installed maph. in his place
in 1684. On 22 Apr . 1687, he was elevated to the patriarchate.
Following disputes with the newly e...
177
Giwargis of Bʿeltan
(Patr. 758–789) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
Witold
Witakowski
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Giwargis-of-Beltan
...cording to a non-Syriac source [see
Evetts, 413]), but apparently at a young age he turned Syr. Orth. He was
educated in Syriac and Greek learning in the
... ... the
synod at Serugh in 764/5 the Mesopotamian bishops accepted Dawid bp. of Dara
as the successor to the deceased anti-patriarch.
Dawid ... ...eceased anti-patriarch.
Dawid accused Giwargis of tax irregularities, and Caliph Abū Jaʿfar ʿAbdullāh
al-Manṣūr (754–75) put him in prison for nine years (767–7... ... authorities.
On 22 May 785 he presided over the synod in Kfar Nabu in the region of Serugh
at which 22 canons, mostly of a disciplinary nature... ... (quoted by
Michael Rabo
, Chronicle, vol. 3, 5–8) on the
formula ‘We break ... ... A. Harrak, The Chronicle of Zuqnīn, Parts
III and IV, A.D . 488–775 (Medieval Sources in
Translation 36; 1999).
...
178
Gospel of the Twelve Apostles
[Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Gospel-of-the-Twelve-Apostles
...own only in Syriac, probably dates from the
early 8th cent. (probably before ʿAbd al-Malik’s death in 705), and is not
preserved quite complete. It misleadin... ... (
i.e.
i.e.,
Arab rule), and a succession of
twelve
12
...
179
Graffin, François
(1905–2002) Contributor:
Françoise
Briquel-Chatonnet
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Graffin-Francois
... he should
be allowed to prepare himself for this task. Graffin then studied all the
Eastern Christian languages, but Syriac was to be his main field of
... ... Institute in Rome, was entrusted with the directorship. Graffin himself was
able to complete two major multi-volume editions initiated by M. Brière:
... ...milies 1–57 (PO
35.3; 36.1, 3, and 4; 37.1; and 38.2; between 1969 and 1977, all under the
names of Brière and Graffin); and
Ph... ...n and translation of Memre 3–10 (PO 38.3; 39.4; 40.2;
between 1977 and 1980, all under the names of Brière and Graffin) as well as
an additional volume with... ...nd Graffin). He published one of
the ‘Bases’ of
Bar ʿEbroyo
’s ‘Lamp of the Sanctuary’,
dealing with th...
180
Greek, Syriac translations fromContributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Greek-Syriac-translations-from
...and (in the early 8th cent.)
Giwargi bp. of the Arab tribes
.
The program of translating Greek philosophical... ... in subsequent Syriac encyclopedic literature (notably
Bar
ʿEbroyo
) and in Arabic sources. Several of Pat...
181
Gregory Thaumaturgus
the ‘Wonderworker’ (3rd cent.) Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Gregory-Thaumaturgus
... CPG
1763–1794.
P. Bedjan, Acta Martyrum et
Sanctorum, vol. VI (1890–97), 83–106. (Syr. of
... ...bensgeschichte des Gregorius
Thaumaturgus’, Theologische Zeitschrift aus der
Schweiz 11 (1894), 228–54. (GT of Life ed.
... ... I. Ramelli, ‘Gregorio il Taumaturgo nelle versioni siriache della
sua biografia: alcune note’, in ‘Il gusto che
fiorisce come palma’.... ...’, in ‘Il gusto che
fiorisce come palma’. Gregorio il Taumaturgo fra storia e
agiografia, ed. B. Clausi and V. Milazzo (Studia
...
182
Gregory of Nazianzus
(330–390) Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Gregory-of-Nazianzus
... CPG
3032). According to
Bar ʿEbroyo
(‘Book of Directions’, VII.9) 31 Letters circulated
... ... the
8th/9th cent. (ms. London, Brit. Libr.
Add . 17,209 and 14,544), representing two different translations
(unpublished).... ...
Dionysios
, done in 802, according to Bar ʿEbroyo, Ecclesiastical
History, vol. I, col. 363; and a certain Gabriel, m... ... CPG
3010–3125.
