Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition

John Climacus

Abbot of the Monastery of Sinai around the year 600. Climacus (klimakos) means ‘of the Ladder’, after the title of an important spiritual treatise in which he describes the monk’s ascent to God as a ladder of thirty steps, each step being a particular stage of the spiritual life. The work was originally composed in Greek and enjoyed great popularity in the Byzantine tradition. A Syriac translation originated in Melk. circles, but was in the East mostly read in Arabic. In the W.-Syr. tradition this Melk. Syriac version (ktābā d-massqāne) remained virtually unknown until Bar ʿEbroyo (d. 1286) inserted important fragments into his ‘Ethicon’ and the ‘Book of the Dove’.

Sources

CPG 7850–7853.
C. Luibheid and N. Russell, John Climacus. The Ladder of Divine Ascent (1982).
H. Teule, ‘L’Echelle du Paradis de Jean Climaque dans la tradition syriaque: Premières investigations’, ParOr 20 (1995), 279–93.

Herman G. B. Teule

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Front Matter

Editors’ Preface List of Contributors [2011] List of Figures and Color Plates Sigla and Abbreviations The Making of the Electronic Edition The Making of the Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage

A (73)

Aba Aba I Aba II of Kashkar Abgar the Hagiographer Abgarids of Edessa Abraham bar Dashandad Abraham bar Lipeh Abraham of Beth Rabban Abraham of Kashkar Abraham of Nathpar Abrohom II Gharīb Abrohom Naḥshirtono Addai, Teaching of Adiabene Aesop Aitalaha Albonesi, Teseo Ambrogio degli Aleppo Alexander Cycle Alqosh Alqosh, School of Amid Amyūn Antioch Anṭun of Tagrit Apamea Aphrahaṭ Apocalypses Aqaq Arabic, Syriac translations from Aramaic Arameans Arbela Aristides of Athens Aristotle Armalah, Isḥāq Armenian Christianity, Syriac contacts with Art and architecture Assemani, Elia Assemani, Joseph Aloysius Assemani, Josephus Simonius Assemani, Stephanus Evodius Assfalg, Julius Assyrians Asʿad, Gabriel Athanasios Aṣlan Athanasios I Gamolo Athanasios II of Balad Athanasius of Alexandria Audo, Toma Awgen, Mar Aydin, Nuʿmān Ayyub, Barsoum Aḥiqar Aḥob Qaṭraya Aḥudemmeh Aḥudemmeh of Balad al-Anbār al-Dibs, Yūsuf al-Duwayhī, Isṭifān al-Rāhib, Elias al-Suryān, Dayr al-Zaʿfarān, Dayr al-Ḥāqilānī, Ibrāhīm al-Ṣahyūnī, Jibrāʾīl al-Ṣalīb, Dayr ʿAbdishoʿ bar Bahrīz ʿAbdishoʿ bar Brikha ʿAbdishoʿ of Gazarta ʿAbdullāh I bar Sṭephanos ʿAbdullāh II Saṭṭūf ʿAbdulmasīḥ II ʿAmīra, Jirjis

B (53)

Bnay Qyāmā, Bnāt Qyāmā Babai of Nisibis Babai the Great Baghdad Bahdeidat Balad Balai Bar Bahlul, Ḥasan Bar ʿAli, Ishoʿ Bar ʿEbroyo, Grigorios Bar ʿEdta, Rabban Bardaiṣan Barlaam and Josaphat Barsoum, Ignatius Afram Barsoum, Murad Ṣaliba Barḥadbshabba ʿArbaya Barṣawma of Nisibis Barṣawmo Barṣawmo Ṣafī, Grigorios Barṣawmo, Dayro d-Mor Barṭelle Baselios Gewargis Basil of Caesarea Baumstark, Anton Beck, Edmund Bedjan, Paul Behnam Ḥadloyo Behnam, Dayro d-Mor Beirut Bello, Estipān Benjamin of Edessa Beth Aramaye Beth Garmai Beth Lapaṭ Beth Nuhadra Beth Qaṭraye Beth ʿAbe, Monastery of Beth ʿArbaye Beulay, Robert Bible (General)Bible, New Testament manuscripts Bible, Old Testament manuscripts Bibliography Bidawid, Raphael I Bidāry, Pawlos Book of Steps Bostra Braun, Oskar British Orthodox Church Brockelmann, Carl Brooks, Ernest Walter Budge, Sir Ernest Alfred Wallis Burkitt, Francis Crawford