C. Crimi, Fra tradizione diretta et tradizione indiretta: Note alla
versione siriaca dei «Carmi» di Gregorio Nazianzeno’, in La diffusione ... tradizione diretta et tradizione indiretta: Note alla
versione siriaca dei «Carmi» di Gregorio Nazianzeno’, in La diffusione ...
183
Gregory of Nyssa
(ca. 330 – ca. 395) Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Gregory-of-Nyssa
...sbroeck, ‘Versions syriaques du panégyrique de Grégoire le
Thaumaturge’, ARAM 5 (1993), 537–53.
A. Meredith, Gregory of Nyssa (1999).
... ...r
idem
, ‘Pseudo-Gregory of Nyssa’s Homily on Poverty’, ARAM 5 (1993), 401–26.
F. Pericoli Ridolfini, ‘Dedica e sommario del De Opifici...
184
Grigor I
(d. ca. 610) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Lucas
Van Rompay
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Grigor-I
... Khusrau II). During this nearly twenty-year long interregnum,
Babai ...
the Great
and Aba , Archdeacon of Seleucia, were in charge of the
administration of the Ch. of...
185
Grigorios Yawseph
Gregory Joseph IV the Iberian (d. 1537) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
George A.
Kiraz
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Grigorios-Yawseph
... contemporary patriarchs and bishops; 3. An introduction to
Bar ʿEbroyo
’s Ḥewat ḥekmto ‘Cream of
Wisdom’; 4. A few...
186
Guidi, Ignazio
(1844–1935) Contributor:
Riccardo
Contini
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Guidi-Ignazio
...loxenos
of Mabbug
’s letter to the monks of Tell ʿAda (1886); of the
Statutes of the School of
Nisibi... ... P. Bedjan
’s
seven-volume Acta Martyrum et Sanctorum. Only the
first two substantial items of this selecti...
187
Guillaumont, Antoine
(1915–2000) Contributor:
Françoise
Briquel-Chatonnet
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Guillaumont-Antoine
...cularly to the Sahidic fragments of the Coptic version of the
‘Asceticon’ of Abba Isaiah (
Isaiah of
Scetis
... ...yr. Christianity, including such authors as
Babai the Great
in the E.-Syr. and
Sṭephanos
... ... in the E.-Syr. and
Sṭephanos
bar Ṣudayli
in the W.-Syr. tradition. His last and posthumous
... ...e ascetics lived. Using the texts and gleaning information
from them, he was able to identify the site of Kellia, a center of eremitic
life situated between ... ...ts, this
archeological experience also formed the background for his volumes Aux origines du monachisme chrétien (1979) and Études sur la spiritualité de l’Orient Chrétien
... ... 311–25.
Aux origines du monachisme chrétien. Pour une
phénoménologie du mon... ...
http://www.college-de-france.fr/default/EN all /ins_dis/antoine_guillaumont.htm
http://www.college-de-france.fr...
188
Habbi, Yusuf
(1938–2000) [Chald.] Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Habbi-Yusuf
... among his many publications
was the edition of
Bar
Bahlul
’s newly discovered ‘Book of Signs’ (1987). ...
189
...
Sources
P. Bedjan, Acta Martyrum et
Sanctorum (7 vols.; 1890–97).
S... ... , Stewards of the poor: The Man of God,
Rabbula, and Hiba in fifth-century Edessa (2006).
Fiey, Saints syriaques (2004).
...
190
Harris, James Rendel
(1852–1941) Contributor:
Naomi
Koltun-Fromm
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Harris-James-Rendel
...tions in Biblical Languages
and Ecclesiastical History at Haverford College USA ), New Testament at
Johns Hopkins ( USA ), and as curator of mss. at the John Rylands Library in
Manchester (UK). Be... ), New Testament at
Johns Hopkins ( USA ), and as curator of mss. at the John Rylands Library in
Manchester (UK). Be... ...erved as director of the Woodbrooke Institute, Birmingham (UK), where he
was able to combine his love for ancient textual studies and Quaker
spirituality.
... ...f Christianity
to descend both from Second Temple and post-70 CE Judaism(s), all the while
pursuing the ways and means that these early Christian writers th... ...d Latin as well as Coptic, Syriac, Armenian,
and Persian, led him on travels all over the Middle East including extensive
stays in the libraries of the
... ... Commentaries of Ishoʿdad of Merv, Bishop of Ḥadatha (c. 850
A.D .) in Syriac and English (5 vols.; Horae Semiticae 5–7
and 10–11; 19...
191
Hatch, William Henry Paine
(1875–1972) Contributor:
Lucas
Van Rompay
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Hatch-William-Henry-Paine
... the Egyptian Wadi al-Natrun in search of Syriac and Coptic mss., but he was
able to obtain only a few Coptic folios from St. Macarius Monastery. After
his r... ...elk., and Christian Palestinian Aramaic. For the period up to the year
1000, all known dated mss. (more than 100) were included; for the period
from the 11t... ...iptions, the Album’s introductory chapters, which summarize the
state of the art in various subfields of the study of Syriac mss., have
created a foundation... ...y of Syriac mss., have
created a foundation and a framework of reference for all subsequent
scholarly work in Syriac paleography and ms. studies.
...
192
Hiba ...
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Hiba
http://syriaca.org/bibl/267
258
... ... http://syriaca.org/bibl/267
258
Ibas
http://syriaca.org/person/534
person
... ...nvolved in christological debates of the time.
Ibas (d. 457)
Bp. of
... ...
Bp. of
Edessa
. Hiba must have been active in the School of
Edessa from the second or third ... ... 428).
Around the time of the Nestorian controversy (428–31), Hiba parted ways with
... ... , the main authority for the Syr. Miaphysites, while
Hiba represented the Antiochene dyophysite tradition. In 433 Hiba wrote a
famous letter to a certain Mari, ‘the Persian’, in which he bitterl...
193
Hippolytus of Rome
(late 2nd/early 3rd cent.) Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Hippolytus-of-Rome
...he end
of
Dionysios
bar Ṣalibi
’s Commentary on Daniel. Dionysios’s Commentary on the
... ...n of the earth between the descendants
of Noah in Syriac tradition’, ARAM 5
(1993), 635–56, esp. 649–53.
...
194
Historiography, SyriacContributor:
Witold
Witakowski
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Historiography-Syriac
...poch (such as the chronologically first note: ‘The year
180 [of the Seleucid era = 132/1 BC]: kings began to reign in Edessa.’) and
Christian epoch was inc... ...ide,
as for instance one very mutilated folio that brings information on the Arab
conquest of Syria in the beginning of the 7th cent., or a fragment of a
... ...raphical, and linguistic information on the then known
world, in addition to data on the early history of mankind, culled from the
Bible. The Chronicle of Hi... ...languages
including those that have written literature), and historical were all
expressed within the account of the vicissitudes of the three sons of Noah
... ... chronicles (the Chronicle to the year 724, the Chronicle of
Michael Rabo ...
, and that of
Bar
ʾEbroyo
... ...as biblical
commentaries (Scholion of
Theodoros Bar Koni
, the
Commentary of
... ... of
Merv
, and two other anonymous commentaries, all from the period of
the 8th to 10th cent.), and accounts of sacred history (...
195
Hormizd, Monastery of Rabban
[Chald.] Contributor:
Heleen L.
Murre-van den Berg
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Hormizd-Monastery-of-Rabban
...apaṭ
, a former monk of the Monastery of Rabban
Bar ʿEdta
.
Whereas a few 12th-cent. mss. indicate its ... ... Among the earliest authors of that period is the monk
Sargis bar
Waḥle
(ca. 1500), who wrote a Memronā (a
... ...lies from
nearby Alqosh took the lead in ms. production. Among these was the Abuna
family, who also provided the patriarchs for one of the patriarchal lines o... ... the Ch. of E. disagreed with the choice of a new potential successor (naṭar kursi) from the Abuna family. Despite Sullaqa’s
relative success in acquiring papal consecration ... .... After the monastery was practically deserted in
the late 18th cent., a new era started when the Chaldean monk Gabriel Dambo
(alternatively written as Danb... ... , The histories of Rabban Hôrmîzd the Persian
and Rabban Bar -ʿIdtâ (2 vols; 1902, repr. 1976), vol. I,
1–109 (Shemʿon’s text; Syr.);...
196
Ibn al-Ṭayyib
(d. 1043) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Aaron M.
Butts
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ibn-al-Tayyib
Ibn ... al-Ṭayyib
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org Ibn -al-Tayyib
http://syriaca.org/bibl/276
267
... ...heologian, exegete, physician, translator, and
philosopher. His full name is Abū al-Faraj ʿAbd Allāh Ibn Allāh ʿAbd Allāh Ibn Allāh ʿAbd
197
Ignatius Yaʿqub III
(1912–1980) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
George A.