C (26)

Cardahi, Gabriel Catherine, Monastery of St.Cause of Causes Cave of Treasures Ceriani, Antonio Maria Chabot, Jean-Baptiste Chaldean Catholic Church Chaldean Syrian Church Chaldeans Chicago China, Syriac Christianity in Christian Palestinian Aramaic Chronicle of 1234 Chronicle of Edessa Chronicles, Syriac Church of the East Clement of Rome and Pseudo-Clementine literature Colophons Computing, Syriac Coptic Christianity, Syriac contacts with Costaz, Louis Crusades Cureton, William Cyril of Alexandria Cyril of Jerusalem Çiçek, Julius Yeshu

D (36)

Dorekthā Dabbūs, Antoine Dadishoʿ I Dadishoʿ Qaṭraya Damascus Damyanos of Alqosh Danhash, George Daniel bar Maryam Daniel bar Ṭubanitha Daniel of Mardin Daniel of Ṣalaḥ Daoud, Francis Darmo, Toma David, Clemens Joseph Dawid Puniqoyo Dawid bar Pawlos Denḥa De’ Rossi, Azariah (Buonaiuto)Diamper, Synod of Diaspora Diatessaron Didascalia Apostolorum Dinno, Niʿmatullāh Diodore of Tarsus Dionysios bar Ṣalibi Dionysios of Tel Maḥre Dionysius Thrax Dionysius the Areopagite, Pseudo-Diosqoros of Gozarto Dolabani, Philoxenos Yuḥanon Draguet, René Drijvers, Hendrik (Han) Jan Willem Dura-Europos Duval, Paul-Rubens de Halleux, André de Lagarde, Paul Anton

E (27)

Editors’ Preface Ecumenical dialogue Eddé Edessa Edessa, School of Eli of Qarṭmin Elias, Ghaṭṭās (Danḥo) Maqdisī Elishaʿ bar Quzbaye Eliya (late 8th/early 9th cent.)Eliya (mid-6th cent.)Eliya I of Ṭirhan Eliya III Shakir Eliya of Nisibis Eliya of al-Anbār Emmanuel bar Shahhare Ephrem Ephrem, Life of Epiphanius of Salamis Ethiopic Christianity, Syriac contacts with Euphemia and the Goth Eusebius of Caesarea Eusebius of Emesa Eutyches Evagrius Exegesis, New Testament Exegesis, Old Testament ʿEnanishoʿ

F (5)

Fars Fatḥallāh, Elias Fiey, Jean-Maurice Furlani, Giuseppe Fāʾiq, Naʿʿūm

G (30)

Gannat Bussāme Gabriel Qamṣa Gabriel Qaṭraya Gabriel bar Bokhtishoʿ Gabriel of Baṣra Gabriel, Fawlos Gabriel, Monastery of Mor Galen Garshuni Geoponika Georgian Christianity, Syriac contacts with Gewargis I Gewargis Warda Gewargis of Arbela Gewargis of Arbela, Pseudo-Giwargi, bp. of the Arab tribes Giwargis II, Ignatius Giwargis of Bʿeltan Gospel of the Twelve Apostles Graffin, François Graffin, René Greek, Syriac translations from Gregory Thaumaturgus Gregory of Nazianzus Gregory of Nyssa Grigor I Grigorios Yawseph Grigorios of Cyprus Guidi, Ignazio Guillaumont, Antoine

H (22)

Habbi, Yusuf Hagiography Hakkari Harris, James Rendel Hatch, William Henry Paine Hiba Hippolytus of Rome Historiography, Syriac Hormizd, Monastery of Rabban Ḥanno, Sulayman Ḥarqlean Version Ḥarran Ḥazqiel I Ḥenana Ḥenanishoʿ I Ḥenanishoʿ II Ḥenanishoʿ bar Seroshway Ḥimyar Ḥimṣ Ḥirta Ḥubeika, Joseph Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq

I (31)

Iḥidāyā Ibn al-Ṭayyib Ignatius Yaʿqub III Ignatius of Antioch Inscriptions Isaiah of Scetis Ishaʿya of Beth Sbirina Ishoʿ bar Nun Ishoʿ of Merv Ishoʿbokht of Rev Ardashir Ishoʿdad of Merv Ishoʿdnaḥ Ishoʿyahb I Ishoʿyahb II of Gdala Ishoʿyahb III of Adiabene Ishoʿyahb IV Ishoʿyahb bar Malkon Isidore of Pelusium Islam, Syriac interactions with Israel of Alqosh Isḥaq Isḥaq Shbadnaya Isḥaq of Amid Isḥaq of Antioch Isḥaq of Edessa Isḥaq of Nineveh Isḥoq ʿAzar Isḥoq Ṣaliba Iwannis Yuḥanon Iwannis of Dara Iyob of Edessa