Kiraz
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ignatius-Yaqub-III
...f Tuma
Gabriel Mari and Shmuni Isḥaq Mtuka, and was given the baptismal name Shābā
( ʿAbd al- Aḥad al- ʿAbd al- Aḥad ). He attended the seminary at
Dayro d-Mor
... ...e
Mimre mgabayo (Aleppo, 1959). His other works,
all in Arabic, include a history of the church (2 vols.; 1953 and 1957), a
hist... ...
Sources
Abūna , Adab , 570–2.
Macuch, Geschichte, 453–5.
Munūfar Barṣūm, ...
198
... subject
Inscriptions in a broad sense include texts written on any
substrate other than ms. (which itself may be of parchment, papyrus, or
... ...
Inscriptions in a broad sense include texts written on any substrate other
than ms. (which itself may be of parchment, papyrus,
... ... inscriptions. The earliest Christian inscriptions from the Syriac-speaking
area are in Greek, for example the Greek inscription in the baptistery of
... ... fan in bronze carries a beautiful inscription dated 1202/3.
Central and East Asia
Along the Silk Road Syriac inscriptions are an important testimony to the
... ...important testimony to the
mission work of the Ch. of E. in Central and East Asia . Many Syriac graffiti
have come to light in Urgut, Uzbekistan, and numerous... ...ionally found, the most common dating system throughout the centuries
is the era of the Seleucids (known as ‘of Alexander’, ‘of the Macedonians’,
or ‘of the... ...or the later period many local eras are used as well as the common
Christian era . Finally, it should be noted that inscriptions have
contributed to our unde... .... L. Ball, ‘A sixteenth-century Batrashil in the Metropolitan
Museum of Art ’,
Hugoye
9.1 (2006).
...
199
Isaiah of Scetis
Abba Isaiah Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Isaiah-of-Scetis
... http://syriaca.org/bibl/281
272
Abba Isaiah
http://syriaca.org/person/548
person
... ... CPG
5555).
Abba Isaiah
Greek monastic writer of uncertain identity; author of ... ...ossible Isaiah’s are known, Isaiah of
Scetis (early 5th cent.) and Isaiah of Gaza (d. 491). The suggestion (by G.
Krüger, in Die sogenannte Kirchengeschichte... ...h of Scetis, while the later form represents the editorial work of
Isaiah of Gaza , a friend of
Peter the
Iberian
... ... CPG
5555–5556.
P. Bettiolo, Abba Isaia, Mar Efrem. Testi
siriaci sulla preghiera (1993). (IT of ... ... 26 (1995), 115–7,
120–4.
D. Chitty, Abba Isaiah’,
JTS
ns 22
... ...versie cristologiche (1980), 286–95.
L. Regnault, ‘Isaïe de Scété ou de Gaza ’,
DSpir
, vol. 7 (1971), 2083–...
200
Ishoʿ bar Nun
(d. 828) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Lucas
Van Rompay
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Isho-bar-Nun
Ishoʿ bar ... Nun
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Isho bar -Nun
http://syriaca.org/bibl/289
280
... ...
Cath. (823–28), author of commentaries on the entire Bible. Ishoʿ bar Nun was
born in the village of Beth Gabbare on the Tigris, near
... ... , around 745. He
studied with
Abraham bar
Dashandad
and, possibly after a short period o... ...braham of
Kashkar
), where he also taught. Ishoʿ bar Nun later moved to
Baghdad
... ...ny different sources
provide at times conflicting information. In 823, Ishoʿ bar Nun was elected
... ... whom he is said to have had a difficult relationship. He died in 828.
Ishoʿ bar Nun should in all likelihood be distinguished from his namesake
and contemporary who was bp. ...
201
Ishoʿ of Merv
Ishoʿ Maruzaya, ʿĪsā al-Marwazī (9th cent.) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Aaron M.
Butts
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Isho-of-Merv
...lished from the preface to
the Lexicon of
Ishoʿ bar ʿAli ...
(second half of the 9th
cent.). According to Bar ʿAli’s patron, Abraham, the Lexicon of Ishoʿ of
Merv was ‘composed irregula... ... b. Isḥāq
(d. 873). Despite this somewhat negative evaluation, Bar
ʿAli made use of the Lexicon of Ishoʿ of Merv, along with that of Ḥunayn,
when c... ... Merv, who is often cited in the Lexicon of
Ḥasan Bar ...
Bahlul
(mid-10th cent.). Bar Bahlul, however, never explicitly
identifies Zekarya of Merv with Ishoʿ of ... ...identifies Zekarya of Merv with Ishoʿ of Merv. In addition, in one instance,
Bar Bahlul cites Ishoʿ of Merv by name (Duval, 835.14). Thus, without
further e...
202
Ishoʿdad of Merv
(fl.
ca. 850) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Lucas
Van Rompay
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ishodad-of-Merv
... W.-Syr. authors, such as
Dionysios
bar Ṣalibi
.
Both the theological concepts and the exegetic... ... Narsai
, Cath. Mar
Aba
,
and
Ḥenana
... ...son, The commentaries of Ishoʿdad
of Merv, bishop of Hadatha (c. 850 A.D .) in Syriac and
English (5 vols.; 1911–1916; repr. 2005).
...
203
Ishoʿdnaḥ
(9th cent.) [Ch. of E] Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ishodnah
...r Yawnan,
founder of a famous monastery near
al Anbār
. Several
further works by him, including an Eccles... ... P. Cheikho, al-Duyūra fī mamlakatay al-furs
wal ʿarab (1939). (AT)
Secondar...
204
Ishoʿyahb II of Gdala
(d. ca. 646) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ishoyahb-II-of-Gdala
... nature ...’, which is also attributed in some mss. to
Babai the
Great
. The Chronicle of
... ...l Ishoʿyahb II de Gdala (1983). (the
introduction sets out and discusses all the sources for his life and
writings)
...
205
Ishoʿyahb III of Adiabene
(d. 659) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ishoyahb-III-of-Adiabene
...59), author, and liturgical reformer. He was born in Kuplana (on
the Greater Zab , in
Adiabene
), the son
... ...downer named Bastomag. He became a monk of the nearby
Monastery of Beth ʿAbe
, but was appointed bp. of
Nineveh
... ... Consecration of a new church; this attribution is also found in
the mss. of all these, but the emergence of these liturgical books is likely
to have been m... ...he life of the Ch. of E. during
the period of the transition from Persian to Arab rule. (The edition by P.
Scott-Moncrieff [1904] of Ishoʿyahb’s letters writ... ...imary Sources
J.-B. Chabot, ‘Histoire de Jésus-Sabran, écrite par Jésus yab
d’Adiabène’, Nouvelles archives des missions
...
206
Ishoʿyahb bar Malkon
Īshūʿyāb, Yashūʿyāb b. Malkūn (late 12th – early 13th cent.) [Ch.
of E.] Contributor:
Lucas
Van Rompay
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ishoyahb-bar-Malkon
Ishoʿyahb bar ... Malkon
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ishoyahb bar -Malkon
http://syriaca.org/bibl/300
291
... ... Eliya of Nisibis
and
Yoḥannan bar ...
Zoʿbi
(e.g., ms. Brit. Libr. Add . 25,876: Wright, Catalogue, vol. 3, 1175a–1179a). A further
grammatical wor... ...her
grammatical work on Syriac, ‘Elucidation in Syriac grammar’ (Manhrānuthā ba -grammaṭiqi suryāytā) is in two
columns, Syr. and Arabic (e.g., ms. Paris, 3... ... orientale, 105–7.
H. Teule, ‘A theological treatise by Išoʿyahb bar Malkon preserved in
the theological compendium Asfār al-Asrār’,
... ...
H. Teule
idem
, ‘Išoʿyahb bar Malkon’s treatise on the veneration of the holy
icons’, in Christians a...
207
Islam, Syriac interactions withContributor:
Sidney H.