J (15)

Jacob, Cyril Jamīl, Shmuʾel Jansma, Taeke Jerusalem John Chrysostom John Climacus John Philoponos John Rufus John bar Aphtonia John of Damascus Josephus Judaism, Syriac contacts with Julian Romance Julian of Halicarnassus Juridical literature

K (11)

Kaftun, Dayr Kalila and Dimna Karamlish Karka d-Beth Slokh Kfar Helda Khamis bar Qardaḥe Khouri-Sarkis, Gabriel Khoury, Asmar Kokhe Konat, Matta Kthobonoyo Syriac

L (12)

List of Contributors [2011] List of Figures and Color Plates List of Patriarchs of the Main Syriac Churches in the Middle East Lamsa, George Land, Jan Pieter Nicolaas Leloir, Louis Leon of Ḥarran Leroy, Jules Levi Della Vida, Giorgio Liturgy Loʿozar bar Sobtho Loʿozar of Beth Qandasa

M (56)

Manuscript Index Maps Macarian Homilies Malabar Catholic Church Malabar Independent Syrian Church Malankara Catholic Church Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church Malankara Syriac Orthodox Church Man of God of Edessa Mani Manna, Yaʿqob Awgen Manuscripts Maphrian Maqdisī, Jeremiah Mar Thoma Syrian Church (Malankara)Mara bar Serapion, Letter of Marcian Marcion Mardin Mari, Acts of Mark the Monk Mark, Monastery of St.Maron Maronite Church Martyrs and persecutions Marutha of Maypherqaṭ Marutha of Tagrit Mary Masius, Andreas Masora Masʿūd of Ṭur ʿAbdin Matay, Dayro d-Mor Maximus Maʿad Medicine Melitene Meliton the Philosopher Melkite Melkite literature in Syriac Menander, Syriac sentences of Methodius, Apocalypse of Pseudo-Michael Badoqa Michael I Rabo Michael II the Younger Midyat Mingana, Alphonse Moberg, Axel Monasticism Mosul Mubārak, Buṭros Murad, Michael Mushe bar Kipho Mushe of Aggel Mushe of Mardin Mushe of Nisibis Mūsā al-Ḥabashī, Dayr Mār

N (19)

Nagran Naqqāsheh, Afram Narsai Nathniel of Sirzor Nau, François Nestorianism Nestorios of Beth Nuhadra Nestorius Nicolaus of Damascus Nilus the Solitary Nineveh Nisibis Nisibis, School of Niʿmatullāh, Ignatius Nonos of Nisibis Nuro, Abrohom Nuḥ the Lebanese Nöldeke, Theodor Nūrī, Athanasios Ignatios

O (3)

ʿOnithā Old Syriac Version Old Syriac documents

P (28)

Palimpsests Palladius Papa bar ʿAggai Papyri, Syriac Paradise of the Fathers, Book of Pawla of Edessa Pawlos of Beth Ukome Pawlos of Kallinikos Pawlos of Nisibis Pawlos of Tella Pawlos the Persian Pawlos the Philosopher Payne Smith (Mrs. Margoliouth), Jessie Payne Smith, Robert Perley, David Barsum Peshitta Peter of Kallinikos Peter the Iberian Philoxenos of Mabbug Physiologus Poetry Polykarpos Porphyry Printing Proba Proba Proclus of Constantinople Psalms, Syriac Apocryphal

Q (11)

Qdām w-Bāthar Qara Qarabashī, ʿAbd al-Masīḥ Nuʿmān Qaraqosh Qarqaphto, Monastery of Qenneshre, Monastery of Qiryo, Yuḥanna Qiyore of Edessa Qoro, Elias Malke Qurillona Quryaqos

R (8)

Rabbula Gospels Rabbula of Edessa Raḥmani, Ignatius Ephrem II Renaissance, Syriac Reshʿayna Rhetoric Rhétoré, Jacques Romanos the Melodist

S (71)