Griffith
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Islam-Syriac-contacts-with
...Arabic
(Luxenberg). Other scholars had already made use of other comparative data
(Wansbrough) to propose a later, early 8th-cent., Syrian origin for
... ...tween the Romans and the Arabs of Muḥammad in Palestine twelve miles east
of Gaza ’ in the year 634 (Hoyland, 120). The chroniclers continued to record
the in... ...pendent records of events that are only sparsely reported or not
reported at all in Islamic, Arabic sources of the time (Borrut). The great
medieval, Syriac... ...pendent records of events that are only sparsely reported or not
reported at all in Islamic, Arabic sources of the time (Borrut). The great
medieval, Syriac... ... medieval, Syriac chronicles, such as the Chronicle of
Michael Rabo
(d. 1199) and the anonymous Chronicle of
1234,... ...nicler from the
late 8th cent. says of the Syriac-speaking Christians in his era , in the
region of
Ṭur ʿAbdin
... ...ten or twenty or thirty or a hundred or
two hundred or three hundred without any sort of compulsion
. . . .
…
... ...been in the apocalyptic genre. The most notable of these is the ‘Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius’, in all likelihood
composed originally in Syriac by a Syr. Orth. writer in ca. 691 ...
208
Isḥaq
(ca.
fl.
399/400–410/11) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Lucas
Van Rompay
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ishaq
...ved at the end of the
4th cent. In this new political environment, Isḥaq was able to lay the
foundation for the organization of the Christian communities, wi... ...ong with the see of Seleucia-Ctesiphon (whose incumbent is given
primacy ‘in all the regions of the East’, canon 12), the following five
cities have metrop... ...out the
celebration of Christian feasts (canon 13). Some canons specifically aim at
creating uniformity between East and West (
...
209
Isḥaq Shbadnaya
(fl. 1439/40) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Thomas A.
Carlson
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ishaq-Shbadnaya
... Merv
, and
Yoḥannan bar
Zoʿbi
. Some of these quotations are extensive.... ...
Sources
Abūna , Adab , 463–4.
Baumstark, Literatur, 330.
G. Cardahi, Lib...
210
Isḥaq of Antioch
(fl. 5th cent.) Contributor:
Edward G.
Mathews , Jr.
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ishaq-of-Antioch
...tter from Yaʿqub of
Edessa to Yuḥanon of Litarba (Letter 14; ms. Brit. Libr. Add . 12,172, f.
123r-v), Isḥaq was a well-known priest in Edessa who flourished... ... Yuḥanon of
Litarba
(Letter 14; ms. Brit. Libr. Add . 12,172, f. 123r–v), Isḥaq
was a well-known priest in
... ...lourished in the 450s. The
Chronicle of
Michael Rabo
(II.viii.9) and the
dependent Ecclesiastical Chron... ...) and the
dependent Ecclesiastical Chronicle of
Bar ʿEbroyo
(I.165) both seem to have conflated this I... ...pletely edited. Approximately two hundred works have been
identified, nearly all of which are memre written in
the seven syllable meter. Many are on ascetic... ...d for the data they reveal on contemporary practices of local pagan
worship. All the works in this corpus cannot have come from the same hand.
Although thei...
211
Isḥaq of Nineveh
(late 7th cent.) [Ch. of E.] Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ishaq-of-Nineveh
... much of it was translated into Greek at the Chalcedonian Monastery of Mar
Saba (St. Sabbas), near
Jerusalem
, in the
... ... 224–225; 1995). (Syr. with ET)
I. I. Ica , Jr. Isaac Sirul. Cuvinte
catre singuratici. Partea II rece... ... Syrian (2000).
S. P. Brock, ‘From Qatar to Tokyo, by way of Mar Saba ...: the
translations of Isaac of Beth Qatraye’, ARAM 11/12 (1999/2000), 275–84.
... ... S. P. Brock
idem
, ‘Syriac into Greek at Mar Saba : the translation of St Isaac
the Syrian’, in The Sabaite Heritage o... ... in The Sabaite Heritage of the
Orthodox Church, ed. J. Patrich OLA 98; 2001),
201–8.
... ... (forthcoming).
S. Chialà, Dall’ascesi eremitica alla ...
misericordia infinita. Ricerche su Isacco di Ninive e la sua
fortuna (2002).
P. Hagman, Underst...
212
Isḥoq ʿAzar
(1647–1724) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
George A.
Kiraz
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ishoq-Azar
Isḥoq ʿAzar ...
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ishoq Azar
http://syriaca.org/bibl/294
285
...
213
Isḥoq Ṣaliba
(d. 1730) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
George A.
Kiraz
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Ishoq-Saliba
...http://syriaca.org/person/558
person
Last bp. of Dayro d-Mor Abay .
(d. 1730) [Syr. Orth.]