Sigla and Abbreviations Saba, Boutros Sabrishoʿ I Sabrishoʿ bar Pawlos Sachau, Eduard Sahdona (Martyrius)Saka, Yaʿqub Salmān, Ḥanna Salomon, Désiré Samuel, Athanasios Yeshuʿ Sargis Bḥira Sargis bar Waḥle Sargis the Stylite Sauget, Joseph-Marie Sawma, Abrohom Sayfo Scher, Addai Schulthess, Friedrich Scribes Script, Syriac Secundus Selb, Walter Seleucia-Ctesiphon Seminary of St. John Sergios of Reshʿayna Severos Sebokht Severos bar Mashqo Severos, Commentary of the monk Severus of Antioch Sextus, Sentences of Shahdost Shaliṭa, Mar Shalliṭa of Reshʿayna Shamsi Clan Sharfeh Shaʿya, Elias Shemʿon Shanqlawi Shemʿon bar Ṣabbaʿe Shemʿon d-Ṭaybutheh Shemʿon of Rev Ardashir Shemʿon, Eshai Shemʿun II, Basileios Shemʿun Quqoyo Shemʿun of Beth Arsham Shemʿun of Edessa Shemʿun the Stylite Shlemon of Baṣra Shubḥalmaran Siirt Silwanos of Qardu Sindbad Sleepers of Ephesus, Legend of the Smith, Agnes and Margaret Sobo, Ignatius Sobo, Malki al-Qas Afram Sogdian Solomon, Odes of Sophronius Strothmann, Werner Sureth Symmachus Synodicon Orientale Syriac Catholic Church Syriac Conferences Syriac Language Syriac Lexicography Syriac Orthodox Church Syro-Hexapla Sṭephanos bar Ṣudayli Ṣawma, Rabban Ṣharbokht bar Msargis

T (39)

The Making of the Electronic Edition The Making of the Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage Tagrit Tappuni, Gabriel Tatian Taw Mim Simkath Telkepe Tell ʿAda, Monastery of Testament of Adam Testament of our Lord Jesus Christ The Enaton Theano Theodora (Empress)Theodore of Mopsuestia Theodoret of Cyrrhus Theodoros Abū Qurra Theodoros bar Koni Theodoros bar Wahbun Theodosios Theodosios of Edessa Theodosius of Alexandria Theodotos of Amid Theodotus of Ancyra Theophilos of Edessa Thomas Christians Thomas, Acts of Thābit b. Qurra Timotheos I Timotheos II Timotheos II of Alexandria Timotheus, Abimalek Titus of Bostra Toma of Edessa Toma of Marga Tsereteli, Konstantin Tumo of Ḥarqel Turfan, Syriac texts from Ṭur ʿAbdin Ṭuroyo

U (1)

Urmia

V (5)

Van Roey, Albert Van den Eynde, Ceslas Florent Vaschalde, Arthur Adolphe, C.S.B.Vööbus, Arthur van der Ploeg, Johannes P. M.

W (3)

Wall paintings in Syria and Lebanon Women in the Syriac Tradition Wright, William

X (1)

Xi’an

Y (41)

Yahbalaha I Yahbalaha III Yawsep Busnaya Yawsep Huzaya Yawsep I of Seleucia-Ctesiphon Yawsep II Yawsep d-Beth Qelayta Yawsep of Telkepe Yawsep Ḥazzaya Yaʿqub Burdʿoyo Yaʿqub bar Shakko Yaʿqub of Edessa Yaʿqub of Nisibis Yaʿqub of Serugh Yaḥyā b. ʿAdī Yeshuʿ bar Khayrun Yeshuʿ the Stylite Yoḥannan Azraq Yoḥannan Iḥidaya Yoḥannan Sullaqa Yoḥannan bar Abgare Yoḥannan bar Penkaye Yoḥannan bar Sarapion Yoḥannan bar Zoʿbi Yoḥannan of Beth Rabban Yoḥannan of Dailam Yoḥannan of Dalyatha Yoḥannan of Mosul Yulyana Saba Yuḥanon Barbur Yuḥanon Maron Yuḥanon Naqar Yuḥanon Qashisho Yuḥanon X, Ishoʿ bar Shushan Yuḥanon XIV bar Shayullāh Yuḥanon bar Maʿdani Yuḥanon of Ephesus Yuḥanon of Litarba Yuḥanon of Mardin Yuḥanon of Tella Yuḥanon of the Sedre

Z (4)

Zacharias Rhetor Zacharias, Pseudo-Zingerle, Pius (Jacob)Zuqnin, Chronicle of

Back Matter

List of Patriarchs of the Main Syriac Churches in the Middle East Manuscript Index Maps

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