... ...
(d. 1730) [Syr. Orth.]
Last bp. of Dayro d-Mor Abay . Little is known about his early life. He may
have been from Qilleth and ma... ...or
Matay
. He was consecrated bp. of Dayro d-Mor Abay with the unusual
Syriac, rather than Greek, honorific title Isḥoq. He may h... ...arch Shemʿun of Maʿdan ca. 1699. After
his death in 1730, the diocese of Mor Abay , which then included Ṣawro,
Qilleth, and its villages, Bafawah, ʿWein, Khar...
214
Iwannis Yuḥanon
(d. 1755) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
George A.
Kiraz
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Iwannis-Yuhanon
... ʿarraqiyya (a small cap worn under a turban to absorb sweat)’. His
brother, ʿAbd al-Karīm, and he became monks at
Dayr
al-Z... ... Dayro d-Mor Matay in 1743.
Iwannis was sent to serve in Malankara ca. 1746. His bad temper and
mismanagement led to much trouble. He toured the churches in Ind... ...Shukrallāh of Aleppo who arrived in 1751. When the maph. witnessed Iwannis’s
bad temper and harsh treatment of priests, he detained him in Cochin and
sent h...
215
Iwannis of Dara
John of Dara (fl. first half of 9th cent.) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
Sebastian P.
Brock
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Iwannis-of-Dara
Iwannis of Dara ...
https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Iwannis-of Dara
http://syriaca.org/bibl/304
295
... ...http://syriaca.org/bibl/304
295
John of Dara
http://syriaca.org/person/161
person
Sy... ...s well as a commentary on the liturgy.
John of Dara (fl. first half of 9th cent.) [Syr. Orth.]
Syr. author. The ci... ...Bodies, Priesthood (though
this may be by
Mushe bar
Kipho
), Paradise, Creation, the Divine Economy... ... J. Sader, Le “De Oblatione” de Jean de
Dara ... (CSCO 308–9; 1970).
B. Varghese, John of Dara , Commentary on the
Eucharist (Moran Etho 12; 1999). (ET)
... ... SymSyr II, 267–93.
J. Reller, ‘Iwannis von Dara
216
Iyob of Edessa
Job of Edessa, Ayyūb al-Ruhāwī (2nd half of 8th cent. – ca. 835?)
[Ch. of E. or Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
Barbara H.
Roggema
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Iyob-of-Edessa
...ge of the
Abbasid family. Iyob was sent by al-Maʾmūn to Khurasan to serve as ʿAbd
Allāh b. Ṭāhir’s physician, when the latter became governor there in the
... ...ms unlikely that he would have been charged with such a
task at the advanced age of 70; his estimated year of birth, probably based
solely on
... ...timated year of birth, probably based
solely on
Bar ʿEbroyo
’s reference to Iyob (Abbeloos
and Lamy, Gr... ...rhebraei chronicon
ecclesiasticum, vol. 2, 181) as someone living in the era of Patr.
Timotheos I
... ... , is therefore probably too early. In the same
passage, Bar ʿEbroyo calls Iyob a philosopher ‘who followed the doctrine of
Nestorius’. ... ...to his conversion are lacking, and
the possibility should be considered that Bar ʿEbroyo’s claim is based on
conjecture. There are no earlier sources that r... ...s were produced in a
Syr. Orth. milieu.
In his letter to ʿAlī b. Yaḥyā b. al-Munajjim about the translations of
Galen
... ...ks only two survive,
the most important of which is the ‘Book of Treasures’ Ktābā d-simātā). It deals with a wide range of natural phenomena
which Iyob analy...
217
... Christ. In Aphrahaṭ, iḥidāyā functions as an
equivalent of bar / ba (r)t qyāmā ‘son/daughter of the
covenant’ (see
... / ba (r)t qyāmā ‘son/daughter of the
covenant’ (see
... ...ness in the Syrian Orient. From Ignatius of Antioch to
Chalcedon 451 A.D . (1993).
S. P. Brock, The luminous eye: The spiritual
...
218
Jacob, Cyril
Qurilos Yaʿqub (1912–199?) [Syr. Orth.] Contributor:
George A.
Kiraz
URI: https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Jacob-Cyril
...
Macuch, Geschichte, 471.
Munūfar Barṣūm, Aḍwāʾ , 125–126.
...
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